2026年福建省部编版初中英语九年级下册第10单元语法填空专项题库

2026年福建省部编版初中英语九年级下册第10单元语法填空专项题库一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1.Mr.Lioftenasksusto_______theclassroombeforeclass,butthismorninghedidn’tmentionit.A.cleanupB.tocleanupC.cleaningupD.cleanedup参考答案：A解析：考查非谓语动词。asksb.todosth.意为“要求某人做某事”，固定搭配。选项B缺少助动词；C为动名词形式，不符合搭配；D为过去式，不符合语境。句意为“李先生经常要求我们在课前打扫教室，但今天早上他没有提到”。2.Thebook_______onthetablelastnightisveryinterestingandittellsusalotaboutspace.A.layB.laidC.lyingD.laidlying参考答案：C解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，“Thebook”是主语，“is”是谓语，“tellsusalotaboutspace”是宾语从句，空格处需填入修饰“thebook”的定语。lay为及物动词，需跟宾语；laid是过去式；lying是现在分词，表示主动或正在进行，符合语境。句意为“昨晚放在桌子上的那本书很有趣，它告诉我们很多关于太空的知识”。3.IfI_______you,Iwouldcallherimmediatelytoapologizeformymistake.A.amB.wereC.beD.ambeing参考答案：B解析：考查虚拟语气。if引导的非真实条件句中，表示与现在事实相反时，从句用一般过去式。主句用“would/could/might+动词原形”。根据主句“wouldcall”，从句需用一般过去式。选项A、C、D不符合语法。句意为“如果我是你，我会立刻给她打电话道歉”。4._______hardyoutry,youwon’tsucceedifyoudon’tfollowtherightmethod.A.NomatterhowB.NomatterwhatC.NomatterwhenD.Nomatterwhere参考答案：A解析：考查固定搭配。nomatterhow/what/when/where意为“无论怎样/什么/何时/何地”，引导让步状语从句。根据“hard”修饰“try”，应选择nomatterhow。句意为“无论你多么努力，如果你不遵循正确的方法，都不会成功”。5.TheteachertoldthestudentsthattheEarth_______aroundtheSun.A.goesB.wentC.hasgoneD.hadgone参考答案：A解析：考查时态。that引导宾语从句，从句时态应与主句一致。主句为一般过去时，但宾语从句描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。选项B为过去式；C为现在完成时；D为过去完成时，均不符合。句意为“老师告诉学生们地球绕着太阳转”。6.Mysisterisinterestedincollectingstamps,andso_______Iam.A.doB.isC.amD.are参考答案：C解析：考查倒装句。so/neither/nor引导的倒装句中，助动词/情态动词/be动词需与前面主句对应。前面主句为“is”，应用am。选项A、B、D不符合语法。句意为“我妹妹对收集邮票感兴趣，我也是”。7.Theboy_______livesnextdoorisagoodfriendofmine.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.whose参考答案：A解析：考查定语从句。先行词“boy”指人，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who。选项B作宾语；C指物或人；D作定语，均不符合。句意为“住在隔壁的那个男孩是我的好朋友”。8.It’simportantforustokeepa_______attitudetowardlearningandnevergiveup.A.patientB.patientlyC.patieningD.patiently参考答案：A解析：考查词性辨析。空格处需填入修饰“attitude”的形容词。patiently是副词；patiening是动名词；patiently和patiening不符合语法。句意为“保持一种耐心学习的态度对我们很重要”。9.Thecompanydecidedto_______theprojectbecauseitwastooexpensive.A.putupwithB.goonwithC.giveuponD.carryout参考答案：C解析：考查动词短语。putupwith意为“忍受”；goonwith意为“继续”；giveupon意为“放弃”；carryout意为“执行”。根据“tooexpensive”，应选择giveupon。句意为“由于太贵，公司决定放弃这个项目”。10.Thebook_______Iborrowedfromthelibraryisveryhelpfulformystudy.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.whom参考答案：A解析：考查定语从句。先行词“book”指物，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。选项B指物或人；C作定语；D作宾语，均不符合。句意为“我从图书馆借来的那本书对我的学习很有帮助”。二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1.IfyouwanttoimproveyourEnglish,youshould_______moreEnglishmovies.参考答案：watch解析：考查动词原形。wanttodosth.意为“想要做某事”，空格处需填入动词原形。句意为“如果你想提高英语，你应该多看英语电影”。2.Thegirl_______issittingoverthereismysister.参考答案：who解析：考查定语从句。先行词“girl”指人，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who。句意为“坐在那边的那个女孩是我的妹妹”。3.Heisthemost_______studentinourclass,sohealwaysgetsthehighestscores.参考答案：intelligent解析：考查形容词。most修饰形容词最高级。句意为“他是我们班最聪明的学生，所以总是得最高分”。4.Theteacheraskedusto_______ourhomeworkbeforethemeetingtomorrow.参考答案：finish解析：考查动词原形。asksb.todosth.意为“要求某人做某事”，空格处需填入动词原形。句意为“老师要求我们在明天会议前完成作业”。5.Ifit_______tomorrow,wewillgotothepark.参考答案：doesn’train解析：考查虚拟语气。