八年级下学期期末测试卷 （B卷·夯实基础）解析版

【牛津（广州，深圳，沈阳）版】八年级下学期期末测试卷（B卷·提升能力）学校：__________班级：__________姓名：_________考号：___________温馨提示：本试卷共分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，第Ⅰ卷为选择题；第Ⅱ卷为非选择题；满分为90分，考试时间为100分钟。第Ⅰ卷选择题一、语法选择（15分）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1-15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。JiangMengnanwasbornin1992inYizhang,Hunanprovince.Herworld___1___silentsinceshewas6monthsold,becauseherhearing___2___seriouslywhengivenmedicine.However,sheovercamemanydifficultiesandsucceededinstudyingatTsinghuaUniversity.___3___March3,2021,JiangMengnanreceivedtheawardofPersonTouchingChinafor2021.WhenJiangwasalittlekid,herparentsbeganteaching___4___toreadlips.They___5___taughtherhowtospeakbyputtingherhandsontheirthroats.Itwasaslow,hardprocess,___6___herparentsnevergaveupandJianglearnedtospeak.Whenshewas___7___,Jiangstudiedataprimaryschoollikemostcommonchildren.Shesaiditwasdifficultatfirst.Duringlessons,teacherswouldoftenwriteontheblackboard___8___theirbacktothestudents,soJiangfailedtoreadtheirlips.Shehadtocopydown___9___ontheblackboard.Afterclass,shestudiedhernotesalonesothatshe___10___keepupwithherclassmates.Herhardworkmadeheratopstudent.In2011,shegotintoJilinUniversitywith___11___excellentgrade.Aftergraduatingin2015,shewenton___12___computer-aideddrugdesignforahigherdegree.In2018,shecontinuedfurtherstudyatTsinghuaUniversity.“I___13___alwaysgratefulfortherespectI’vereceivedfrommyparents,teachersandfriends,”shesaid.“Theynevergivemespecialattentionformyimperfection,whichmeansI’veneverseenmyselfasdifferentfrom___14___.”Inthefuture,shewantstocontinuescientificresearchandcontribute___15___she’slearnedtodealwithproblemsoflifeandhealth.1.A.is B.was C.hasbeen D.havebeen2.A.damages B.isdamaged C.damaged D.wasdamaged3.A.In B.At C.On D.From4.A.she B.her C.hers D.herself5.A.also B.too C.either D.aswell6.A.and B.or C.but D.so7.A.enoughold B.enoughyoung C.oldenough D.youngenough8.A.with B.by C.without D.before9.A.something B.everything C.anything D.nothing10.A.need B.should C.could D.must11.A.an B.a C.the D./12.A.study B.studies C.studied D.studying13.A.is B.was C.am D.were14.A.other B.others C.another D.theother15.A.when B.where C.how D.what【答案】1.C2.D3.C4.B5.A6.C7.C8.A9.B10.C11.A12.D13.C14.B15.D【解析】本文主要介绍了失聪女孩江梦南的励志人生经历。1.句意：她的世界从6个月大时就沉默了，因为她的听力在服药后严重受损。is一般现在时；was一般过去时；hasbeen现在完成时，has是第三人称单数形式；havebeen现在完成时，have是原形。根据“sinceshewas6monthsold”可知用现在完成时，主语“Herworld”后用助动词has。故选C。2.句意：她的世界从6个月大时就沉默了，因为她的听力在服药后严重受损。damages一般现在时；isdamaged一般现在时的被动语态；damaged一般过去时；wasdamaged一般过去时的被动语态。根据“Herworld...silentsinceshewas6monthsold”可知用一般过去时，主语“herhearing”与动词damage之间是动宾关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。3.句意：2021年3月3日，江梦南获得了2021年“感动中国人物”奖。In后接年月等；At后接具体时刻等；On后接具体某一天等；From从。根据“March3,2021”可知在具体的2021年3月3日这一天，用介词On。故选C。4.句意：当江还是个孩子的时候，她的父母就开始教她读唇语。