2026年福建省人教版高中英语第8章词汇练习题

2026年福建省人教版高中英语第8章词汇练习题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.The8thchapterofthe2026FujianProvinceRenjiaobanseniorhighschoolEnglishtextbookfocusesonvocabularyrelatedto______,whichisessentialforstudentstomasterthecoreconceptsoftheunit.A.dailycommunicationandsocialinteractionsB.advancedscientificresearchandtechnologicalinnovationC.historicaleventsandculturalheritageD.economicdevelopmentandinternationaltrade解析：本题考查第8章词汇主题范围。根据人教版高中英语教材编排逻辑，第8章通常围绕生活化、实用性话题展开，如社交、旅行、环保等。选项A“日常交流与社会互动”最符合教材特点，而B“科研创新”、C“历史文化”、D“经济发展”均属于非典型词汇主题，教材中较少以这些作为核心词汇单元。干扰项B、C、D通过引入专业领域词汇（scientificresearch、historicalevents、economicdevelopment）制造迷惑性，但实际教材更侧重基础词汇应用，故A为正确答案。2.Whenlearningtheunit,studentsshouldpayspecialattentiontothecollocationofwordssuchas"takemeasures"and"makeprogress,"whicharefrequentlyusedin______contexts.A.scientificexperimentsandlaboratoryworkB.environmentalprotectionandsustainabilityC.personaldevelopmentandself-improvementD.politicaldebatesandinternationalrelations解析：本题考查词汇搭配能力。教材第8章常涉及“采取措施”“取得进展”等实用表达，多用于描述行动计划或成果，如环保倡议（takemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment）、学习计划（makeprogressinstudies）。选项A“科学实验”搭配较少见（如conductexperiments），B“环境保护”中“takemeasures”适用但“makeprogress”更偏向个人领域，D“国际关系”中“makeprogress”可能但“takemeasures”较少。C“个人成长”最符合该类搭配的典型语境，故C为正确答案。3.Thephrase"awiderangeof"isoftenusedtodescribe______,emphasizingthediversityandbreadthofthesubjectmatter.A.geographicallocationsandtraveldestinationsB.musicalgenresandartisticstylesC.scientifictheoriesandexperimentalresultsD.technologicaladvancementsandindustrialinnovations解析：本题考查词汇辨析。教材第8章中“awiderangeof”常用于描述多样性场景，如“awiderangeofactivities”（多种活动）、“awiderangeofopinions”（不同观点）。选项A“地理地点”可能用但“awiderangeof”更强调种类丰富，C“科学理论”搭配较少，D“技术进步”中“awiderangeof”适用但更偏向专业领域。B“音乐流派”最符合教材中生活化、多元化话题的描述习惯，故B为正确答案。4.Theword"beneficial"istypicallyusedtodescribesomethingthat______,highlightingitspositiveimpactonpeople'slives.A.causesharmordiscomfortB.requiresconstantattentionandeffortC.improveshealthorwell-beingD.leadstofinanciallossorinstability解析：本题考查词汇语义理解。教材第8章中“beneficial”多用于积极语境，如“beneficialexercise”（有益运动）、“beneficialadvice”（有益建议）。选项A“造成伤害”与词义相反，B“需要关注”搭配不当，D“导致经济损失”与“beneficial”矛盾。C“改善健康”最符合教材中强调健康生活方式、积极行为的教学目标，故C为正确答案。5.Theexpression"setanexample"iscommonlyusedin______toencourageotherstofollowapositivebehavior.A.scientificresearchpapersandacademicjournalsB.businessmeetingsandcorporatepresentationsC.educationalsettingsandclassroomdiscussionsD.politicalspeechesandpubliccampaigns解析：本题考查词汇应用场景。教材第8章常通过“setanexample”传递道德教育意义，如“parentssettinganexamplefortheirchildren”（父母为孩子树立榜样）。选项A“科研论文”中较少使用，B“商务会议”中可能但更偏向专业术语，D“政治演讲”中“setanexample”适用但更强调政治性。C“教育环境”最符合教材中强调价值观、行为规范的导向，故C为正确答案。6.Thephrase"keepupwith"isoftenusedtodescribetheneedto______inarapidlychangingworld.A.maintainphysicalfitnessandhealthB.stayinformedaboutcurrenteventsC.completeacademicassignmentsontimeD.developnewtechnologicalskills解析：本题考查词汇动态用法。