考研英语顺利上岸必刷试题及答案

考研英语顺利上岸必刷试题及答案考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______模拟试题一、完形填空Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedintensedebateacrossvarioussectors,particularlyregardingitspotentialimpactonemployment.ProponentsarguethatAIwillprimarily(1)jobsratherthaneliminatethem,suggestingthatitwillautomateroutinetasksandallowhumanstofocusonmorecomplex,creativeendeavors.However,criticswarnof(2)joblosses,especiallyinfieldslikemanufacturinganddataentry,whereautomationisalreadywell-established.Thisdichotomyreflectsabroadersocietalanxietyaboutthefutureofworkinanincreasinglyautomatedworld.Understandingthenuancesofthisissuerequiresexaminingboththepotentialbenefitsanddrawbacks.Ononehand,AIcan(3)efficiencyinnumerousindustries,leadingtocostsavingsandtheabilitytoproducemorewithlesslabor.Itcanalso(4)newopportunitiesbyenablingthecreationofjobsrelatedtoAIdevelopment,maintenance,andoversight.Theserolesdemanddifferentskillsets,includingprogramming,dataanalysis,andethicaloversight,potentially(5)aworkforcetransformationratherthanoutrightreplacement.Ontheotherhand,thedisplacementofworkersduetoautomationposessignificantchallenges.Studiessuggestthatwhilesomejobsmaybecreated,thenumberandqualityofthesenewrolesmightnotfully(6)theoneslost.Thiscouldleadtoincreasedincomeinequalityandsocialunrestifappropriatesupportsystemsarenotimplemented.Furthermore,thelearningcurveassociatedwithtransitioningtoanAI-driveneconomycanbesteep,leavingmanyindividuals(7)behind.TheethicalimplicationsofAI,suchasbiasindecision-makingalgorithms,alsoaddanotherlayerofcomplexitytothediscussion.Ultimately,thefutureofemploymentintheageofAIwilldependonhowsocietynavigatesthesechallenges.(8),itiscrucialtoinvestineducationandretrainingprogramstohelpworkersadapttonewroles.(9),policymakersmustensurethatthebenefitsofAIaredistributedequitably,possiblythroughmechanismslikeuniversalbasicincomeorenhancedsocialsafetynets.OnlythencanweharnessthepowerofAItoimproveliveswithout(10)widespreadunemployment.Instructions:Choosethebestwordforeachblankfromthewordsgiveninthebrackets.1.A.create2.B.replace3.C.enhance4.D.eliminate5.E.trigger6.F.compensate7.G.integrate8.H.Firstly9.I.Secondly10.J.contributing二、阅读理解Passage1Theconceptof"fakenews"hasbecomeincreasinglyprominentinthedigitalage,referringtodeliberatelyfabricatedormisleadinginformationspreadonline,oftenwiththeintenttomanipulatepublicopinionorforfinancialgain.Whilethetermgainedwidespreadusageduringthe2016U.S.presidentialelection,thephenomenonitselfisnotnew.Misinformationhasexistedforcenturies,evolvingalongsidenewcommunicationtechnologies.However,theinternetandsocialmediaplatformshavecreatedauniqueenvironmentwheremisinformationcanspreadatanunprecedentedrateandreachaglobalaudiencewithminimaleffort.Severalfactorscontributetotheproliferationoffakenews.Thelowbarriertoentryforcreatingandsharingcontentonlineallowsanyonetodisseminateinformation,regardlessofitsaccuracy.Algorithmsdesignedtomaximizeuserengagementoftenprioritizesensationaloremotionallychargedcontent,whichcaninadvertentlyamplifythereachoffakenews.Additionally,cognitivebiasessuchasconfirmationbias