2026年高中英语高三上册第12单元语法填空题库

2026年高中英语高三上册第12单元语法填空题库一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.The12thunitofthe2026seniorhighschoolEnglishcurriculumfocusesonadvancedgrammarstructures,particularlytheperfectcontinuoustense.Whichsentencecorrectlyusesthistensetodescribeanongoingactionthatbeganinthepastandcontinuestothepresent?A.Shehaswrittenthreeessayssincelastmonth.B.Hewillfinishtheprojectbytomorrow.C.Theyhavebeenstudyingfortheexamfortwoweeks.D.Theteacherhadexplainedtheconceptwhenwearrived.Answer:CExplanation:Theperfectcontinuoustense("havebeenstudying")emphasizesanactioninprogresswithadurationfrompasttopresent.OptionAusesthepresentperfect,Bthefutureperfect,andDthepastperfect.OnlyCalignswiththeunit'sfocusoncontinuousprogress.2.Intheunit,studentslearntodifferentiatebetween"usedto"and"would".Whichsentencecorrectlyexpressesapasthabitorabilitythatnolongerexists?A.Shewouldplaythepianowhenshewasachild.B.Heusedtoswimeverymorning,butnowheprefersrunning.C.TheyusedtoliveinLondon,buttheymovedtoParislastyear.D.IwouldhelpyouifIhadmoretime.Answer:BExplanation:"Usedto"indicatesapasthabitthathasceased(e.g.,"swimeverymorning").OptionAdescribesapastability("wouldplay"),Capaststate("livedinLondon"),andDahypotheticalpresentaction.OnlyBfitstheunit'scontrastbetweenhabitualpastandpresentchange.3.Theunitintroducesmodalverbslike"must,""might,"and"needn't".Whichsentencecorrectlyexpressescertaintyaboutafutureevent?A.Youmightforgetthedeadlineifyoudon’twriteitdown.B.Shemusthavearrivedbynow.C.Theyneedn’twaitforus;we’llbelateanyway.D.Hecancalltheofficeifhehasquestions.Answer:BExplanation:"Must"conveysstrongcertaintyaboutapastorpresentactionaffectingthefuture("arrived").OptionAuses"might"forpossibility,C"needn’t"fornecessity,andD"can"forability.OnlyBmatchestheunit'sfocusonmodalcertainty.4.Theunitcoversrelativeclauses,includingdefiningandnon-definingtypes.Whichsentencecorrectlyusesadefiningrelativeclausetoprovideessentialinformation?A.ThebookthatIreadlastnightwasveryinteresting.B.Mysister,wholivesinNewYork,isvisitingusnextweek.C.Themanwhosecarwasstolenyesterdayisveryupset.D.Thestudentswhowereabsenttooknotesfromaclassmate.Answer:CExplanation:Adefiningrelativeclause(startingwith"whose")restrictsmeaning(e.g.,"Themanwhosecarwasstolen").OptionAisnon-defining("thatIread"),Bnon-defining("wholivesinNewYork"),andDdefiningbutmisphrased(shouldbe"whowereabsent").OnlyCalignswiththeunit'sgrammarfocus.5.Theunitemphasizespassivevoiceinformalwriting.Whichsentencecorrectlyusesthepassivevoicetohighlighttheactionratherthantheactor?A.Thecommitteewilldiscusstheproposaltomorrow.B.Theexperimentwasconductedbythestudentslastweek.C.Shehaswrittenthereportbecauseitwasdueyesterday.D.TheymustfinishtheprojectbeforenextFriday.Answer:BExplanation:Thepassivevoice("wasconducted")shiftsfocustotheaction("experiment")ratherthanthedoer("students").OptionAisactive,Cactive,andDactive.OnlyBmatchestheunit'spassivevoiceusage.6.Theunitintroducesreportedspeech,particularlychangesinpronounsandtenses.Whichsentencecorrectlytransformsthefollowingdirectspeechintoreportedspeech?"Hesaid,'Iamgoingtothelibrarytomorrow.'"A.Hesaidthathewasgoingtothelibrarythenextday.B.Hesaidthathegoestothelibrarytomorrow.C.Hesaidthathewillgotothelibrarytomorrow.D.Hesaidthathehasgonetothelibrarytomorrow.Answer:AExplanation:Reportedspeechrequirestensebackshift(presenttopast)andpronounchanges("I"→"he").OptionAcorrectlyshifts"amgoing"to"wasgoing"andchanges"tomorrow"to"thenextday."Bkeepsthepresenttense,Cusesfuture,andDusespresentperfect,allofwhichareincorrect.7.Theunitcoversconditionals,especiallysecondconditionalforhypotheticalsituations.Whichsentencecorrectlyexpressesapossiblefuturesituationanditslikelyresult?A.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic.B.Shewillpasstheexamunlessshestudieshard.C.Iftheyhadstudiedlastnight,theywouldhavepassed.D.Hemightmissthetrainifhedoesn’tleavesoon.Answer:AExplanation:Thesecondconditional("Ifitrains,wewillcancel")describesarealpossibility.OptionBusesafirstconditional("unless"),Cathirdconditional("hadstudied"),andDafirstconditionalwithmodal("mightmiss").OnlyAmatchestheunit'ssecondconditionalfocus.8.Theunitintroducesgerundsassubjectsorobjects.Whichsentencecorrectlyusesagerundtoexpressthesubjectofthesentence?A.Swimmingismyfavoritehobby.B.Sheenjoystoreadbooksinherfreetime.C.Eatingtoomuchsugarcancausehealthproblems.D.Heisinterestedonthetopicofclimatechange.Answer:AExplanation:Gerunds("swimming")functionassubjects.OptionBusestheinfinitive("toread"),Ctheinfinitive("toeat"),andDthepreposition"on"insteadof"in."OnlyAiscorrect.9.Theunitexplainsprepositionalphrases,includingtheiruseasadjectivesoradverbs.Whichsentencecorrectlyusesaprepositionalphrasetomodifyanoun?A.Thegirlwiththeredhairismysister.B.Hearrivedatthepartyontime.C.Shewenttothestoreforgroceries.D.TheyareinterestedinlearningSpanish.Answer:AExplanation:Theprepositionalphrase("withtheredhair")modifiesthenoun("girl").OptionBusesanadverbialphrase("ontime"),Caninfinitivephrase("forgroceries"),andDanadverbialphrase("inlearning").OnlyAmatchestheunit'sadjectivephrasefocus.10.Theunitcoversvocabularycollocations,particularlyverbswithnouns.Whichsentencecorrectlyusesacollocation?A.Shedecidedtotakeabreakforacoffee.B.Hemadeadecisionabouttheexamtomorrow.C.Theywillfinishtheprojectintwodays.D.Theteachergaveafeedbackontheassignment.Answer:AExplanation:"Takeabreakforacoffee"isanaturalcollocation.OptionBuses"decisionabout"(awkward),C"finishtheprojectin"(correctbutnotacollocation),andD"gavefeedbackon"(incorrect;"gavefeedbackto").OnlyAiscorrect.二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thecompany______(notfinish)thereportbyFriday,sothey______(ask)foranextension.Answer:willnotfinish/willaskExplanation:Thefuturenegative("willnotfinish")andfuturesimple("willask")matchtheunit'sperfectandfuturetenses.2.IfI______(have)moretime,I______(study)theentirechapterlastnight.Answer:had/wouldhavestudiedExplanation:Thethirdconditionalrequires"had+pastparticiple"and"wouldhave+pastparticiple."3.Theteachersaidthattheexam______(start)at9:00AM,butshe______(change)hermindlater.Answer:wouldstart/wouldchangeExplanation:Reportedspeechshifts"willstart"to"wouldstart"and"willchange"to"wouldchange."4.She______(notgo)tothepartyifshe______(feel)tiredtomorrow.Answer:won’tgo/feelsExplanation:Firstconditionaluses"if+presentsimple"and"will+baseverb."5.Thestudents______(discuss)theprojectforthreehourswhentheprincipal______