2026年湖南永州市中考第二次模拟考试英语试卷

2026年湖南永州市中考第二次模拟考试英语试卷一、阅读理解Sleepisnotasinglestatebutsomerepeatingcycles.Therearetwomaintypesofsleep:NREM(non-rapideyemovement)sleepwhichincludesthreestagesandREM(rapideyemovement)sleep.

NREMstage1:ashortperiodbetweenwakefulnessandsleep.Yourbreathingandbrainwavesslowdown,andmuscles(肌肉)maytwitch(抽动).NREMstage2:lightsleep.Youspendmoretimeherethaninanyotherstage.Yourheartrate(心率)andbreathingslowfurther,eyemovementsstop,andbodytemperaturedropsalittle.Youcanbeeasilywoken.NREMstage3:deepsleep.Breathingandheartratereachtheirlowestlevels.Musclesarefullyrelaxed,anditishardtowakeyou.Sleepwalkingandsleeptalkingmainlyhappenhere.REMsleep:AftermovingthroughNREMStages1,2,3andthenbackwardtoStage1(a70~90minuteperiod),youenterREMsleep(a5~15minuteperiod).DuringREMsleep,youreyesmoverapidlyfromsidetoside.Mostvivid(逼真的)dreamshappenhere,thoughdreamsalsohappeninNREMsleep.Thiscyclerepeatsthroughthewholenight.1.InwhichNREMstagedopeoplespendthemosttime?

A．Stage1.B．Stage2.C．Stage3.2.WhathappensduringNREMstage3?

A．Youreyesmoverapidly.B．Yourmusclesmaytwitch.C．Yourbreathingreachesitslowestlevel.3.HowlongdoesaREMsleepperiodlast?

A．5~15minutes.B．70~90minutes.C．75~105minutes.Sharksareusuallythoughttolivealonebutanewstudysuggeststhatbullsharksformsocialrelationshipsandhave“friends”theyprefertospendtimewith.Scientistswatched184sharksatSharkReefMarineReserveinFijioversixyears.Thesharkswerefedtogetherinsideaprotectedareaandresearcherscoulddive(潜水)downandwatchthem.Theteamrecordedbehaviourssuchasparallelswimming(平行游),sharksleadingandfollowingeachother.Andtheynotedhowclosetogetherthesharksswam,especiallywhentheystayedwithinabouttwometresofeachother.Theyfoundthatadultsharkshavethemostsocialconnections.Bothmale(雄性)andfemale(雌性)bullsharksprefertohangoutwithfemales.Butmalesformmoresocialconnectionsingeneralbecausemalesaresmallerthanfemales.Inthisway,theycanprotectthemselvesfromlargersharks.Theresearcherssaidbullsharksmightgetthesamebenefitsfromsocialconnectionsasotheranimals,includinglearningnewskills,findingfoodandmatesandstayingsafefrompredators,whomaycatchandkillthemforfood.“Ashumans,wedevelopdifferentkindsofsocialrelationships—fromsimplerelationshipstocloserelationships,butwealsoactivelyavoidcertainpeople—andthesebullsharksaredoingsimilarthings,”saidNatashaD.Marosi,wholedtheresearch.Thescientistssaidunderstandinghowbullsharksinteract(互动)canteachusmoreabouthowtheylivetogetherandmovearound,whichcanhelpwithprotectionefforts.4.Whathavescientistsdiscoveredaboutbullsharks?

A．Theylivealone.B．Theyhave“friends”.C．Theyswimfast.5.Whydothemalesharkshavemoresocialconnections?

A．Becausetheywanttofindfoodeasily.B．Becausetheyaresmallerthanfemales.C．Becausetheyprefertohangoutwithfemales.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“predators”mean?

A．Enemies.B．Researchers.C．Divers.7.Inwhichpartofamagazinecanweprobablyreadthepassage?

