高考英语3一轮复习 500词汇表达 阅读训练（DAY 9）含答案解析

2022高考英语3500词汇表达+阅读训练（DAY9）

目录内容

SectionA高频词汇讲解以及短语表达

SectionB阅读理解强化训练

SectionC七选五综合练习

SectionA高频词汇讲解以及短语表达

1：foundervi.失败；沉没；倒塌；变跛

vt.破坏；使摔倒；垮掉

n.创始人；建立者；翻沙工

2.republicn.共和国；共和政体

3.presidentn.校长；总统；总裁；董事长

常用短语：

vicepresident副总统；副校长

deadpresident美钞（印有已故总统头像）

4.qualityn.质量，品质；才能,

adj.优质的；上流社会的

相关词汇：

qualifiedadj.有资格的

qualitativeadj.性质上的，定性的

qualificationn.资格，条件，限制，限定，赋予资格

qualifyv.［使］具有资格，证明合格

常用短语：

qualityeducation素质教育

qualityassurance质量保证

5.cometo苏醒；到达；共计；突然想起

相关短语：

whenitcomesto谈论到；涉及到

comeup走近；出现；发生；上来

comearound苏醒；顺便来访；来访;复原

comedownF来；下降；落；倒下

comeacross偶然遇见；遇见；碰到；遇见或发现

comeround来访；绕道；恢复知觉；苏醒

comeforth涌现；出来;出现；向前

comeinto得到；进入；继承；获得

6：powern.［机］动力，功率；力量；政权，权力；强国，大国

vt.运转；用发动机发动；使……有力量

vi.靠动力行进；快速行进

adj.权力的；机械能的，电动的；用电力（或动力）发动的

7.generousadj.慷慨的，大方的：宽容的：大量的

常用短语：

begenerouswith用...很大方

begenerousin乐于...

8.lawyern.律师；法学家

9.bewillingto乐意，愿意

10.selflesslyadv.无私地；忘我地

相关词汇：

unselfishlyadv.无私地

impartiallyadv.公平地；公正无私地

11.turnto转向；变成；求助于；致力于；开始行动

相关短语：

turnoff关掉；关上；关；拐弯

turnup开大；出现;来到；找到

（urndown关小;调低;拒绝；调小

turnover移交；翻过来；仔细考虑;翻身

turnback回来；折回；翻过来；往I可走

turnaround转身;转向；转过身;转圈

12.feen.费用；酬金；小费

Vt.付费给……

词语辨析•：这组词都有“工资、收入”的意思

fee指提供某种服务收取的固定费用。

earnings多指通过劳动或投资等手段所得到的收入。

wage多用复数形式，指按小时、日或星期的报酬，通常指体力劳动者的工资。

allowance指收入中的补贴部分。

income与earnings含义很相近，但前者强调总收入。

pay是个通用词，可取代salary与wage.

salary指按年定下，按月或星期平均给予的报酬，指脑力劳动者的薪水。

13.legaladj.法律的；合法的；法定的；依照法律的

14.guidancen.指导，引导；领导

常用用语

undertheguidanceof在...的指引下

相关词汇：

guidedadj.有指导的；有向导的

guiden,指南；向导;入门书

guidelinen.指导方针

guidebookn.旅行指南；指导手册

guidevt.引导；带领；操纵vi.担任向导

15.opinionn.意见；主张

常用短^吾：

intheopinionof据...的见解

inmyopinion依我看来，在我看来

16.uulufwurk失业

17.educatevt.教育；培养；训练

vi.教育;训练

18.mankindn.人类；男性

19.equaladj.平等的；相等的；胜任的

vt.等于；比得上n.对手；匹敌；同辈；相等的事物

常用短语：

equalto相等；胜任；相同；敌得过

theequalof与...相等；和....匹敌

equalfooting平等地位

20.devotevt.致力于；奉献

常用短语：

devote(o将……奉献给;把……专用于

devotespirit奉献精祖

devoteinto投身

21.unfairadj.不公平的，不公正的

22.antiadj.反对的n.反对者，反对论者

23.setup建立：准备：安排：引起

24.YouthLeague青年联盟

25.voten.投票，选举；选票；得票数

vt.提议，使投票；投票决定；公认

vi.选举，投票

相关短语：

votefor投票赞成

voteon就...表决

votein投票选出

voleagainst投票反对

castavote投票

puttothevote付诸表决

caslingvole决定票；决定性票

26.peacefuladj.和平的；爱好和平的；安静的；平静的

27.principlen.原理，原则；本质；根源

SectionB阅读理解强化训练

Passage1

IwenttoaNewYorkMetsfantasycampin1991,anincredibleexperience.!wasfortunateto

beonateamwhosepitchingcoachwasMelStottlemyre.theformerYankeesstarpitcher(投手)

andMetsandYankeescoach.IwassaddenedwhenMcldiedofcomplicationsofmultiple

myelomaonJan.13atage77.