—peopletendencytofavorinformationthatconfirmstheirpreexistingbeliefs—makeindividualsmoresusceptibletobelievingandsharingmisleadingcontent.Thespeedatwhichinformationtravelsonlinealsomakesitdifficultforfact-checkerstorespondinreal-time,allowingfalsehoodstotakerootbeforecorrectionscanbemade.Theconsequencesoffakenewsarefar-reachinganddetrimental.Onasocietallevel,itcanerodetrustininstitutions,includingthemedia,government,andscientificorganizations.Thiserosionoftrustcanleadtopoliticalpolarization,asindividualsbecomemoreinclinedtoacceptinformationfromsourcesthatalignwiththeirexistingviews,evenifthosesourcesareunreliable.Economically,fakenewscannegativelyimpactmarketsbyspreadingrumorsormanipulatinginvestorsentiment.Furthermore,itcanhaveseriousreal-worldconsequences,suchasincitingviolenceorspreadingpublichealthmisinformationduringcrisesliketheCOVID-19pandemic.Combatingfakenewsrequiresamultifacetedapproachinvolvingindividuals,platforms,andgovernments.Individualsshoulddevelopmedialiteracyskills,learninghowtocriticallyevaluateinformationandidentifypotentialsignsofmisinformation.Socialmediaplatformsmusttakegreaterresponsibilityformoderatingcontentanddesigningalgorithmsthatprioritizeaccuracyoverengagement.Thiscouldinvolveimplementingmeasurestoreducethevisibilityoffakenewsandpromotingfact-checkinginitiatives.Governmentscanalsoplayarolebyfundingresearchintomisinformationandsupportingeducationalprogramsaimedatimprovingmedialiteracy.Ultimately,creatingamoreinformedanddiscerningonlinepopulationisessentialtomitigatingtheharmfuleffectsoffakenews.Questions:1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?A.Toargueagainsttheexistenceoffakenews.B.Todescribethehistoricalrootsofmisinformation.C.Toanalyzethecausesandconsequencesoffakenewsandsuggestsolutions.D.Topromotespecificsocialmediaplatformsassolutionstofakenews.E.Tocriticizeindividualsforbelievingfakenews.2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTlistedasafactorcontributingtothespreadoffakenews?A.Theeasewithwhichcontentcanbecreatedandsharedonline.B.Thedesignofalgorithmsthatprioritizeuserengagement.C.Theexistenceofcognitivebiasesamonginternetusers.D.Thehighcostofproducingfakenewscontent.E.Thespeedatwhichinformationtravelsonline.3.Theword"proliferation"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.DeclineB.SpreadC.OrganizationD.RegulationE.Creation4.Thepassagesuggeststhatconfirmationbiascanhavewhicheffectonindividuals?A.Itmakesthemmorelikelytocreatefakenews.B.Itmakesthemmorelikelytoignoreaccurateinformation.C.Itmakesthemmorelikelytoacceptinformationthatconfirmstheirexistingbeliefs.D.Itmakesthemmorelikelytoseekoutdiversesourcesofinformation.E.Itmakesthemmorelikelytobecomeexpertsinfact-checking.5.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomepotentialeconomicconsequencesoffakenews?A.Increasedtrustinfinancialinstitutions.B.Reducedmarketvolatility.C.Negativeimpactsonmarketsduetorumorsormanipulatedinvestorsentiment.D.Higherstockpricesduetopositiverumors.E.Greaterinvestmentfactin-checkingorganizations.6.Theword"detrimental"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.BeneficialB.ComplicatedC.HarmfulD.ExpensiveE.Necessary7.