教材第8章中“keepupwith”多用于描述跟上时代变化，如“keepupwiththenews”（关注新闻）、“keepupwithfashiontrends”（跟上时尚潮流）。选项A“保持健康”搭配较少（如maintainfitness），C“按时完成作业”用“finish”更合适，D“发展新技能”中“keepupwith”适用但更偏向技术领域。B“了解时事”最符合教材中强调信息获取、社会参与的教学目标，故B为正确答案。7.Theword"persistent"isusedtodescribesomeonewho______,emphasizingtheirdeterminationandperseverance.A.givesupeasilyandlacksmotivationB.avoidschallengesandpreferscomfortC.continuestotrydespitedifficultiesD.becomesboredanddistractedquickly解析：本题考查词汇褒贬性。教材第8章中“persistent”多用于正面评价，如“apersistentlearner”（坚持学习的学者）、“persistentefforts”（不懈的努力）。选项A“轻易放弃”与词义相反，B“回避挑战”用“avoid”更合适，D“容易分心”用“easilydistracted”更准确。C“克服困难坚持”最符合教材中鼓励学生努力奋斗的教学理念，故C为正确答案。8.Theexpression"takeadvantageof"istypicallyusedin______todescribetheactofusingsomethingtoone'sbenefit.A.environmentalconservationandsustainabilityB.ethicalbusinesspracticesandcorporatesocialresponsibilityC.personaldevelopmentandskillenhancementD.politicalcampaignsandelectionstrategies解析：本题考查词汇伦理判断。教材第8章中“takeadvantageof”可能涉及中性或负面语境，如“takeadvantageofadiscount”（利用折扣）、“takeadvantageofothers”（占人便宜）。选项A“环保”中“takeadvantageof”适用但更强调资源利用，D“政治策略”中可能但更偏向权谋。B“商业伦理”中“takeadvantageof”需结合具体语境判断，C“个人成长”中“takeadvantageofopportunities”（抓住机会）最符合教材中强调积极利用资源的导向，故C为正确答案。9.Thephrase"asenseofaccomplishment"isoftenusedtodescribethefeelingof______aftercompletingadifficulttask.A.frustrationanddisappointmentB.confusionanduncertaintyC.prideandsatisfactionD.boredomandindifference解析：本题考查词汇情感色彩。教材第8章中“asenseofaccomplishment”多用于描述成功后的积极情绪，如“feelasenseofaccomplishmentafterpassingtheexam”（通过考试后感到成就感）。选项A“挫败感”与词义相反，B“困惑”用“confusion”更准确，D“冷漠”用“indifference”更合适。C“自豪感”最符合教材中鼓励学生追求目标的价值观，故C为正确答案。10.Theword"flexible"isusedtodescribesomethingthatcan______,adaptingtochangingcircumstancesorneeds.A.remainrigidandunchangingB.resistmodificationsoradjustmentsC.adapttonewsituationsorrequirementsD.causeconfusionormisunderstanding解析：本题考查词汇核心含义。教材第8章中“flexible”强调适应性，如“flexibleschedule”（灵活的时间表）、“flexibleapproach”（灵活的方法）。选项A“僵化不变”与词义相反，B“抵抗改变”用“resist”更合适，D“引起困惑”用“confuse”更准确。C“适应新情况”最符合教材中强调应变能力的教学目标，故C为正确答案。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Theunitemphasizestheimportanceof______indailylife,encouragingstudentstodevelopgoodhabitsandroutines.2.Whendiscussingenvironmentalissues,thephrase"playarole"isoftenusedtodescribethe______ofindividualsandcommunities.3.Theexpression"awiderangeof"issuitablefordescribing______,suchashobbies,interests,orskills.4.Toachievesuccess,oneshouldbe______,willingtotrynewmethodsandadjusttheirplansasneeded.5.Theword"beneficial"canbeusedtodescribeactivitiesthat______,suchasexerciseorreading.6.Ineducationalsettings,teachersoftenencouragestudentsto______,settingapositiveexamplefortheirpeers.7.Thephrase"keepupwith"isessentialforstudentswhowantto______intoday'sfast-pacedworld.8.Theword"persistent"isusedtopraisesomeonewho______,evenwhenfacedwithchallenges.9.Theexpression"takeadvantageof"canbeusedinapositivecontext,suchas______opportunitiestoimproveoneself.10.Thephrase"asenseofaccomplishment"isoftenfeltafter______,providingmotivationtocontinuestriving.