Hewaswarm,friendlyandtreatedusasifweweremajorleaguers.HeaskedmewhetherI

wouldliketopitchandproceededtodemonstratehowtothrowa“two-seam”,afastballthattends

tosink,aswellasastraightfour-seamfastball.Iknewprettyquicklythatpitchingwasnotfor

me.Atage45,myexperienceinorganizedbaseballwaslimitedtoacoupleofyearsinLittle

LeagueintheBronx,andsoftballgamesasanadult.MeleventuallylefttheMetsandbecamethe

pitchingcoachfortheYankees.Ifollowedhiscareerandknewabouthisdiagnosiswithmultiple

myeloma,abloodcancer,inApril2(X)(),andastemcelltransplant.

Inthesummerof2002.1wasdiagnosedwithmultiplemyelomaandwastoldthatIneededa

stemcelltransplantbythesamegroupofdoctorsatMemorialSloanKetteringCancerCenterthat

hadtreatedMel.

Thisdevastatedme,andfrankly,!becamequitedepressed.!vowedthatsomehowIwouldtry

tospeaktoMel.Oneday,myphonerang.MclwascallingfromtheYankeelockerroom.Iaskedhim

totellmeeverythingabouthistreatment.Hespent30minutesgenerouslyexplainingailthe

details.Ihungoneveryword.Hetoldmehowwellhewasfeelingandendedtheconversationby

givingmehishomephonenumber!”Ifeelgreat,andI'mnotretiring,Mhetoldme.

Thisincredibleexperienceliftedmyspirits.EverylimeIsawMelduringgamesonTVasI

awaitedmytransplant,!repeatedtomyself,“LookatMel.Ifhecandoit,socanI.”

1.WhydidtheauthorsayhewasluckyinParagraph1?

A.Hejoinedafamous:cam.

B.Hcmclanunusualuuauh.

C.Hewassuccessfullycured.

D.Hewaschosenasapitcher.

2,Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor?

A.Hewasnotskilledinpitching.

B.Hehasbeenabaseballplayer.

C.HecalledMelforhistreatment.

D.HeforgotwhatMelhadtoldhim.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“devastated"inParagraph4probablyreferto?

A.Thrillcdbutinspired.

B.Ruinedbutrescued.

C.Excitedandrelieved.

D.Shockedandupset.

4.Whatmadetheauthorconfidentinhistransplant?

A.Thesamedoctors5treatinghim.

B.Hisdeterminationofneverretiring.

C.Mel'sexperienceandencouragement.

D.Hisexperienceofdefeatingthedisease.

Passage2

IdidsomeresearchandexaminedhowBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishchanged

betweenthe1930sandthe2000s.Takespelling,forexample—towards(he1960sitlookedlike

theUKwasgoinginthedirectionofnotusingthe"u"in"colour“andwriting“centre”as

“center”.Butsincethen,theBritishhavebecomemoreconfidentinsomeoftheirownspellings.In

the2000s,theUKusedanAmericanspellingchoiceabout11%ofthetimewhileAmericansusea

Britishoneabout10%ofthetime.ThereisalsononeedtoworrytoomuchaboutAmerican

words,suchas“vacation”,“liquor”and“lawmaker”enteringBritishEnglish.Thereareafew

examplesof(hiskindofvocabularychangebuttheyaremostlyuncommonwordsandarenot

likelytochangeBritishEnglishtoomuch.TheBritisharestillusing“mum”ratherthan“mom”

and"petrol"ratherthan“gas”.

Butwhenwestartthinkingoflanguagemoreintermsofstylethanvocabularyorspeling,a

diflcrcnlpictureappears.SonicofLhcbiggertrendsinAmericanEnglisharcmovingtowardsa

freeruseoflanguage.Americansentencesarconaverageonewordshorterin2006thantheywere

in1931.