she她，人称代词主格；her她（的），人称代词宾格或形容词性物主代词；hers她的，名词性物主代词；herself她自己，反身代词。此处指父母教“她”读唇语，动词teaching后接人称代词宾格her。故选B。5.句意：他们还把她的手放在他们的喉咙上教她如何说话。also也，肯定句句中；too也，肯定句句末，有逗号隔开；either也，否定句句末；aswell也，句末，无逗号隔开。此空在句中，用also。故选A。6.句意：这是一个缓慢而艰难的过程，但她的父母从未放弃，她学会了说话。and和；or否则；but但是；so因此。“过程艰难”与“父母从未放弃”之间句意出现转折，用but连接表转折关系的并列句。故选C。7.句意：当她足够大的时候，她像大多数普通孩子一样上小学。enoughold错误搭配；enoughyoung错误搭配；oldenough年龄足够大；youngenough年龄足够小。enough置于形容词之后，根据“Jiangstudiedataprimaryschoollikemostcommonchildren”可知年龄足够大的时候去上学。故选C。8.句意：上课时，老师经常背对着学生在黑板上写字，所以江无法读懂他们的唇语。with和，用，有；by通过；without没有；before在……之前。根据“writeontheblackboard...theirbacktothestudents”可知是用后背对着学生，用with符合语境。故选A。9.句意：她必须把黑板上的所有东西都抄下来。something某事，某物；everything一切，所有；anything任何事物；nothing没有什么。根据“Duringlessons,teacherswouldoftenwriteontheblackboard...theirbacktothestudents,soJiangfailedtoreadtheirlips.Shehadtocopydown”可知读不了唇语，不得不把黑板上所有内容都记下。故选B。10.句意：下课后，她一个人复习笔记，以便能跟上同学。need需要；should应该；could能；must必须。根据“shestudiedhernotesalone”可知独自学习笔记是为了能够跟上同学的进度，用could符合语境。故选C。11.句意：在2011年，她以优异的成绩考入吉林大学。an不定冠词表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；a不定冠词表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词表特指；/不填。此处泛指“一个优异的成绩”，excellent以元音音素开头，其前用an。故选A。12.句意：2015年毕业后，她继续攻读计算机辅助药物设计专业。study动词原形；studies动词第三人称单数；studied动词过去式或过去分词；studying动名词或现在分词。goondoingsth.“继续做某事”，此处用动名词作宾语。故选D。13.句意：她说：“我一直很感激父母、老师和朋友对我的尊重。”isbe动词的第三人称单数形式；wasbe动词过去式的单数形式；am用于I后；wereare的过去式。根据“I’vereceived”可知用一般现在时，主语“I”后接be动词am。故选C。14.句意：他们从不因为我的不完美而特别关注我，这意味着我从未觉得自己与别人不同。other其他的，后接名词复数；others其他的人或物；another另一；theother两者中的另一个。根据“I’veneverseenmyselfasdifferentfrom...”可知没有把自己看得与其他人不一样，用others。故选B。15.句意：在未来，她想继续进行科学研究，并将她所学到的知识用于处理生命和健康问题。when什么时候；where在哪里；how如何；what什么。从句中“learned”后缺少宾语，此处用疑问代词what引导宾语从句。故选D。二、完形填空（10分）Mr.Jacksonwasourscienceteacher.Onthefirstdayofclass,hegaveusatalkaboutananimalcalledwampus.HetoldusthatthewampuslivedonearthmillionsofyearsagoduringtheIceAgeanddiedoutbecauseofthechangeofclimate(气候).Wealllistenedcarefullyandtook____16____ofeverythinghesaid.Laterwehadatest.Whentheexampaperwas___17___tome,Iwassurprisedandsad.Therewasabigred“×”througheachofmyanswers.Ifailed.Buthowcome?Anywayonthetestpaper,Ihad___18____whatMr.Jacksonsaidinclass.ThenIrealizedthatnoonepassedtheexamatall.Whathadhappened?“Verysimple.”Mr.Jacksonexplained.“Ihadmadeupallthatstoryaboutthewampus.Therehadneverbeenanysuchanimal,sotheinformationinyournoteswasnotcorrect.Doyouexpecttoget___19__marksforincorrectanswers?”Hearingthis,wefeltithardtounderstandsowewere___20____.Whatkindoftestwasthis?Whatkindofteacherwashe?Howcouldwebelievehegaveussomuchinformationaboutananimalthathadnotbeenthereatall?Howwasitpossibleforusstudentsto_____21___whattheteachertaughtus?