if引导的非真实条件句中，表示与将来事实相反时，从句用一般过去式。主句用“should/would/could/might+动词原形”。根据主句“wewillgo”，从句需用一般过去式。句意为“如果明天不下雨，我们会去公园”。6.Theman_______Ispoketolastnightisafamouswriter.参考答案：who/that解析：考查定语从句。先行词“man”指人，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that。句意为“我昨晚与之交谈的那个人是一位著名作家”。7.Sheisinterestedin_______Chinesekitesbecausetheyareverybeautiful.参考答案：making解析：考查动名词。beinterestedindoingsth.意为“对做某事感兴趣”，空格处需填入动名词。句意为“她对中国风筝感兴趣，因为它们非常漂亮”。8.Thestudentsweresurprisedtoseetheteacher_______intheclassroom.参考答案：come解析：考查不定式。besurprisedtodosth.意为“对做某事感到惊讶”，空格处需填入不定式。句意为“学生们看到老师出现在教室里感到惊讶”。9.Itisimportantto_______agoodhabitbecauseitcanhelpyouimprove.参考答案：develop解析：考查动词原形。不定式作主语，空格处需填入动词原形。句意为“养成好习惯很重要，因为它可以帮助你进步”。10.Theboy_______livesnextdoorisverykindandheoftenhelpsothers.参考答案：who/that解析：考查定语从句。先行词“boy”指人，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that。句意为“住在隔壁的那个男孩非常友善，他经常帮助别人”。三、判断题（每题2分，共20分）1.Theteachertoldusthatthesun_______aroundtheEarth.(×)参考答案：×解析：时态错误。that引导宾语从句，从句时态应与主句一致。主句为一般过去时，但宾语从句描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。正确句：Theteachertoldusthatthesun_______aroundtheEarth.(goes)2.IfI_______you,Iwouldstudyharderfortheexam.(×)参考答案：×解析：主句时态错误。if引导的非真实条件句中，表示与现在事实相反时，主句用“would/could/might+动词原形”。根据从句“wouldstudy”，主句需用一般现在时。正确句：IfI_______you,Iwouldstudyharderfortheexam.(were)3.Thebook_______Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.(×)参考答案：×解析：定语从句错误。先行词“book”指物，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。正确句：Thebook_______Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.(which)4.Sheisinterestedin_______thepianobecauseshewantstobecomeamusician.(×)参考答案：×解析：动名词错误。beinterestedindoingsth.意为“对做某事感兴趣”，空格处需填入动名词。正确句：Sheisinterestedin_______thepianobecauseshewantstobecomeamusician.(playing)5.Theboy_______issittingoverthereismybrother.(×)参考答案：×解析：定语从句错误。先行词“boy”指人，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who。正确句：Theboy_______issittingoverthereismybrother.(who)6.Ifyou_______harder,youwillpasstheexam.(×)参考答案：×解析：从句时态错误。if引导的非真实条件句中，表示与现在事实相反时，从句用一般过去式。根据主句“willpass”，从句需用一般过去式。正确句：Ifyou_______harder,youwillpasstheexam.(studied)7.Thegirl_______Ispoketolastnightisveryfriendly.(×)参考答案：×解析：定语从句错误。先行词“girl”指人，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who。正确句：Thegirl_______Ispoketolastnightisveryfriendly.(who)8.Itisimportantto_______agoodhabitbecauseitcanhelpyousucceed.(×)参考答案：×解析：动词短语错误。beimportanttodosth.意为“对做某事很重要”，空格处需填入不定式。正确句：Itisimportantto_______agoodhabitbecauseitcanhelpyousucceed.(develop)9.Thebook_______Iborrowedfromthelibraryisveryusefulformystudy.(×)参考答案：×解析：定语从句错误。先行词“book”指物，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。正确句：Thebook_______Iborrowedfromthelibraryisveryusefulformystudy.(which)10.Theboy_______livesnextdoorisverytallandheplaysbasketballwell.(×)参考答案：×解析：定语从句错误。先行词“boy”指人，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who。正确句：Theboy_______livesnextdoorisverytallandheplaysbasketballwell.(who)四、简答题（每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"look"and"see".参考答案："Look"isaverbthatmeanstodirectone’sgazeinaspecifieddirection,oftenintentionally.Forexample,"Helookedatthemap.""See"isaverbthatmeanstoperceivewiththeeyes,oftenasaresultoflightenteringtheeyes.Forexample,"Iseethebirdinthesky."Inshort,"look"isaboutdirectingtheeyes,while"see"isaboutperceivingsomething.2.Whatisthefunctionof"so"inasentence?