Americansalsousealotmoreapostrophes(撇号)intheirwritingthantheyusedlo.which

hastheeffectofturningthetwowords"donot"intothesingle"don'「."Thehandoftheking”

becomestheshorter“Theking'shand”.

However,inallthesewaysBritsarechangingtoo—andinthesamewayas

Americans.They'rejustabout30yearsbehindthetrendthatAmericansseemtobeleading.

Sothisraisesaquestion,isBritishEnglishactivelyfollowingAmericanEnglishoristhis

somethingthatissimplyanaturaltrendinlanguageuse?PerhapstheBritishwouldhavegonein

thatdirectionevenifAmericahadneverbeendiscovered?I'dliketoagreewiththeseconcidea

butbecauseofthefactihaiBritishpeoplelearnplentyofAmericanlanguagethroughdifferent

ways,Ithinkthefirstismorecorrect.

1.WhatdidtheBritishdointhe1960s?

A.TheyusedsomeAmericanspellings.

B.Thcybuiltupconfidenceintheirlanguage.

C.Theydidresearchonlanguagedifferences.

D.Theywentinthedirectionofharderspellings.

2.Whatdoestheauthortrytoshowbyusingexampleslike“petrol”？

A.BritishEnglishhaschangedalot.

B.Sonieuncommonwordsareusedlessoften.

C.AmericanwordsareenteringBritishEnglish.

0.Americanspellingwon'tchangeBritishEnglishtoomuch.

3.WhichofthefollowingisatrendofAmericanEnglish?

A.Itisusingshorterwords.

B.Itisturningtopropergrammar.

C.Itistryinglomakesentencessimpler.

D.Itisavoidingusingapostrophes.

4.Whichofthefollowingistheauthor'sopinionaboutthelanguages?

A.AiiieriuanEnglishisgoingthewrungway.

B.BritishEnglishisfollowingAmericanEnglish'sexample.

C.AmericanEnglishisborrowingalotfromBritishEnglish.

D.Languageswouldn'tchangemuchifAmericawasnotdiscovered.

SectionC七选五综合练习

Passage3

Icecreamiscertainlytheworld'sfavouritedessert.1Ofallthepeopleacrossthe

world.moreicecreamiseateninAustraliathaninanyothercountry:16.6litresperpersonper

year.

AformoficecreamwaseateninChinaabout4,000yearsago.2

IcecreamwasbroughttoEuropeinthe16thcentury,butatthattimeonlythesuper-rich

couldaffordit.When(heItalianprincessCatherinedeMedicimarried(hefutureKingHenry11of

Francein1533,adifferentkindoficecreamwasservedeverydayforamonth!3

IcecreamwasintroducedtoAmericainthe1700s,butmostlyenjoyedbythewealthy.Around

1800,specialicehouseswereinventedandicecreambecameanAmericanindustry.4In

1946,theyatemorethan20litresoficccreamperperson.

Theworld'smostpopularflavorisvanilla(香草),whichwasproducedfromvanilla

beans.80%oftheworld'svanillabeansgrewontheislandofMadagascar,offtheeastcoastof

Africa.5Andofall(hedaysoftheweek,mosticecreamisboughtonSunday!

A.Themostfavouritetoppingischocolate.

B.Itwasmadeofmilk,rice,fruitandsnow!

C.Morethan90percentoftheUSfamiliesbuydessert.

0.Californiaproducesmoreicecreamthananyotherstate.

E.AmericanscelebratedthevictoryofWWIIwithicecream.

F.InEuropealone,abou(€lIbillionayearisspentonicecream.

G.Icecreamdidn'tbecomeavailabletothegeneralpopulationinFranceuntil1660.

参考答案

Passage1

1.B根据文章首段可知，作者觉得很幸运的是遇到了教练Mel,并且这位教练对他后来

的生活都带来了很大的影响。

2.A根据文章第二段的内容,尤其是“Iknewprettyquicklythatpitchingwasnotforme.”

可知，作者很快就知道自己不适做合棒球投球手。故选A项。

3.D根据上文可知，作者被告知得了血癌并且要进行细胞移植;而本句后面作者也坦率

地说自己非常沮丧。因此可知，这个消息让作者很是震惊，难以接受，并且伤心不安。

4.C根据最后一段可知，作者精神好起来并且期待着细胞移植的到来,这都是得益于

Mel教练打来电话，解释此种病的治疗情况，并给作者鼓励。故选C项。

Passage2

1.A细节理解题。由