“Thezerosonyourpaperswillbe_____22____inyourgradebooks,”hesaid.Andhedidit.Throughthisexperience,Mr.Jacksonhopedthatwewouldlearnsomething.Teachersandbooksarenotalways____23_____.Infact,nooneis.Hetoldusnottoletourmindgotosleep.Instead,weshouldkeepthinkingallthetimeandspeakupifwethinkthereare___24____inourteachers’wordsorinbooks.Weshoulddevelopthehabitofdoubting,andtheabilitytodecidebyourselves.Whataspecial____25___hegaveus!Iwillalwaysrememberit.16.A.books B.notes C.supports D.messages17.A.returned B.directed C.added D.arrived18.A.cutdown B.turneddown C.brokendown D.writtendown19.A.useful B.high C.exact D.low20.A.polite B.glad C.excited D.angry21.A.praise B.guard C.doubt D.reflect22.A.recorded B.described C.collected D.circled23.A.interesting B.right C.active D.silent24.A.decisions B.reasons C.points D.mistakes25.A.call B.promise C.honour D.lesson【答案】BADBDCABDD【解析】文主要通过老师一节课上故意给出错误的信息，而同学们自己没有质疑，紧接着进行一次考试，同学们以为考得好，但实际上所有人都没有及格的这样一次考试经历，说明了一个道理：教师和教科书并不总是正确的，遇到疑问时不要让我们的大脑进入睡眠状态而要大声说出来。教学生们如何成为一个好的学者。16.句意：我们都仔细地听着，把他说的每句话都做了笔记。books书籍；notes笔记；supports支持；messages信息。根据“took…ofeverythinghesaid”可知，此处构成takenotes短语，意为“做笔记”，故选B。17.句意：当试卷交还给我时，我既惊讶又难过。returned归还；directed指导；added增加；arrived到达。根据“therewasabigred"×"througheachofmyanswers”可知，是试卷发下来了，也就是归还给了我，故选A。18.句意：不管怎样，在试卷上，我已经把杰克逊先生在课堂上说的话记下来了。cutdown砍倒；turneddown拒绝；brokendown临时出故障；writtendown写下。根据“sotheinformationinyournoteswasnotcorrect”可知，在笔记中写下了杰克逊先生的话，故选D。19.句意：你期望用错误的答案得到高分吗？useful有用的；high高的；exact确切的；low低的。根据“Therehadneverbeenanysuchanimal,sotheinformationinyournoteswasnotcorrect.”可知，老师告诉的不是正确的，所以不会得到高分，故选B。20.句意：不用说，我们都很生气。polite礼貌的；glad高兴的；excited激动的；angry生气的。根据“Whatkindoftestwasthis?Whatkindofteacherwashe?”可知，学生们在抱怨考试和老师，所以都很生气，故选D。21.句意：我们学生怎么可能怀疑老师教给我们的东西呢？praise赞扬；guard保卫；doubt怀疑；reflect反射。根据“Howcouldwebelievehegaveussomuchinformationaboutananimalthathadnotbeenthereatall?”可知难以相信老师教的东西是不存在的，此前没有怀疑过老师。故选C。22.句意：他说：“你们试卷上的零分将会被记录在你的成绩表里。”recorded记录；described描述；collected收集；circled盘旋。根据“inyourgradebooks”可知，是零分的成绩将会被记录在成绩表里，故选A。23.句意：老师和书本并不总是正确的。interesting有趣的；right正确的；active主动的；silent安静的。根据上文“sotheinformationinyournoteswasnotcorrect”可知，这次经历告诉我们老师和书本并不总是“正确的”，故选B。24.句意：相反，如果我们认为老师的话或书中有错误，我们应该思考并大声地说出来。decision决定；reasons理由；points点；mistakes错误。根据“Instead,weshouldkeepthinkingallthetimeandspeakup”可知，如果老师的话有错误，我们应该大声说出来，故选D。25.句意：他给我们上了多么特别的一课啊！call电话；promise希望；honour尊敬；lesson功课，教训。通过对整篇文章的理解可知Mr.Jackson给学生们上了非常特殊的一课，这里是作者的总结感叹，故选D。三、阅读（共两节，满分45分）第一节阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATherearemanyclassical(古典的)culturesinChina.Allofthemhaveaverylonghistory.Hereweintroducefourofthem.ChineseHandwritingChinesehandwritingisaspecialarttoAsiancultures.Brushhandwritingismuchlovedaroundtheworld.WangXizhiisveryfamousforhishandwriting.HemadeagreatdifferencetothedevelopmentofChinesehandwriting.ChineseFolkMusicChinesefolkmusichasalonghistory.ItisconnectedwithChineseancientstories.Oneoftheclassics,Shijing,includessomefolksongsin15differentareasfromtheWestZhouDynastytotheSpringandAutumnPeriod.TraditionalChinesemusicalinstrumentsincludeguqin,guzheng,pipa,erhu,xiaoandsoon.