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutcombatingfakenews?A.Itrequiresonlygovernmentintervention.B.Itcanbeeffectivelyhandledbysocialmediaplatformsalone.C.Itnecessitatesacollaborativeeffortinvolvingindividuals,platforms,andgovernments.D.Itismostsuccessfulwhenimplementedbyeducationalinstitutions.E.Itisimpossibletofullyeliminatefakenews.8.ThepassagementionstheCOVID-19pandemicasanexampleofasituationwherefakenewscanhaveseriousreal-worldconsequences.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofapotentialreal-worldconsequencementionedinthecontextofthepandemic?A.Increasedsalesoffakenewsproducts.B.Improvedpublictrustinsocialmediaplatforms.C.Incitementofviolenceorspreadingpublichealthmisinformation.D.Lowerunemploymentratesduetoincreasedinformationavailability.E.Greaterpublicsupportformisinformationcreators.9.Theword"erode"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.StrengthenB.WeakenC.CreateD.ExpandE.Preserve10.Accordingtothepassage,whatisapotentialroleforsocialmediaplatformsincombatingfakenews?A.Tocompletelybanalluser-generatedcontent.B.Todesignalgorithmsthatprioritizeaccuracyoveruserengagement.C.Toencourageuserstocreatemorefakenewsforfinancialgain.D.Toignorethespreadofmisinformationtoavoidcontroversy.E.Tochargeusersfortherighttoshareinformation.Passage2TheArcticregion,oftencharacterizedbyitsvast,icylandscapesandextremecold,isundergoingsignificantenvironmentalchangesatanalarmingrate.Thiswarmingtrend,knownasArcticamplification,isoccurringfasterthaninmanyotherpartsoftheglobe,leadingtoacascadeofinterconnectedeffects.Themeltingofseaice,permafrostthawing,andrisingsealevelsarenotonlytransformingthephysicalenvironmentbutalsoimpactingglobalclimatepatterns,biodiversity,andhumancommunities.OneofthemostvisibleimpactsofArcticwarmingistherapiddeclineinseaiceextentandthickness.Thisreductionhasprofoundconsequencesformarineecosystems,particularlyforspeciesthatrelyonseaiceforhunting,breeding,orshelter,suchaspolarbears,seals,andwalruses.Thelossofseaicehabitatforcestheseanimalstoadapttonewconditionsorfaceincreasedrisksofstarvationandpopulationdecline.Additionally,theopeningofnewlyice-freewaterscanalteroceancurrentsandweatherpatterns,potentiallyleadingtomoreextremeweathereventsindistantregions.Thethawingofpermafrost,thelayeroffrozengroundthatunderliesmuchoftheArctic,presentsanothersignificantchallenge.Permafrostactsasamassivefreezer,lockingawayvastamountsoforganiccarbonintheformoffrozensoilanddeadplantmaterial.Astemperaturesrise,thispermafrostbeginstothaw,releasinggreenhousegaseslikemethaneandcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere.Thiscreatesapositivefeedbackloop,asthereleasedgasesfurtheraccelerateglobalwarming,exacerbatingthethawingprocess.Thethawingpermafrostalsoaffectsinfrastructurebuiltonit,suchasroads,pipelines,andbuildings,leadingtocostlyrepairsanddisruptions.BiodiversityintheArcticisalsobeingseverelyaffectedbytheseenvironmentalchanges.Speciesthatareadaptedtocold,stableconditionsarestrugglingtocopewiththerapidtransformationoftheirhabitats.Somearemigratingnorthwardortohigherelevationsinsearchofmoresuitableenvironments,whileothersarefacingincreasedcompetitionfromspeciesthatcantoleratewarmerconditions.ThisshiftinspeciesdistributioncandisruptthedelicatebalanceofArcticecosystemsandleadtothelossofuniquenativespecies.AddressingthechallengesofArcticwarmingrequiresinternationalcooperationandacommitmenttoreducinggreenhousegasemissionsglobally.TheArcticregionisparticularlyvulnerabletoclimatechange,anditshealthiscloselylinkedtothewell-beingoftheentireplanet.EffortstomitigateclimatechangemustincludemeasurestoprotectArcticecosystemsandsupportthecommunitiesthatdependonthem.Additionally,researchiscrucialtobetterunderstandthecomplexdynamicsofArcticclimatechangeanditsfar-reachingconsequences.OnlythroughacoordinatedglobaleffortcanwehopetoslowdowntherateofArcticwarmingandminimizeitsimpactsontheplanetanditsinhabitants.Questions:11.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A.TheeconomicbenefitsofArctictourism.B.TheenvironmentalchangesoccurringintheArcticregionduetoglobalwarming.C.ThehistoryofArcticexplorationanddiscovery.D.TheculturaltraditionsofIndigenouscommunitiesintheArctic.E.ThepotentialforArcticresourcestofuelglobalenergydemands.12.Thephrase"Arcticamplification"inthefirstparagraphrefersto:A.TheincreaseinArctictourismactivities.B.ThefasterrateofwarmingintheArcticcomparedtootherpartsoftheglobe.C.TheamplificationofsoundinArcticconcerthalls.D.Theamplificationofseaiceduringwintermonths.E.Theamplificationofpermafroststabilityduetoincreasedcold.13.Accordingtothepassage,whatisapotentialconsequenceofthemeltingseaiceforpolarbears?A.Theymayfindnewhuntinggroundsinopenwaters.B.Theymayfaceincreasedrisksofstarvationandpopulationdecline.C.Theymaydevelopthickerfurtoadapttowarmertemperatures.D.Theymaymigratetolowerlatitudesduringthesummer.E.Theymayhavemoreaccesstofishduetoincreasedoceanbiodiversity.14.Theword"cascade"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.IncreaseB.DescentC.SeriesD.AccumulationE.Decline15.Thepassagesuggeststhatthethawingofpermafrostcanleadtowhichoutcome?A.Anincreaseintheamountoffrozensoil.B.Thereleaseofgreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere,potentiallyacceleratingglobalwarming.C.ImprovedconditionsforagricultureintheArctic.D.EnhancedstabilityofArcticinfrastructure.E.Reducedmethaneemissionsduetocoldertemperatures.16.Theword"exacerbating"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.ReducingB.WorseningC.IgnoringD.StudyingE.Preserving17.Accordingtothepassage,whatisachallengefacedbyArcticspeciesduetoenvironmentalchanges?A.Theyhaveanabundanceoffoodresources.B.Theyareadaptingquicklytonewhabitats.C.Theyarefacingincreasedcompetitionfromotherspecies.D.Theyarethrivingduetotheopeningofice-freewaters.E.Theyarereceivinggovernmentsupportforhabitatconservation.18.ThepassagementionstheimpactofArcticwarmingoninfrastructurebuiltonpermafrost.Whatisanexampleofsuchinfrastructurementioned?A.AirportsB.RoadsC.OceansD.ForestsE.Lakes19.Thephrase"delicatebalance"inthethirdparagraphrefersto:A.ThebalancebetweenArcticandnon-Arcticecosystems.B.ThebalanceofpoweramongArcticnations.C.ThebalanceofspecieswithinArcticecosystems.D.ThebalanceofeconomicinterestsintheArctic.E.Thebalancebetweenclimatechangemitigationandadaptationefforts.20.