A．Culture.B．Geography.C．Science.Quanzhouwoodcarving(雕刻)isatraditionalartformfromQuanzhou,Fujian,China.Itisfamousforitsbeautifuldesigns.Forhundredsofyears,thisartformhasshowntherichcultureoftheareaandhasbeenkeptalivebylocalpeople.Quanzhouwoodcarvinghasalonghistoryandiscloselyconnectedwithlocalculture.PanshanVillageinJinjiangservesasanimportantcenterforthisartform.Formanygenerations(世代),workerstherehavelearnedandimprovedtheirskills.Mostoftheirworksarefortemples.Thesetemplecarvingsarewell-knownforfinedesigns,oftenshowingspecialanimals,culturalsignsandclearpatterns.Thecarvingsareusefulandalsoexpresspeople’slovefortheirbeliefs(信念)andculture.Quanzhouwoodcarvingneedsgreatcareandskills.Workersusetraditionalwaystomakeclearandlivelycarvings,oftenusinghigh-qualitywoodtomakethemlastlongandlooknice.Theprocesshas4mainstages,includingdesignplanning,woodchoosing,carving,andfinishing.Everypieceismadecarefully,showingthegreatskillsandhardworkoftheworkerswhohavekeptthisartformalive.ThetemplewoodcarvingswereproducedinPanshanvillage.Theyhavebecomefamousworldwide,withproductssoldtoSoutheastAsiancountriessuchasSingapore,Indonesia,andthePhilippines.ThisshowsQuanzhouwoodcarving’sculturalandeconomicvalue.Itisnotonlyanartformbutalsohelpsthelocaleconomybycreatingmorejobsforlocalpeopleandencouragingculturalexchange.In2021,QuanzhouwoodcarvingwasaddedtoChina’snationalintangibleculturalheritage(非物质文化遗产)list.Thishelpsmorepeopleknowaboutthistraditionalartform.8.WhatisQuanzhouwoodcarvingfamousfor?

A．Itsbeautifuldesigns.B．Itsrichculture.C．Itslonghistory.9.Whatcanweknowfromparagraph2andparagraph3?

A．Fewofthewoodcarvingsarefortemples.B．Thereare4mainstepstomakewoodcarvings.C．Workersusemodernwaystomakewoodcarvings.10.HowdoesQuanzhouwoodcarvinghelpthelocaleconomy?

A．Byusinggoodwood.B．Byshowinggreatskills.C．Byencouragingculturalexchange.11.What’sthemainpurposeofthispassage?

A．TosellQuanzhouwoodcarvings.B．TovalueandspreadQuanzhouwoodcarving.C．ToteachpeopletomakeQuanzhouwoodcarvings.阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项多余选项。Startingasmallgardenisawonderfulandmeaningfulhobby.Itcanbringendlesshappinesstoourdailylifeandhelpusmastersomebasiclivingskills.Thenhowcanwestartgardening?12.ChooseaproperplaceBeforeyoustarttogrowplants,itisnecessarytofindaproperplaceforyourgarden.Nearlyallkindsofplantsrequireplentyofnaturalsunlighttogrowhealthily.Atthesametime,we’dbetterkeeptheplantsawayfromcoldandstrongwind,sothattheycanliveinacomfortableenvironmentallthetime.13Soilisthemostbasicconditionforplantgrowth.Richandwetsoilcanofferenoughnutrition(营养)andmakeplantsgrowfasterandstronger.Poorsoilstopsplantsgrowingandwillgreatlyinfluencethewholegrowingprocess.Useeasygrowingways14.Youcandirectlysowseeds(播种)intothesoil,oryoucanbuyandplantyoungseedlings(幼苗).Bothwaysworkverywell.Theyaresimpletooperateandperfectlyfitnewgardeners.FollowpracticaladviceIfyouareabeginner,you’dbetterfollowsomepracticalsuggestions.Youaresupposedtochoosethoseeasy-to-growplantsatfirst.Nevertrytoplanttoomanydifferentkindsinashortperiodoftime.15.Theywillnotcostyoutoomuchtimeandenergy.Gardeningistrulyarewarding(有回报的)experience.Astimegoesby,yourplantswillgrowintobeautifulflowersandproducefreshfruits.Youwillgetastrongsenseofachievement.