ChinesePaintingChinesepaintingisoneoftheoldesttraditionalpaintingformsintheworld.MostoftheChinesepaintingsinancientChinaweredoneonpaperorsilk.TraditionalChinesepaintingincludesmountainsandwater,figures(人物),flowersandbirds.Thepaintingsshowdifferentfeaturesduringthedifferenthistoricalperiods.WeiqiWeiqi,calledyiinancientChina,isasmartboardgamebetweentwoplayerswithahistoryofover3,000years.Thegamecanbetreatedasthebeginningofallancientchessgames.26．The________isatraditionalChineseinstrument.A．guitar B．violin C．erhu27．Weiqiisaboardgameplayedby________.A．onlyoneplayerB．twoplayersC．threeplayers 28．Chineseclassicalcultures________.A．havealonghistory B．arepopularonlyinChinaC．arenotwelcomedbythehigherclasses 【答案】CBA【解析】本文是一篇图表应用文。主要介绍了中国四种非常经典的艺术文化：书法、民乐、油画以及围棋。26．细节理解题。根据第二个表格“TraditionalChinesemusicalinstrumentsincludeguqin,guzheng,pipa,erhu,xiaoandsoon.”可知提到了中国古乐器：古琴、古筝、琵琶、二胡以及箫。故选C。27．细节理解题。根据第四个表格“Weiqi,calledyiinancientChina,isasmartboardgamebetweentwoplayerswithahistoryofover3,000years.”可知围棋是由两名选手对弈的。故选B。28．推理判断题。根据文中第一段的介绍“Therearemanyclassical(古典的)culturesinChina.Allofthemhaveaverylonghistory.”可知中国的古典文化都有悠久的历史。故选A。B①Theword“zhiyin”,whichmeansclosefriends,comesfromthestoryofYuBoyaandZhongZiqiintheWarringStatesPeriod.②Boyawasgoodatplayingtheguqin.Oneday,hewasplayingmusiconhiswayhomeontheboat.ToBoya’ssurprise,Ziqi,awoodcutterwhohappenedtopassby,couldunderstandexactlywhathewantedtoexpressthroughhismusic.Afteralongtalk,theybecamegoodfriends.SinceBoyahadtoreturntohisstate,theyagreedtomeetagaininthefollowingyear.③Unfortunately,whengettingbacktovisitZiqi,Boyaheardthathisfriendhaddiedfromadisease（疾病）.BoyawassosadandinfrontofZiqi’stomb（墓）,heplayedagainthemusichehadplayedwhentheyfirstmet.Thefeelingofthemusicwassostrongthatitwasasiftheriversandthemountainswerecrying.Whenfinishingplaying,Boyabrokehisguqinintopieces.Fromthenon,Boyaneverplayedagain.④PeopleintheSongDynastybuilttheGuqinTaiinHanyangtothememoryofthedeepfriendshipbetweenBoyaandZiqi.Itbecameanimportantpartofthelocalculture.⑤Zhiyinculturehasnewdevelopmentinthenewperiod.ThefamousancientChineseclassical（古典的）musicpieceGaoshanLiushuiwasperformedduringtheG20SummitinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvincein2016.ThemusicalperformancenotonlyshowedthebeautyoftraditionalChineseculture,butalsoexpressedChina’swillingnesstodevelopitsfriendshipwithpeoplefromaroundtheworld.29．Fromparagraphs②-③,wecanknowthat_______.A．BoyaactuallyonlymetZiqionce B．BoyabrokehisdatewithZiqiatlastC．BoyaoftenplayedtheguqininmemoryofZiqi D．BoyaandZiqiwerebothgoodatplayingmusic30．Paragraph⑤ismainlyabout_______.A．thenewroleofzhiyinculture B．theimportanceofclassicalmusicC．thetraditionofGaoshanLiushui D．thefriendshipwithforeigncountries31．Whichofthefollowingcanbestshowthemainideaofthestory?A．Bothtogetherdobestofall. B．Atruefriendishardtofind.C．Oldfriendsandoldwinearebest. D．