(arrive).Answer:hadbeendiscussing/arrivedExplanation:Pastperfectcontinuous("hadbeendiscussing")andpastsimple("arrived")forsequence.6.You______(notneed)tobringanumbrellabecauseit______(notrain)allday.Answer:don’tneed/isn’trainingExplanation:Presentsimplenegationandpresentcontinuousforweather.7.Ifthey______(work)harder,they______(pass)thetestwithhighermarks.Answer:worked/wouldpassExplanation:Secondconditionalrequires"had+pastparticiple"and"would+baseverb."8.Themanagersaidthatthemeeting______(begin)at10:00,butit______(alreadystart)bythetimewegotthere.Answer:wouldbegin/hadalreadystartedExplanation:Reportedspeech("wouldbegin")andpastperfectcontinuous("hadalreadystarted").9.She______(notremember)hisnameunlessshe______(see)himagain.Answer:won’tremember/seesExplanation:Firstconditionalwith"unless+presentsimple"and"will+baseverb."10.Thecommittee______(notapprove)theproposalunlessit______(meet)alltherequirements.Answer:won’tapprove/meetsExplanation:Firstconditionalwith"unless+presentsimple"and"will+baseverb."三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thepassivevoiceisalwaysmoreformalthantheactivevoice.Answer:FalseExplanation:Whileoftenusedinformalwriting,theactivevoiceisnotinherentlymoreformal;itdependsoncontext.2."Usedto"and"would"canbeusedinterchangeablyinallsentences.Answer:FalseExplanation:"Usedto"emphasizespasthabits,while"would"expressespastabilityorhypotheticalsituations.3.Inreportedspeech,thetenseofthemainclausealwayschangestothepast.Answer:FalseExplanation:Onlydirectspeechinthepresenttenseshiftstopasttenseinreportedspeech.4.Thesecondconditionalisusedforrealfuturepossibilities.Answer:FalseExplanation:Thesecondconditionaldescribeshypotheticalfuturesituations,notrealones.5.Gerundscanneverfunctionasthesubjectofasentence.Answer:FalseExplanation:Gerunds("swimming")canbesubjects(e.g.,"Swimmingisfun").6.Allprepositionalphrasesmustcontainapreposition.Answer:TrueExplanation:Prepositionalphrasesaredefinedbyprepositions(e.g.,"inLondon").7.Collocationsarefixedwordpairsthatmustalwaysbeusedtogether.Answer:TrueExplanation:Collocations("takeabreak")areidiomaticandunnaturalifseparated.8.ThefutureperfectcontinuoustenseisrarelyusedinspokenEnglish.Answer:TrueExplanation:ItismorecommoninwrittenEnglishtodescribeongoingactionsbeforeafuturepoint.9.Thepassivevoicecannotbeusedinquestions.Answer:FalseExplanation:Passivevoiceisusedinquestions(e.g.,"Isthereportready?").10.Thethirdconditionalisusedforrealpastsituations.Answer:FalseExplanation:Thethirdconditionaldescribeshypotheticalpastsituations("IfIhadstudied,Iwouldhavepassed").四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"must"and"haveto"intermsofformalityandmeaning.Answer:"Must"ismoreformalandexpressesstrongpersonalobligation,while"haveto"islessformalandindicatesexternalnecessity.Forexample,"Youmustfinishthereport"(formal)vs."Youhavetofinishthereport"(common).2.Howdoesthestructureofadefiningrelativeclausedifferfromanon-definingone?Answer:Definingrelativeclauses(e.g.,"ThebookthatIreadwasinteresting")provideessentialinformationanddonotusecommas.Non-definingclauses(e.g.,"Mysister,wholivesinNewYork,isvisitingus")addextrainformationandaresetoffbycommas.3.Whyisthepassivevoiceoftenpreferredinformalacademicwriting?Answer:Thepassivevoicefocusesontheactionorobjectratherthantheactor,whichisidealinacademicwritingwheretheprocessorresultismoreimportantthanwhoperformedit(e.g.,"Theexperimentwasconducted").4.Describethepurposeofusinggerundsassubjectsinasentence.Answer:Gerunds("reading")actasnounsandallowthesentencetoavoidawkwardconstructionslike"Ienjoytoread."Forexample,"Readingisenjoyable"ismorenaturalthan"Ienjoytoread."5.Whatisthekeydifferencebetweenthefirstandsecondconditional?Answer:Thefirstconditional("Ifitrains,wewillcancel")describesrealorpossiblefuturesituations,whilethesecondconditional("Ifitrained,wewouldcancel")describeshypotheticalorunlikelyfuturesituations.6.Howdoesreportedspeechchangepronounsandtensescomparedtodirectspeech?Answer:Pronounsshift(e.g.,"I"→"he/she"),andpresenttensesbecomepasttenses(e.g.,"is"→"was").Forexample,"Hesaid,'Iamtired'"→"Hesaidthathewastired."7.WhyarecollocationsimportantinnaturalEnglishcommunication?Answer:Collocations("makeadecision,""takeabreak")soundmorenaturalthanunnaturalcombinations("doadecision").Usingcollocationsenhancesfluencyandprofessionalism.8.Whatisthestructureofthefutureperfectcontinuoustense,andwhenisitused?Answer:Thestructureis"willhavebeen+verb-ing"(e.g.,"Shewillhavebeenworkingfortenyears").Itemphasizesanactionthatwillcontinueuptoafuturepoint(e.g.,"By2026,shewillhavebeenteachingfor10years").五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingthepassivevoice:"Thestudentscompletedtheexperimentlastweek."Answer:Theexperimentwascompletedbythestudentslastweek.Explanation:Subject-verb-object→passiveobject-subject-verb.2.Transformthedirectspeechintoreportedspeech:"Shesaid,'Iwillcallyoutomorrow.'"Answer:Shesaidthatshewouldcallmethenextday.Explanation:Futuresimple("willcall")→"wouldcall";pronounchange("I"→"she").3.Completethesentencewiththecorrectformof"must"or"haveto":"You______finishtheassignmentbyFriday."Answer:mustExplanation:"Must"expressesstrongpersonalobligation,while"haveto"wouldbelessformal.4.Useagerundasthesubject:"______boring."Answer:WatchingTVExplanation:Gerunds("watching")actassubjects.5.Completethesentencewiththecorrectrelativeclause:"Theman______livesnextdoorismyneighbor."Answer:whoExplanation:Definingrelativeclauserequires"who"tomodify"man."6.Completethesentencewiththecorrectconditional:"IfI______moremoney,I______traveltheworld."Answer:had/wouldExplanation:Secondconditionalrequires"had+pastparticiple"and"would+baseverb."7.Completethesentencewiththecorrectprepositionalphrase:"Thebookisinteresting______page."Answer:oneveryExplanation:Prepositionalphrase("oneverypage")modifiesthenoun("book").8.Completethesentencewiththecorrectcollocation:"Shedecidedto______acoffeetorelax."Answer:takeExplanation:Collocation("takeabreakforacoffee").【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.C,2.B,3.B,4.C,5.B,6.A,7.A,8.A,9.A,10.AExplanation:Answersalignwiththeunit'sfocusonperfecttenses,modals,relativeclauses,passivevoice,reportedspeech,conditionals,gerunds,prepositionalphrases,andcollocations.二、填空题1.willnotfinish/willask,2.had/wouldhavestudied,3.wouldstart/wouldchange,4.won’tgo/feels,5.hadbeendiscussing/arrived,6.don’tneed/isn’training,7.worked/wouldpass,8.wouldbegin/hadalreadystarted,