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestisnecessarytoaddressthechallengesofArcticwarming?A.IsolatingtheArcticregionfromtherestoftheworld.B.IncreasinginvestmentinArcticoilandgasextraction.C.ReducinggreenhousegasemissionsgloballyandprotectingArcticecosystems.D.EncouragingmorepeopletoliveintheArcticforpopulationdiversity.E.DevelopingnewtechnologiestoreverseArcticwarming.三、翻译下面的文字是某大学研究生院网站上关于一项研究项目的介绍。请将其翻译成英文。近年来，随着人工智能技术的飞速发展，其在医疗领域的应用前景日益广阔。一项新的研究项目旨在探索利用AI技术辅助医生进行更精确的诊断。该项目将结合深度学习和大数据分析，开发一个智能诊断系统。该系统能够分析患者的影像资料（如CT、MRI），并识别出可能指示疾病的特征。早期试验表明，该系统在识别某些类型癌症的早期病变方面展现出巨大潜力。研究团队计划与多家医院合作，收集更多真实世界数据以进一步验证和改进该系统。项目的最终目标是开发出一个可靠的AI辅助诊断工具，帮助医生提高诊断效率，减少误诊，从而改善患者的治疗效果和生活质量。四、写作directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteashortessayof120wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.Theessayshouldbeclear,coherent,andwithinthespecifiedwordlimit.[Picturedescription:Apersonsittingaloneatadesk,surroundedbyemptyinstantnoodlecups,lookingtiredanddisheartenedwhileusingacomputer.]试卷答案一、完形填空1.A2.B3.C4.D5.E6.F7.G8.H9.I10.J解析思路1.create:动词辨析。根据上下文，proponents（支持者）认为AI将创造（create）而非消除工作。replace意为“取代”，enhance意为“增强”，eliminate意为“消除”，trigger意为“引发”，compensate意为“补偿”，integrate意为“整合”。创造新工作与支持者的观点最契合。故A正确。2.replace:动词辨析。根据上下文，critics（批评者）警告失业，是因为AI将工作（replace）而不是消除。create意为“创造”，enhance意为“增强”，eliminate意为“消除”，trigger意为“引发”，compensate意为“补偿”，integrate意为“整合”。取代现有工作与批评者的观点最契合。故B正确。3.enhance:动词辨析。根据上下文，AI可以提高（enhance）许多行业的效率。create意为“创造”，replace意为“取代”，eliminate意为“消除”，trigger意为“引发”，compensate意为“补偿”，integrate意为“整合”。提高效率是AI的常见益处。故C正确。4.eliminate:动词辨析。根据上下文，AI可以自动化常规任务，允许人类专注于更复杂的工作，这意味着AI将消除（eliminate）一些常规工作。create意为“创造”，replace意为“取代”，enhance意为“增强”，trigger意为“引发”，compensate意为“补偿”，integrate意为“整合”。消除常规工作是自动化带来的直接结果。故D正确。5.trigger:动词辨析。根据上下文，这些新角色需要不同的技能，可能（trigger）劳动力转型。create意为“创造”，replace意为“取代”，enhance意为“增强”，eliminate意为“消除”，compensate意为“补偿”，integrate意为“整合”。引发、触发劳动力转型。故E正确。6.compensate:动词辨析。根据上下文，一些新工作的数量和质量可能无法完全compensate（补偿）失去的工作。create意为“创造”，replace意为“取代”，enhance意为“增强”，eliminate意为“消除”，enhance意为“增强”，trigger意为“引发”，integrate意为“整合”。补偿损失的工作。故F正确。7.integrate:动词辨析。根据上下文，学习曲线很陡峭，许多个体可能被integrate（整合）到新的经济体系中。create意为“创造”，replace意为“取代”，enhance意为“增强”，eliminate意为“消除”，trigger意为“引发”，compensate意为“补偿”。被整合进体系，此处指被落下、无法适应。故G错误，应为被排除在外，但integrate在此处可理解为被迫融入不适宜的环境。更优选项应为beleftbehind，但题目选项有限，此处按给定选项分析，意为被迫融入。实际应为被落下。题目选项有误。8.Firstly:副词辨析。根据上下文，“Ultimately,thefuture...willdependonhowsocietynavigatesthesechallenges.”这句话引出实现未来的方法，应先提出第一个方法。Firstly意为“首先”，Secondly意为“其次”。提出第一个解决方案。故H正确。9.Secondly:副词辨析。根据上下文，在提出投资教育之后，还应提出第二个方法。Firstly意为“首先”，Secondly意为“其次”。提出第二个解决方案。故I正确。10.contributing:动词辨析。根据上下文，只有这样，我们才能利用AI的力量来改善生活，而不（contributing）导致大规模失业。Aimingto意为“旨在”，enhancing意为“增强”，triggering意为“引发”，amplifying意为“放大”，contributingto意为“导致”。不导致大规模失业。故J正确。二、阅读理解1.C2.D3.B4.C5.C6.C7.C8.C9.B10.B11.B12.B13.B14.C15.B16.B17.C18.B19.C20.C解析思路1.C:主旨题。通读全文，文章首先定义了假新闻，然后分析了其传播原因（低门槛、算法、认知偏见、传播速度），接着阐述了其社会、经济、现实层面的危害，最后提出了个人、平台、政府多方面的应对策略。选项C“分析假新闻的原因和后果并建议解决方案”最全面地概括了文章内容。A“论证假新闻不存在”与文意相反。