Afriendtoeverybodyisafriendtonobody.32．Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructure（结构）ofthepassage?A． B． C． D．【答案】AABB【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是战国时期的俞伯牙和钟子期知音难求的感人故事，如今，知音文化也在新时期的发展中有了新的作用。29．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Unfortunately,whengettingbacktovisitZiqi,Boyaheardthathisfriendhaddiedfromadisease（疾病）.”可知，当俞伯牙要再次拜访钟子期的时候，听闻他已经患病而亡，说明俞伯牙和钟子期事实上只有一面之缘。故选A。30．主旨大意题。根据第五段第一句可知“Zhiyinculturehasnewdevelopmentinthenewperiod.”知音文化在新时期已经有了新发展，说明第五段主要说明了知音文化在新时期起到新的作用。故选A。31．主旨大意题。纵观全文可知文章讲述的是俞伯牙痛失知音钟子期的感人故事，由此可悟出“知音难求”的道理。故本文的标题应是“知音难求”。故选B。32．篇章结构题。文章第一段由“知音”一词引出了俞伯牙和钟子期“知音难求”的典故，这一典故在第二段和第三段做了详细的叙述，第四段叙述了唐朝时期人们修建知音台来纪念这一故事，并使它成为当地的文化。第五段则说明了这一知音文化在新时代的新意义。因此选项B的篇章结构图符合题意。故选B。BChinahasacceptedwesternfashionandtechnologyasithasdevelopedtheseyears,butalotofyoungpeopleareturningtothepastfortheirclotheschoicesandputtingontraditional“hanfu”.Asthegovernmentencouragestherenaissance(复兴)oftraditionalculture,hunfuisgettingmoreandmorepopularwiththeteenagers.Everyyear,wecanenjoydifferenthanfushowsaroundthecities.TheseshowsbringusbacktotheHandynasty(汉朝).Welearnmoreaboutthehistory,cultureandbeautyfromthem.Hanfuhasn’tbeeninthesamestylesincetheHandynasty.However,thiskindofclotheshassomethingincommon.Theyallhavelargesoftrobes(袍子),withsleevesthathangdowntotheknees,sothehandscan’tbeseen.InmodernChina,thehanfuloversarefromhistoryfans,cartoonfanstoclothesfans.“Clothesarethebasicpartofculture,soboththetraditionalclothesandmodernclothesplaythesameroleinculture,”saidZhangJun,afamousreporter.“Ifthepeopleandthecountrydonotevenunderstandourtraditionalclothesordon’twearthem,howcanwetalkaboutotherimportantpartsofourculture?”33.Hanfuisgettingmoreandmorepopularwiththeteenagersbecause________.A.Chinahasacceptedwesternfashion B.ChinahasacceptedwesterntechnologyC.Chinahasdifferenthanfushows D.thegovernmentencouragestraditionalculture34.WhoarehanfuloversinChinanowadays?A.Historyfans, B.Cartoonfans. C.Clothesfans. D.Alloftheabove.35.AccordingtoZhungJun,hethinks________.A.clothesarenotthepartofculture B.it’snotnecessaryforustowearhanfuC.clotheshelpusunderstandourculturebetter D.hanfuisn’tsoimportantasmodernclothes36.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.HanfuandChineseculture. B.ThehistoryofHanfu.C.ThestylesofHanfu. D.Differenthanfushows.【答案】DDCA【解析】本文主要讲随着传统文化的复兴，汉服变得越来越受欢迎了，以及汉服的样子和所代表的文化意义。33.细节理解题。根据“Asthegovernmentencouragestherenaissanceoftraditionalculture,hunfuisgettingmoreandmorepopularwiththeteenagers.”可知汉服变得流行是因为政府对传统服饰复兴的鼓励。故选D。34.细节理解题。根据“InmodernChina,thehanfuloversarefromhistoryfans,cartoonfanstoclothesfans.”可知在现代中国，汉服爱好者从历史迷、卡通迷到服装迷。故选D。35.推理判断题。根据“Ifthepeopleandthecountrydonotevenunderstandourtraditionalclothesordon’twearthem,howcanwetalkaboutotherimportantpartsofourculture?”可推知，他认为衣服帮助我们更好地了解我们的文化。故选C。36.主旨大意题。本文主要讲随着传统文化的复兴，汉服变得越来越受欢迎了，以及汉服的样子和所代表的文化意义。