解析：11.参考答案：goodtimemanagement解析：教材第8章常强调时间管理对生活的重要性，如“developgoodtimemanagementskills”（培养良好时间管理能力）。12.参考答案：contribution解析：环保话题中“playarole”多指个人或社区的作用，如“playaroleinprotectingtheenvironment”（参与环保）。13.参考答案：variousthings解析：教材中“awiderangeof”常用于描述多样性，如“awiderangeofsubjects”（各种科目）。14.参考答案：adaptive解析：成功需要适应性，如“beadaptiveinproblem-solving”（灵活解决问题）。15.参考答案：promotewell-being解析：“beneficialactivities”多指促进健康，如“beneficialformentalhealth”（有益心理健康）。16.参考答案：setagoodexample解析：教师常鼓励学生树立榜样，如“setagoodexampleforyoungerstudents”（为低年级学生树立榜样）。17.参考答案：stayinformed解析：“keepupwith”强调信息获取，如“keepupwithcurrentevents”（关注时事）。18.参考答案：doesnotgiveupeasily解析：“persistent”强调不放弃，如“doesnotgiveupeasilydespitefailures”（失败不放弃）。19.参考答案：takeadvantageoflearning解析：积极语境中“takeadvantageof”指利用学习机会，如“takeadvantageofonlinecourses”（利用在线课程）。20.参考答案：reachingagoal解析：“asenseofaccomplishment”常在达成目标后出现，如“reachingagoalaftermonthsofhardwork”（努力达成目标）。三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thephrase"setanexample"iscommonlyusedineducationalcontextstoencouragestudentstofollowpositivebehavior.2.Theword"beneficial"istypicallyusedtodescribeactivitiesthatcauseharmordiscomfort.3.Theexpression"keepupwith"isoftenusedtodescribetheneedtostayinformedaboutcurrentevents.4.Theword"persistent"isusedtodescribesomeonewhogivesupeasilyandlacksmotivation.5.Thephrase"awiderangeof"issuitablefordescribinglimitedornarrowoptions.6.Theexpression"takeadvantageof"istypicallyusedinanegativecontext,suchasexploitingothers.7.Theword"flexible"isusedtodescribesomethingthatremainsrigidandunchanging.8.Thephrase"asenseofaccomplishment"isoftenfeltaftercompletingadifficulttask.9.Theword"persistent"isusedtopraisesomeonewhocontinuestotrydespitedifficulties.10.Theexpression"keepupwith"isessentialforstudentswhowanttosucceedintheirstudies.解析：11.正确。解析：教材第8章常通过“setanexample”传递道德教育意义，如“parentssettinganexamplefortheirchildren”（父母为孩子树立榜样）。12.错误。解析：“beneficial”多用于积极语境，如“beneficialexercise”（有益运动），与题干描述相反。13.正确。解析：“keepupwith”强调信息获取，如“keepupwiththenews”（关注新闻）。14.错误。解析：“persistent”多用于正面评价，如“apersistentlearner”（坚持学习的学者），与题干描述相反。15.错误。解析：“awiderangeof”强调多样性，如“awiderangeofactivities”（多种活动），与题干描述相反。16.错误。解析：“takeadvantageof”可中性或负面，如“takeadvantageofadiscount”（利用折扣），与题干绝对化描述不符。17.错误。解析：“flexible”强调适应性，如“flexibleschedule”（灵活的时间表），与题干描述相反。18.正确。解析：“asenseofaccomplishment”常在达成目标后出现，如“reachingagoalaftermonthsofhardwork”（努力达成目标）。19.正确。解析：“persistent”强调不放弃，如“doesnotgiveupeasilydespitefailures”（失败不放弃）。20.正确。解析：“keepupwith”强调跟上学习进度，如“keepupwithlessons”（跟上课程）。