B“描述假新闻的历史根源”仅在第一段提及，并非主旨。D“推广特定社交媒体平台”未在文中体现。E“批评人们相信假新闻”过于片面。2.D:细节题。根据第二段，“Thelowbarriertoentryforcreatingandsharingcontentonlineallowsanyonetodisseminateinformation,regardlessofitsaccuracy.”指出创建和分享内容的低门槛。B“算法优先考虑用户参与度”是原因之一。C“互联网用户存在认知偏见”是原因之一。E“信息在线上传播速度快”是原因之一。D“制造假新闻的成本很高”在文中未提及，且与低门槛相反。故D是未列出的原因。3.B:词汇题。根据上下文，“proliferationoffakenews”指的是假新闻的快速增多和扩散。A“减少”与文意相反。B“传播”符合语境。C“组织”不符。D“监管”不符。E“创造”过于笼统。故B为最佳答案。4.C:细节题。根据第二段，“cognitivebiasessuchasconfirmationbias—peopletendencytofavorinformationthatconfirmstheirpreexistingbeliefs—makeindividualsmoresusceptibletobelievingandsharingmisleadingcontent.”指出确认偏误使人们倾向于相信和分享证实自己既有信念的信息。A“更可能创造假新闻”不符。B“更可能忽略准确信息”不符。C“更可能相信证实自己既有信念的信息”符合定义。D“更可能寻求多元化信息来源”不符。E“更可能成为事实核查专家”不符。故C正确。5.C:细节题。根据第三段，“Economically,fakenewscannegativelyimpactmarketsbyspreadingrumorsormanipulatinginvestorsentiment.”指出假新闻可能通过散布谣言或操纵投资者情绪对市场产生负面影响。A“增加对金融机构的信任”与文意相反。B“减少市场波动性”与文意相反。C“因谣言或操纵投资者情绪而对市场产生负面影响”符合文意。D“因积极谣言导致股价上涨”不符。E“增加对事实核查组织的投资”未提及。故C正确。6.C:词汇题。根据上下文，“Theconsequencesoffakenewsarefar-reachinganddetrimental.”指出假新闻的后果是深远且有害的。A“有益的”与文意相反。B“复杂的”不符。C“有害的”符合语境。D“昂贵的”不符。E“必要的”不符。故C为最佳答案。7.C:推理题。根据第四段，“Combatingfakenewsrequiresamultifacetedapproachinvolvingindividuals,platforms,andgovernments.”指出对抗假新闻需要多方面方法。A“只需要政府干预”过于绝对。B“仅靠社交媒体平台就能单独有效处理”过于绝对。C“需要个人、平台、政府的多方合作”符合文意，是综合性的解决方案。D“最成功的是由教育机构实施”未提及。E“完全消除假新闻是不可能的”过于绝对。故C为最佳推测。8.C:细节题。根据第三段，“spreadingpublichealthmisinformationduringcrisesliketheCOVID-19pandemic.”指出在COVID-19大流行期间传播公共卫生虚假信息。A“增加假冒新闻产品的销售”不符。B“提高公众对社交媒体平台的信任”不符。C“煽动暴力或传播公共卫生虚假信息”符合文意。D“因信息可用性增加而导致失业率下降”不符。E“增加公众对虚假信息创造者的支持”不符。故C正确。9.B:词汇题。根据上下文，“erodetrustininstitutions”指出对机构的信任被削弱。A“加强”与文意相反。B“削弱”符合语境。C“创造”不符。D“扩大”不符。E“维持”不符。故B为最佳答案。10.B:细节题。根据第四段，“Socialmediaplatformsmusttakegreaterresponsibilityformoderatingcontentanddesigningalgorithmsthatprioritizeaccuracyoverengagement.”指出社交媒体平台应负起更大责任，设计优先考虑准确性而非参与的算法。A“完全禁止所有用户生成的内容”过于极端。B“设计优先考虑准确性而非用户参与的算法”符合文意。C“鼓励用户为盈利而创造更多虚假信息”与文意相反。D“忽略虚假信息的传播以避免争议”不符。E“收取用户分享信息的费用”未提及。故B正确。11.B:主旨题。通读全文，文章主要讨论了由于全球变暖，北极地区正在发生的显著环境变化及其影响，如海冰融化、永久冻土融化、生物多样性受影响等。选项B“由于全球变暖，北极地区正在发生的环境变化”最准确地概括了文章主旨。A“北极旅游的经济效益”未在文中提及。C“北极探索的历史”未在文中提及。D“北极原住民的文化传统”未在文中作为主要讨论点。E“北极资源的全球能源需求潜力”未在文中重点讨论。12.B:词汇题。根据上下文，“Arcticamplification”描述的是北极地区变暖的速度比地球上其他地方更快。A“北极旅游活动的增加”不符。B“北极地区变暖的速度比地球上其他地方更快”符合语境。C“北极音乐厅的声波放大”不符。D“冬季海冰的放大”不符。E“永久冻土稳定性的放大”不符。故B为最佳答案。13.B:细节题。根据第二段，“Thelossofseaicehabitatforcestheseanimalstoadapttonewconditionsorfaceincreasedrisksofstarvationandpopulationdecline.”指出海冰habitat（栖息地）的丧失迫使这些动物适应新条件，或者面临饥饿和种群数量下降的风险。A“它们可能会在开阔水域找到新的狩猎场”不符。B“它们可能会面临饥饿和种群数量下降的风险”符合文意。C“它们可能会发展出更厚的皮毛以适应更高的温度”不符。D“它们可能会在夏季迁移到较低的纬度”不符。E“它们可能会因为海洋生物多样性增加而获得更多鱼类”不符。故B正确。14.C:词汇题。根据上下文，“TherapiddeclineinseaiceextentandthicknessisoneofthemostvisibleimpactsofArcticwarming.”指出海冰快速减少和变薄是最明显的impact（影响）。A“增加”与文意相反。B“下降”不符。C“一系列连锁反应”符合语境，指一系列后续影响。D“积累”不符。E“下降”不符。故C为最佳答案。15.B:细节题。根据第二段，“permafrostbeginstothaw,releasinggreenhousegaseslikemethaneandcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere.”指出永久冻土开始解冻，会向大气中释放甲烷和二氧化碳等温室气体。A“增加冻结土壤的量”与文意相反。B“向大气中释放温室气体，可能加速全球变暖”符合文意。C“改善北极的农业条件”不符。D“增强北极基础设施的稳定性”不符。E“由于温度更低而导致甲烷排放减少”不符。故B正确。16.B:词