故选A。DHumanssharetheearthwithdifferentkindsofwildlife.Humans,plantsandanimalsareconnectedanddependoneachother.Theyareallimportantpartsoftherichbiodiversity(生物多样性)oftheearth.However,manykindsofplantsoranimalsarebecomingendangeredoverthepastyearsbecauseofclimate(气候)changeandhumanactivities.Humansareoneofthemainreasonsforthis.AccordingtoareportbytheUnitedNationsin2019,theworld’spopulationhasdoubled(from3.7to7.6billion)inthepast50years.Humanshaveusedmorethanonethirdoftheworld’slandand75percentoffreshwater.Besides,somehumanactivitieslikecuttingdownforestsandpollutingriversalsodoharmtotheenvironment.Asaresult,therearefewerhabitats(栖息地)andnaturalresources(资源)availableforanimals,aswellasmorepollution.Todealwiththeproblem,manycountrieshavetakenaction.Asoneofthecountrieswiththerichestbiodiversityintheworld,Chinahastakenanactivepartinbiodiversityprotection.TheChinesegovernmenthasdevelopedlawstoprotectwildlifeandsetupabiodiversitymonitoring(监测)network.Ithasalsobuiltnaturereserves(保护区)withnationalparks.FromJanuary1,2019,thefirstlocallawaboutbiodiversityprotectionwasdevelopedinYunnanprovince.YunnanliesinthemountainsareaofSouthwestChinaanditistheareawiththerichestbiodiversityinChinaanditisalsothemostsuccessfulareainChina’sbiodiversityprotection.Forthisreason,in2021,COP15washeldinKunmingandwasagreatsuccess.BiodiversityprotectionrequireseffortsfromthewholeworldandChinaisnowplayingaleadingroleinprotectingbiodiversity,hopingtobuildagreenhomeforbothhumansandnature.36.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph1aboutthebiodiversityoftheearth?A.Humansliveontheearthandowntheearth.B.Thereisnoconnectionbetweenhumans,plantsandanimals.C.Humans,plantsandanimalsareallimportantpartsofbiodiversity.D.Thebiodiversityoftheearthismainlyinfluencedbyclimatechange.37.Whatcausedthefewerhabitatsandnaturalresourcesforanimals?A.Climatechange. B.Shortforfreshwater.C.Environmentpollution. D.Doubledpopulationandhumanactivities.38.WhatdidChinesegovernmentdotoprotectthebiodiversityoftheearthEXCEPT?A.Developlaws. B.Setupmonitoringnetwork.C.Buildnaturereserves. D.Plantreesandsavefreshwater.39.WhywasYunnanchosentoholdCOP15?A.BecauseitliesinthemountainsareaofsouthwestChina.B.Becauseitdevelopedthefirstlocallawaboutbiodiversityprotection.C.BecauseithastherichestbiodiversityinChinaanddoeswellinbiodiversityprotection.D.Becauseithasbuiltnaturereserveswithnationalpark.40.What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Chinaisworkingontheprotectionofbiodiversity.B.Helpsavetheendangeredanimals.C.China’snaturereserveswithnationalparks.D.Humanactivitiesdoharmtothebiodiversityoftheearth.【答案】36.C37.D38.D39.C40.A【解析】本文主要描述了野生动物目前的现状，造成这种现状的原因以及倡导人们行动起来改善现状。36.细节理解题。根据“Humans,plantsandanimalsareconnectedanddependoneachother.Theyareallimportantpartsoftherichbiodiversity(生物多样性)oftheearth.”可知，人、植物和动物是相互联系、相互依存的。它们都是地球丰富的生物多样性的重要组成部分。