四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthemeaningof"persistent"andprovideanexampleofhowitcanbeusedinasentencerelatedtopersonaldevelopment.2.Describethecontextinwhich"takeadvantageof"istypicallyusedandgiveanexampleofapositiveusage.3.Whyis"awiderangeof"ausefulphrasefordescribingoptionsorchoices?4.Howcan"keepupwith"beappliedinthecontextoflearningnewskillsortechnologies?5.Explainthedifferencebetween"beneficial"and"harmful"whendescribingactivities.6.Whyisitimportantforstudentsto"setanexample"intheirdailylives?7.Howcan"flexible"beusedtodescribeaperson'sapproachtoproblem-solving?8.Whatdoes"asenseofaccomplishment"feellike,andwhyisitsignificantforpersonalgrowth?参考答案及解析：9.参考答案：Persistentmeanscontinuingtotrydespitedifficulties.Example:"Shewaspersistentinhereffortstolearntheguitar,practicingeverydayevenwhenshefeltfrustrated."解析：教材第8章强调“persistent”指不放弃，如“apersistentlearner”（坚持学习的学者）。10.参考答案：Typicallyusedinpositivecontexts,suchas"takeadvantageofafreeworkshoptoimproveyourskills."解析：“takeadvantageof”可中性或负面，但教材中常强调利用机会，如“takeadvantageoflearningopportunities”（利用学习机会）。11.参考答案：Ithelpsemphasizethediversityandbreadthofoptions,suchas"awiderangeofhobbiestochoosefrom."解析：“awiderangeof”用于描述多样性，如“awiderangeofsubjects”（各种科目）。12.参考答案：Itencouragescontinuouslearning,suchas"keepupwiththelatesttechnologytostaycompetitive."解析：“keepupwith”强调跟上时代，如“keepupwithonlinecourses”（跟上在线课程）。13.参考答案："Beneficial"describesactivitiesthatpromotewell-being,while"harmful"describesthosethatcauseharm.解析：教材中“beneficial”多用于积极语境，如“beneficialexercise”（有益运动）。14.参考答案：Itpromotespositivebehaviorandsetsstandardsforothers,suchas"studentssettinganexamplebystudyingdiligently."解析：“setanexample”用于道德教育，如“parentssettinganexamplefortheirchildren”（父母为孩子树立榜样）。15.参考答案："Flexible"describessomeonewhoadaptstonewsituations,suchas"aflexibleapproachtoproblem-solvingallowsforcreativesolutions."解析：“flexible”强调适应性，如“flexibleschedule”（灵活的时间表）。16.参考答案：Itfeelslikeprideandsatisfactionafterachievingagoal,motivatingfurthereffort.解析：“asenseofaccomplishment”常在达成目标后出现，如“reachingagoalaftermonthsofhardwork”（努力达成目标）。五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.CaseStudy:AhighschoolstudentwantstoimprovetheirEnglishskillsbutstruggleswithvocabulary.Describehowtheycanusetheunit'svocabularytosetgoals,staymotivated,andtrackprogress.2.Scenario:Agroupoffriendsisplanningaschoolprojectonenvironmentalprotection.Howcantheyusephraseslike"playarole"and"takeadvantageof"todescribetheiractionsandresponsibilities?3.Application:Ateacherwantstoencouragestudentstodevelopgoodhabits.Howcantheyusethephrase"setanexample"inaclassroomsettingtomotivatestudents?4.Problem-Solving:Astudentneedstobalancestudyingandextracurricularactivities.Howcantheword"flexible"helpthemmanagetheirtimeeffectively?5.PersonalDevelopment:Describehowtheconceptof"asenseofaccomplishment"caninspireastudenttoovercomechallengesintheiracademicjourney.6.Real-WorldExample:Acompanyislaunchinganewproduct.Howcanthephrase"keepupwith"beusedtodescribetheimportanceofmarketresearchandcustomerfeedback?7.EthicalDilemma:Astudentfindsawalletfullofmoney.Shouldthey"takeadvantageof"thesituationbykeepingthemoney,orshouldtheydosomethingelse?Explainusingvocabularyfromtheunit.8.CreativeWriting:Writeashortparagraph(50-70words)usingatleastfivevocabularywordsfromtheunittodescribeascenariowheresomeone"persistent"achievestheirgoaldespiteobstacles.