2026年江苏省人教版初中英语上册第10单元语法练习

2026年江苏省人教版初中英语上册第10单元语法练习一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1.根据第10单元语法内容，选择下列句子中动词时态使用正确的一项。A.Sheoftengoestothelibrarybecausesheneedtostudyfortheexamlastweek.B.MybrotherwasplayingbasketballwhenIcallhimyesterdayevening.C.Theyhavefinishedtheirhomeworksincetheystartedat4PMyesterday.D.TheteachertoldusthatthestudentswillgotothemuseumnextSunday.解析：选项A中"need"应为"needed"，因为"because"引导的原因状语从句描述的是过去发生的动作；选项B中"call"应为"called"，因为"when"引导的时间状语从句描述的是过去发生的动作；选项C中"since"引导的时间状语从句应使用一般过去时，但主句"havefinished"为现在完成时，时态矛盾；选项D正确，"willgo"表示将来计划。第10单元重点考查一般过去时、现在完成时和一般将来时的区分，需结合时间状语从句判断。2.选择下列句子中冠词使用正确的一项。A.Iboughtabookintheshopyesterday,butIdidn’tfinditinterestingatall.B.Thereisanappleonthetable,butitisnotmine.C.Shegoestoschoolbybuseveryday,butshedidn’tgotothepartylastnight.D.Mysisterhasacar,andsheisdrivingitnow.解析：选项A中"theshop"正确，指特定商店；选项B中"anapple"正确，因为"a"用于辅音发音开头的单词；选项C中"theparty"错误，因为"lastnight"指过去发生的具体事件，应用不定冠词；选项D中"it"指代前文提到的"car"，无需重复冠词。第10单元强调冠词在特定语境（如过去事件、泛指名词）中的正确使用。3.选择下列句子中介词使用正确的一项。A.Theteacheraskedmetowaitforherattheschoolgatefortwohoursyesterday.B.Mybrotherisinterestedinplayingbasketballsincehestartedat5PMyesterday.C.Shewenttothelibrarywithherfriendbecauseshewantedtostudyforthetest.D.ThestudentswillgotothemuseumaftertheyfinishtheirhomeworknextSunday.解析：选项A中"fortwohours"表示持续时长，但"wait"为延续性动词，无需"at"；选项B中"since"应表示起始时间，但"started"为过去时，逻辑矛盾；选项C中"with"正确，表示伴随关系；选项D中"after"正确，表示先后顺序。第10单元重点考查"for/since"、"with/without"、"after/before"等介词的搭配。4.选择下列句子中代词使用正确的一项。A.Myfriendlendmehisbookyesterday,butIdidn’treturnityet.B.Shetoldmethatshewashappybecauseshegotagoodgradeintheexamlastweek.C.Theteachersaidthatthestudentsmustfinishtheirhomeworkbeforetheygotobedtonight.D.Mybrotherboughtagiftforme,butIdidn’tlikeitatall.解析：选项A中"lend"应为"lent"，且"it"指代"hisbook"需用宾格形式；选项B中"she"正确，指代主语；选项C中"they"指代"thestudents"，但主句时态为一般现在时，应改为"finish"而非"mustfinish"；选项D中"it"指代"gift"，但"like"为及物动词，需加宾语。第10单元强调代词在时态一致性和指代明确性方面的使用。5.选择下列句子中形容词比较级使用正确的一项。A.Thisbookismoreinterestingthanthatone,butIdidn’treaditcompletelyyesterday.B.Sheistallerthanherbrother,butshedidn’tgotothepartybecauseshewastired.C.ThetestwasmoredifficultthanIthought,butIdidn’tstudyhardenough.D.Mybrotherisolderthanme,buthedidn’thelpmewithmyhomeworklastnight.解析：选项A中"completely"为副词，修饰动词"read"；选项B中"tired"为形容词，但"because"引导的原因状语从句应使用一般过去时；选项C正确，"moredifficult"表示程度比较；选项D中"older"应为"olderthanme"，需明确比较对象。第10单元重点考查比较级在同级比较和最高级中的用法。6.选择下列句子中时态使用正确的一项。A.MysisterwascookingdinnerwhenIcallherlastnight.B.Theyhavefinishedtheirhomeworksincetheystartedat7PMyesterday.C.TheteachertoldusthatthestudentswillgotothemuseumnextSunday.D.Shewenttothelibrarybecausesheneedtostudyfortheexamlastweek.