所以从第一段中我们可以知道人类、植物和动物都是生物多样性的重要组成部分。故选C。37.细节理解题。根据“Humanshaveusedmorethanonethirdoftheworld’slandand75percentoffreshwater.Besides,somehumanactivitieslikecuttingdownforestsandpollutingriversalsodoharmtotheenvironment.Asaresult,therearefewerhabitats(栖息地)andnaturalresources(资源)availableforanimals,aswellasmorepollution.”可知，人类已经使用了世界上超过三分之一的土地和75%的淡水；此外，一些人类活动，如砍伐森林和污染河流也对环境造成危害。结果，动物的栖息地和自然资源越来越少，污染也越来越严重。故选D。38.细节理解题。根据“TheChinesegovernmenthasdevelopedlawstoprotectwildlifeandsetupabiodiversitymonitoring(监测)network.Ithasalsobuiltnaturereserves(保护区)withnationalparks.”可知，中国政府已经制定了保护野生动物的法律，并建立了生物多样性监测网络，还建立了自然保护区和国家公园。故选D。39.细节理解题。根据“YunnanliesinthemountainsareaofSouthwestChinaanditistheareawiththerichestbiodiversityinChinaanditisalsothemostsuccessfulareainChina’sbiodiversityprotection.Forthisreason,in2021,COP15washeldinKunmingandwasagreatsuccess.”可知，云南地处中国西南山区，是中国生物多样性最丰富的地区，也是中国生物多样性保护最成功的地区，因此2021年在昆明举办了第十五届缔约方大会。故选C。40.最佳标题题。本文主要描述了野生动物目前的现状，造成这种现状的原因以及倡导人们行动起来改善现状。选项A“中国正在努力保护生物多样性”符合主题，故选A。第二节阅读填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）根据短文内容，将下面A---E五个句子分别填入文中空缺处，使得补全后的短文意思通顺，结构完整。WhenyoutravelinChengdu,nevermissthewonderfulface-changingatthelocalteahouses.Howmuchdoyouknowaboutthistraditionalskill?Let’slearnsomethingaboutit.____41____Anditisalsoaverylivelywaytoshowthethoughtsandfeelingsofdifferentcharactersoftheplay.Itiswidelybelievedthattheskillofface-changingcoulddatebacktoancienttimes.Toscareawaythedangerousanimalsandprotectthemselves,theancientpeoplepaintedtheirfacesindifferentcolors,makingthemselveslookfierce(凶猛的).____42____Generallyspeaking,therearethreekindsofskillsofface-changing,includingwiping(擦)theface,blowingthefaceandpullingtheface.____43____Beforeperformingtheskillofwipingtheface,theactorwillfirstspreadsomespecialpaintontheface.Thenhecouldchangethecolorofhisfaceinasecondbywipingit.Whentheactorsperformtheskillofblowingtheface,heblowsasmallboxfullofcosmeticpowders(化妆粉)whichisplacedonthestage.Andthenthepowdersareblowntohisface,changingthecolorintoanother.____44____Underthecoverofthedancingmovements,theactorpullseachpieceofthefacialmakeupswhichistiedwithathinthread(线).Theactormustdothemovementscarefullyandveryquickly.____45____ThiswashislatestGuinnessWorldrecord.Inaword,theskilloffacechangingisveryunique(独特的)andamazingintheartsofSichuanOpera.Doyoulikethistraditionalskill?A.Later,itdevelopedintoafamousartform.B.Theskillpullingthefaceismoredifficult.C.SichuanOperamasterPengDenghuaichanged14masksin25seconds.D.Face-changingisauniqueskillwhichiswidelyusedinSichuanOpera.E.Besides,breathingisanotherskillofface-changing,butfewpeopleknowit.【答案】41.D42.A43.E44.B45.C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍川剧中特殊的一种艺术形式——变脸。41.根据“Anditisalsoaverylivelywaytoshowthethoughtsandfeelingsofdifferentcharactersoftheplay.”可知，这也是一种非常生动的方式来表现剧中不同人物的思想和感情，此处介绍川剧，选项D“变脸是川剧中广泛使用的一种独特技艺”符合语境，故选D。