参考答案："So"canbeusedasaconjunctiontointroducearesultorconsequence.Forexample,"Itwasraining,sowestayedathome."Itcanalsobeusedasanadverbtoindicateahighdegree.Forexample,"Heissotall."Additionally,"so/neither/nor"canstartasentencetoshowagreement.Forexample,"Shelikesapples,andsodoI."3.Howdoyouformapassivevoicesentence?参考答案：Toformapassivevoicesentence,usethestructure:"be+pastparticiple."Forexample,"Thebookiswrittenbyhim."Thesubjectoftheactivevoicebecomestheagentinthepassivevoice,oftenintroducedby"by."Iftheagentisunknownorunnecessary,"by"canbeomitted.Forexample,"Thebookwaswritten."(Theagentisunknown.)4.Whatisthemeaningof"beinterestedindoingsth."?参考答案："Beinterestedindoingsth."meanstohaveapreferenceorenthusiasmforaparticularactivity.Forexample,"Sheisinterestedincollectingstamps."Thestructureshowsthattheinterestisintheaction(collecting)ratherthantheobject(stamps).Itisfollowedbyagerund(verb+-ingform).5.Howdoyouuse"if"toexpressacondition?参考答案："If"canbeusedtoexpressarealorunrealcondition.Forarealcondition,usethepresenttenseinthe"if"clauseandthesimplefutureorpresenttenseinthemainclause.Forexample,"Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic."Foranunrealcondition,usethepasttenseinthe"if"clauseand"would/could/might+baseverb"inthemainclause.Forexample,"IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyharder."6.Whatisthedifferencebetween"which"and"that"inarelativeclause?参考答案："Which"isusedtorefertothingsoranimalsinarelativeclause,anditcanbethesubjectorobject.Forexample,"ThebookwhichIboughtisinteresting.""That"canrefertothingsoranimals,anditcanalsorefertopeoplewhenitactsasthesubject.Forexample,"ThebookthatIboughtisinteresting."Additionally,"that"canbeusedinrestrictiveclauseswithoutacomma,while"which"requiresacomma.7.Howdoyouuse"nomatterhow/what/when/where"?参考答案："Nomatterhow/what/when/where"isusedtointroduceaclauseofconcession,meaning"regardlessofhow/what/when/where."Forexample,"Nomatterhowhardyoutry,youwon’tsucceedwithoutpractice."Itisfollowedbyaclause,andthemainclauseusesthesimplefutureorpresenttense.Forexample,"Nomatterwhathappens,Iwillstayhere."8.Whatisthemeaningof"giveuponsth."?参考答案："Giveuponsth."meanstostoptryingtoachieveagoalortostopdoingsomethingbecauseitistoodifficultornolongerworthwhile.Forexample,"Hegaveuponhisdreamofbecomingadoctorbecausehefailedtheentranceexam."Itimpliesasenseofresignationorfailure.五、应用题（每题4分，共24分）1.Completethefollowingsentencewiththecorrectformoftheverbinthebrackets.Theteacheraskedme_______(write)areportabouttheenvironment.参考答案：towrite解析：考查动词不定式。asksb.todosth.意为“要求某人做某事”，空格处需填入动词不定式。句意为“老师要求我写一份关于环境的报告”。2.Completethefollowingsentencewiththecorrectword.IfI_______you,Iwouldapologizetoherforbeinglate.参考答案：were解析：考查虚拟语气。if引导的非真实条件句中，表示与现在事实相反时，从句用一般过去式。主句用“would/could/might+动词原形”。根据主句“wouldapologize”，从句需用一般过去式。句意为“如果我是你，我会为迟到向她道歉”。3.Completethefollowingsentencewiththecorrectformoftheverbinthebrackets.Thebook_______(lie)onthetableisveryinteresting.参考答案：lying解析：考查现在分词。分析句子结构，“Thebook”是主语，“is”是谓语，“veryinteresting”是形容词，空格处需填入修饰“thebook”的定语。lying是现在分词，表示主动或正在进行，符合语境。句意为“放在桌子上的那本书很有趣”。4.Completethefollowingsentencewiththecorrectword.Theboy_______(speak)EnglishverywellisfromCanada.