解析：选项A中"call"应为"called"，因为"when"引导的时间状语从句描述的是过去发生的动作；选项B中"since"引导的时间状语从句应使用一般过去时，但主句"havefinished"为现在完成时，时态矛盾；选项C正确，"willgo"表示将来计划；选项D中"need"应为"needed"，因为"because"引导的原因状语从句描述的是过去发生的动作。第10单元强调一般过去时、现在完成时和一般将来时的区分。7.选择下列句子中非谓语动词使用正确的一项。A.Isawaboywhoisplayingfootballintheparkyesterday.B.Shewenttothelibrarytostudyforthetestbecauseshewantedtopassit.C.Mybrotherboughtagiftformetogivetomysisterlastnight.D.Theteachertoldustofinishourhomeworkbeforewegotobedtonight.解析：选项A中"whoisplaying"为现在进行时，但"yesterday"表示过去时间，应改为"whowasplaying"；选项B中"tostudy"为不定式作目的状语，正确；选项C中"togive"为不定式作目的状语，但"lastnight"表示过去时间，应改为"togive"；选项D中"tofinish"为不定式作宾补，但主句时态为一般过去时，应改为"tofinish"。第10单元强调不定式、动名词和分词的用法区别。8.选择下列句子中连词使用正确的一项。A.Shewenttothelibrarybecauseshedidn’thavetimetostudyathomeyesterday.B.Mybrotheristallandheisgoodatbasketballsincehestartedat5PMyesterday.C.ThestudentswillgotothemuseumortheywillstayathomenextSunday.D.Ididn’tgotothepartybecauseIwastiredandIdidn’twanttogo.解析：选项A正确，"because"表示原因；选项B中"since"应表示起始时间，但"started"为过去时，逻辑矛盾；选项C中"or"表示选择关系，但前后主句时态不一致；选项D中第二个"and"重复，应改为"but"。第10单元强调"because/since"、"and/but"、"or/either...or"等连词的逻辑关系。9.选择下列句子中名词单复数使用正确的一项。A.Mysisterhastwobrother,andtheyarebothstudents.B.Thelibraryhasmanybook,andtheyareallinteresting.C.Sheboughtaflowerforherfriend,andshegaveittoheryesterday.D.Mybrotherhasacar,andhedrivesiteveryday.解析：选项A中"twobrother"应为"twobrothers"；选项B中"manybook"应为"manybooks"；选项C正确，"aflower"和"it"单数形式正确；选项D中"hedrives"主谓一致正确。第10单元强调可数名词单复数和不可数名词的用法。10.选择下列句子中固定搭配使用正确的一项。A.Sheisinterestedinplaybasketball,butshedidn’tgotothepartylastnight.B.Mybrotherisgoodatplaythepiano,buthedidn’tpracticeityesterday.C.Shewenttothelibrarytostudyforthetest,butshedidn’tfinishitcompletely.D.Mybrotherisinterestedinplaystheguitar,buthedidn’tgotothepartylastnight.解析：选项A中"playbasketball"应为"playingbasketball"；选项B中"playthepiano"正确；选项C中"finishitcompletely"正确；选项D中"playstheguitar"应为"playingtheguitar"。第10单元强调"beinterestedindoingsth"、"begoodatdoingsth"等固定搭配。二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）1.Mysister______(go)tothelibraryyesterdaybecauseshe______(have)alotofhomeworktodo.2.Theteachertoldusthatthestudents______(go)tothemuseumnextSunday,butthey______(finish)theirhomeworkfirst.3.She______(be)interestedinplayingbasketballsinceshe______(start)at5PMyesterday.4.Mybrother______(buy)agiftforme,butI______(notlike)itbecauseit______(be)notwhatIwanted.5.Thestudents______(have)atestlastweek,butthey______(study)hardenough.6.I______(see)aboywho______(play)footballintheparkyesterday.7.She______(go)tothelibrarytostudyforthetestbecauseshe______(want)topassit.8.Mybrother______(be)goodatplayingthepiano,buthe______(notpractice)ityesterday.9.Theteachertoldustofinishourhomeworkbeforewe______(go)tobedtonight.10.They______(go)tothemuseumnextSunday,orthey______(stay)athomeifit______(rain).三、判断题（每题2分，共20分）1.Shewenttothelibrarybecauseshedidn’thavetimetostudyathomeyesterday.(正确)2.Mybrotheristallerthanme,buthedidn’thelpmewithmyhomeworklastnight.(正确)3.ThetestwasmoredifficultthanIthought,butIdidn’tstudyhardenough.(正确)4.Sheisinterestedinplaybasketball,butshedidn’tgotothepartylastnight.(错误，应为"playing")5.Mybrotherisgoodatplaythepiano,buthedidn’tpracticeityesterday.(错误，应为"playing")6.ThestudentswillgotothemuseumortheywillstayathomenextSunday.(错误，应改为"and"或"if")7.Isawaboywhoisplayingfootballintheparkyesterday.(错误，应为"wasplaying")8.Sheboughtagiftforherfriend,andshegaveittoheryesterday.(正确)9.Mybrotherhasacar,andhedrivesiteveryday.(正确)10.They______(go)tothemuseumnextSunday,orthey______(stay)athomeifit______(rain).(错误，应改为"willgo"和"rains")四、简答题（每题2分，共16分）1.简述第10单元中一般过去时的用法和常见时间状语。2.解释第10单元中冠词"the"、"a/an"和"零冠词"的区分。3.说明第10单元中介词"for"、"since"、"with"和"without"的用法区别。4.分析第10单元中比较级形容词的构成和用法。5.阐述第10单元中非谓语动词不定式作目的状语和宾补的用法。6.比较第10单元中连词"because"、"since"和"so"的异同。7.讨论第10单元中可数名词单复数和不可数名词的用法。8.列举第10单元中常见的固定搭配并举例说明。五、应用题（每题4分，共24分）1.根据第10单元语法知识，将下列句子改写为一般过去时。-Shewillgotothelibrarytomorrow.-Theywillfinishtheirhomeworknextweek.-Hewillplaybasketballyesterdayevening.2.根据第10单元语法知识，将下列句子改写为现在完成时。-Shewenttothepartylastnight.-Theystartedtheirhomeworkat7PMyesterday.-Heboughtagiftformelastweek.3.根据第10单元语法知识，将下列句子改写为一般将来时。-ShewascookingdinnerwhenIcalledherlastnight.-Theyfinishedtheirhomeworksincetheystartedat5PMyesterday.-TheteachertoldusthatthestudentswouldgotothemuseumnextSunday.4.根据第10单元语法知识，将下列句子补充完整。-Ididn’tgototheparty______Iwastired.-Sheisinterestedin______tothepartylastnight.-Mybrotherisgoodat______thepiano,buthedidn’tpracticeityesterday.5.根据第10单元语法知识，将下列句子改写为比较级。-Thisbookisinteresting.-Sheistall.-Thetestisdifficult.6.根据第10单元语法知识，将下列句子补充完整。-Mysisterhastwo______,andtheyarebothstudents.-Thelibraryhasmany______,andtheyareallinteresting.-Sheboughta______forherfriend,andshegaveittoheryesterday.【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.D2.B3.C4.B5.C6.C7.B8.A9.D10.B解析：11.选项A、B、C时态错误，选项D正确。12.选项A、C、D冠词错误，选项B正确。13.选项A、B、D介词错误，选项C正确。14.选项A、C、D代词错误，选项B正确。15.选项A、B、D形容词比较级错误，选项C正确。16.选项A、B、C时态错误，选项D正确。17.选项A、B、D非谓语动词错误，选项C正确。18.选项A、B、D连词错误，选项C正确。19.选项A、B名词单复数错误，选项D正确。20.选项A、C、D固定搭配错误，选项B正确。二、填空题1.went,had2.willgo,finish3.was,started4.bought,didn’tlike,was5.had,didn’tstudy6.saw,wasplaying7.went,wanted8.is,didn’tpractice9.go10.willgo,willstay,rains三、判断题1.√2.√3.√4.×5.×6.×7.×8.√9.√10.×解析：11."play"应为"playing"。12