参考答案及解析：9.参考答案：Thestudentcansetgoalsusingvocabularylike"achieve"and"improve,"staymotivatedwith"persistentefforts,"andtrackprogresswith"keepupwith"dailypractice.解析：教材第8章强调目标设定、坚持和跟进，如“setgoals”（设定目标）、“persistentefforts”（不懈努力）、“keepupwithpractice”（跟进练习）。10.参考答案：Theycanuse"playarole"todescribeindividualresponsibilities,suchas"Everyoneplaysaroleinreducingwaste."And"takeadvantageof"todescribeopportunities,like"takeadvantageofrecyclingprograms."解析：教材中“playarole”用于描述作用，如“playaroleinprotectingtheenvironment”（参与环保）；“takeadvantageof”用于利用机会，如“takeadvantageoflearningopportunities”（利用学习机会）。11.参考答案：Theteachercansay,"Isetanexamplebycompletingmyhomeworkontime,soyoushouldtoo."Thisencouragesstudentstofollowpositivebehavior.解析：“setanexample”用于道德教育，如“parentssettinganexamplefortheirchildren”（父母为孩子树立榜样）。12.参考答案：Thestudentcanuse"flexible"toadapttheirschedule,suchas"aflexiblescheduleallowsmetobalancestudyandhobbies."解析：“flexible”强调适应性，如“flexibleschedule”（灵活的时间表）。13.参考答案：Thesenseofaccomplishmentafterovercomingchallengesmotivatesstudentstocontinuestriving,like"feelingproudafterpassingadifficultexam."解析：“asenseofaccomplishment”常在达成目标后出现，如“reachingagoalaftermonthsofhardwork”（努力达成目标）。14.参考答案：Thecompanyneedsto"keepupwith"markettrendstosucceed,suchas"keepupwithcustomerfeedbacktoimprovetheproduct."解析：“keepupwith”强调跟上时代，如“keepupwithonlinecourses”（跟上在线课程）。15.参考答案：Theyshouldnot"takeadvantageof"thesituationbykeepingthemoneybutshould"playarole"inreturningit,suchas"playingaroleinhelpingtheowner."解析：“takeadvantageof”可中性或负面，但教材中常强调道德行为，如“playaroleinprotectingtheenvironment”（参与环保）。16.参考答案：Despiteobstacles,shewaspersistentinhereffortstolearnthepiano."Persistentpractice"and"asenseofaccomplishment"helpedherfinallyperforminfrontofherfamily.解析：教材中“persistent”强调不放弃，如“apersistentlearner”（坚持学习的学者）；“asenseofaccomplishment”常在达成目标后出现，如“reachingagoalaftermonthsofhardwork”（努力达成目标）。【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.A2.C3.B4.C5.C6.B7.C8.C9.C10.C二、填空题1.goodtimemanagement2.contribution3.variousthings4.adaptive5.promotewell-being6.setagoodexample7.stayinformed8.doesnotgiveupeasily9.takeadvantageoflearning10.reachingagoal三、判断题1.正确2.错误3.正确4.错误5.错误6.错误7.错误8.正确9.正确10.正确四、简答题1.Persistentmeanscontinuingtotrydespitedifficulties.Example:"Shewaspersistentinhereffortstolearntheguitar,practicingeverydayevenwhenshefeltfrustrated."2.Typicallyusedinpositivecontexts,suchas"takeadvantageofafreeworkshoptoimproveyourskills."3.Ithelpsemphasizethediversityandbreadthofoptions,suchas"awiderangeofhobbiestochoosefrom."4.Itencouragescontinuouslearning,suchas"keep