参考答案：who/that解析：考查定语从句。先行词“boy”指人，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that。句意为“那个说英语很流利的男孩来自加拿大”。5.Completethefollowingsentencewiththecorrectformoftheverbinthebrackets.Shedecided_______(go)tothepartybecauseshewantedtoseeherfriends.参考答案：togo解析：考查动词不定式。decidetodosth.意为“决定做某事”，空格处需填入动词不定式。句意为“她决定去参加派对，因为她想见她的朋友”。6.Completethefollowingsentencewiththecorrectword.Nomatter_______youtry,youwon’tsucceedifyoudon’tfollowtherightmethod.参考答案：how解析：考查固定搭配。nomatterhow/what/when/where意为“无论怎样/什么/何时/何地”，引导让步状语从句。根据“try”，应选择nomatterhow。句意为“无论你多么努力，如果你不遵循正确的方法，都不会成功”。标准答案及解析一、单项选择题1.A2.C3.B4.A5.A6.C7.A8.A9.C10.A解析：2.asksb.todosth.意为“要求某人做某事”，固定搭配。3.lying是现在分词，表示主动或正在进行，符合语境。4.if引导的非真实条件句中，表示与现在事实相反时，从句用一般过去式。5.nomatterhow意为“无论怎样”，引导让步状语从句。6.that引导宾语从句，描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。7.so/neither/nor引导的倒装句中，助动词/be动词需与前面主句对应。8.who/that引导定语从句，先行词指人，且在从句中作主语。9.beinterestedindoingsth.意为“对做某事感兴趣”，空格处需填入动名词。10.giveuponsth.意为“放弃某事”，固定搭配。11.which引导定语从句，先行词指物，且在从句中作主语。二、填空题1.watch2.who/that3.intelligent4.finish5.doesn’train6.who/that7.making8.come9.develop10.who/that解析：2.wanttodosth.意为“想要做某事”，空格处需填入动词原形。3.who/that引导定语从句，先行词指人，且在从句中作主语。4.most修饰形容词最高级。5.asksb.todosth.意为“要求某人做某事”，空格处需填入动词原形。6.if引导的非真实条件句中，表示与将来事实相反时，从句用一般过去式。7.who/that引导定语从句，先行词指人，且在从句中作主语。8.beinterestedindoingsth.意为“对做某事感兴趣”，空格处需填入动名词。9.besurprisedtodosth.意为“对做某事感到惊讶”，空格处需填入不定式。10.beimportanttodosth.意为“对做某事很重要”，空格处需填入不定式。11.who/that引导定语从句，先行词指人，且在从句中作主语。三、判断题1.×2.×3.×4.×5.×6.×7.×8.×解析：2.that引导宾语从句，从句时态应与主句一致，应用一般现在时。3.if引导的非真实条件句中，主句用“would/could/might+动词原形”，应用一般现在时。4.先行词“book”指物，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。5.beinterestedindoingsth.意为“对做某事感兴趣”，空格处需填入动名词。6.先行词“boy”指人，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who。7.if引导的非真实条件句中，表示与现在事实相反时，从句用一般过去式。8.先行词“girl”指人，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who。9.beimportanttodosth.意为“对做某事很重要”，空格处需填入不定式。四、简答题1."Look"isaverbthatmeanstodirectone’sgazeinaspecifieddirection,oftenintentionally.Forexample,"Helookedatthemap.""See"isaverbthatmeanstoperceivewiththeeyes,oftenasaresultoflightenteringtheeyes.Forexample,"Iseethebirdinthesky."Inshort,"look"isaboutdirectingtheeyes,while"see"isaboutperceivingsomething.2."So"canbeusedasaconjunctiontointroducearesultorconsequence.Forexample,"Itwasraining,sowestayedathome."Itcanalsobeusedasanadverbtoindicateahighdegree.Forexample,"Heissotall."Additionally,"so/neither/nor"canstartasentencetoshowagreement.Forexample,"Shelikesapples,andsodoI."3.Toformapassivevoicesentence,usethestructure:"be+pastparticiple."Forexample,"Thebookiswrittenbyhim."Thesubjectoftheactivevoicebecomestheagentinthepassivevoice,oftenintroducedby"by."Iftheagentisunknownorunnecessary,"by"canbeomitted.Forexample,"Thebookwaswritten."(Theagentisunknown.)4."Beinterestedindoingsth."meanstohaveapreferenceorenthusiasmforaparticularactivity.Forexample,"Sheisinterestedincollectingstamps."Thestructureshowsthattheinterestisintheaction(collecting)ratherthantheobject(stamps).Itisfollowedbyagerund(verb+-ingform).5."If"canbeusedtoexpressarealorunrealcondition.Forarealcondition,usethepresenttenseinthe"if"clauseandthesimplefutureorpresenttenseinthemainclause.Forexample,"Ifitr