42.根据“Itiswidelybelievedthattheskillofface-changingcoulddatebacktoancienttimes.”可知，人们普遍认为，变脸的技巧可以追溯到古代，空处应是介绍它的发展，选项A“后来，它发展成为一种著名的艺术形式”符合语境，故选A。43.根据“Generallyspeaking,therearethreekindsofskillsofface-changing,includingwiping(擦)theface,blowingthefaceandpullingtheface.”可知，变脸的技巧有三种，包括擦脸、吹脸、拉脸，此处与变脸有关，选项E“此外，呼吸是换脸的另一种技巧，但很少有人知道”符合语境，故选E。44.根据后句“Underthecoverofthedancingmovements,theactorpullseachpieceofthefacialmakeupswhichistiedwithathinthread(线).”可知，介绍的是拉脸这一技巧，选项B“拉脸的技巧比较难”符合语境，故选B。45.根据“Theactormustdothemovementscarefullyandveryquickly...ThiswashislatestGuinnessWorldrecord.”可知，此处介绍了一位川剧大师，选项C“川剧大师彭登怀在25秒内换了14个面具”符合语境，故选C。第2卷非选择题（共30分）短文填空（5分）Noonewantstolose.Weenjoythefeelingofbeingaw____46____.Butwealsoneedtolearnfromtheunsuccessfulexperiences.Duringthesportsmonthatourschool,alloftheclassesinGrade8playedvolleyballagainsteachother.Afterlosingoneofourgames,nooneinourclassfeltp____47____.Itwaslikebig,blackcloudshangingovertheclassroom.Someofusevenc____48____sadly.Iaskedmyself,“Howdidweletthishappen?”Theanswerwasclear.Ourplayerspractisedalot.Butduringthepracticetime,wedidn’tfindouttherightwaytodobetteru____49____thetwodaysbeforethesportsmonth.Iguessedthewaywepractiseddidn’thelpuswin.Soitmeantthatourpracticetimewaswasted.Also,weweretoonervoustofacethechallengefromtheotherteamwhilewewereplaying.Laterinthegame,wemadealotofmistakes.Thatwaswhywelostsomanypointsinthesecondround.Lifeisfullofunexpectedfailures.Sometimes,wearefightingwithourselves.Becauseofourwork,wewillwin.Andbecauseofourfaults,wewilllose.Weshouldfacethefactstofindoutwhywehavefailedbutitisuselesstofindane____50____forourfailure.So,justkeepgoingandtryingourbest,inarightway.【答案】46.winner47.pleased48.cried49.until50.excuse【解析】本文主要介绍了我们喜欢做一个获胜者的感觉，不喜欢失败的感觉，我们要正确面对失败。46.根据“Noonewantstolose.Weenjoythefeelingofbeinga…”及首字母提示可知，此处应是表达大家都不喜欢失败，都喜欢做一个获胜者的感觉，“获胜者”用名词winner来表达，前面的词语是不定冠词a，所以要用单数名词。故填(w)inner。47.根据“Afterlosingoneofourgames,nooneinourclassfelt…”及首字母提示可知，在输掉了我们中的一场比赛之后，我们班里没有人感到高兴。前面的词语是系动词felt,所以要用形容词pleased来填空。故填(p)leased。48.根据“Afterlosingoneofourgames,nooneinourclassfelt…Itwaslikebig,blackcloudshangingovertheclassroom.Someofuseven…sadly.”及首字母提示可知，此处表达输了比赛大家都很难受，甚至我们中的一些人甚至难过的哭了，用cry来表达；根据“was”可知，时态应用一般过去时。故填(c)ried。49.根据“…wedidn’tfindouttherightwaytodobetter…thetwodaysbeforethesportsmonth.”及首字母提示可知，此处表达直到比赛前两天我们才找到做的更改的办法，“直到……才……”用固定短语not...until...来表达。故填(u)ntil。50.根据“Weshouldfacethefactstofindoutwhywehavefailedbutitisuselesstofindan…forourfailure.”及首字母提示可知，此处表达失败了应勇于承认，为失败找借口是没有用处的，“借口”用excuse表达，前面的词语是不定冠词an，所以名词要用单数。故填(e)xcuse。第二节完成句子(5小题，共10分)51.你先完成作业再出去是明智的。________________________________youtofinishyourhomeworkbeforeyougooutside.【答案】Itiswiseof52.我们应该永远铭记中国的历史。TheChinesehistory________________________byusforever.【答案】shouldberemembered53.这些剪纸真是漂亮的艺术品啊！________________worksofartthesepapercuttingsare!【答案】Whatbeautiful54.我们的国家已经足够强大去面对