A．PreparegoodsoilB．HerearesomeusefulstepsforyouC．SmallgardensareeasytolookafterD．GrowingfromseedsisoftenlessexpensiveE．Therearetwocommonwaysforgardenerstoraiseplants二、完形填空Istillrememberthecoldwintermorningthreeyearsagoclearly.Atthattime,Iwasamiddleschoolstudentwhofeltlostandhopeless.Ifailedmyfinalmathexambadly,andIhadabigfightwithmybestfriend.Everythingaroundmeseemed16,andIthoughtnoonecaredaboutmeatall.Iwalkedslowlyto17withmyheaddown,notwantingtotalktoanyoneorfacemyteachers.WhenIpassedasmallcoffeeshoponthestreet,anoldladywhoworkedtherestoppedmewithawarmsmile.She18mysadfaceandaskedifIwasokay.Ididn’twanttotellastrangermytroubles,butshelookedsokindthatIpouredoutallmyunhappinesstoher.She19quietlywithoutsayingaword,holdingacupofhotmilkinherhand.AfterIfinishedtalking,shehandedmethehotmilkandsaidsoftly,“Everyonemeetshardtimesinlife,buttheyneverlastlong.Asmall20orafightdoesn’tmeanyourlifeisbad.Youareyoung,andyouhaveenoughtimetofixmistakesandmakethingsright.”Her21weresimple,buttheytouchedmyheartdeeply.Thatday,Iwenttoschoolwiththewarmmilkinmyhand.Itriedtocalmdown,studiedmath22everyday,andsaidsorrytomyfriendsincerely(真诚地).Littlebylittle,mymathgradesgotbetter,andmyfriendshipwithmybestfriendcameback.I23thatevenafewkindwordsfromastrangercangivepeoplegreatcouragetomoveon.Now,Ialwaystrytopassthiskindnesstoothers.WhenIseesomeoneworried,Istoptogiveasmileorafewwarmwords.Thissmallpositiveenergytaughtmethat24isthemostbeautifulthingintheworld.Itcan25adarkmomentandhelppeoplefindtheirwaybacktohope.Weneverknowhowmuchoursmallkindnesscanchangesomeone’slife,soweshouldalwayskeepakindandpositiveheart.16.A．uselessB．coldC．terrible17.A．parkB．schoolC．store18.A．noticedB．knewC．understood19.A．wroteB．listenedC．left20.A．experienceB．activityC．failure21.A．wordsB．storiesC．performances22.A．fasterB．betterC．harder23.A．realizedB．saidC．cried24.A．friendshipB．kindnessC．happiness25.A．lightupB．writedownC．walkinto三、选词填空阅读下面短文，从方框内选出适当的单词，将其正确的形式填入空白处，方框中有两个单词为多余选项。

luckypicturegoodsurprisefinalgetbooksadteachbelongjointheyLiamwasaquiet14-year-oldboy.Heloveddrawingbutwasafraidtoshowhisart.Hisclassmatesoftenlaughedathis“simple”26,sohehidhissketchbook(素描本)underhisbed.Hefelt27andbelievedhewouldneverbegoodenough.Oneday,hisart28,Ms.Carter,sawadrawinginhisnotebook.Shepraisedhislinesandencouragedhim29theschoolartcompetition.Liamshookhishead.“I’mnottalented,”hesaid.Ms.Cartersmiled,“Talentisjusthardwork.Keepdrawingandyou30yourselfsomeday.”Liamthoughtlongthatnight.31,hedecidedtotry.Everyeveningafterhomework,hedrewforonehour.Hepracticedfaces,animalsandnature.Sometimeshewantedtostop,butherememberedMs.Carter’swords.Daybyday,hisskillsweregetting32thanbefore.Thedayofthecompetitioncame.Liamfeltnervouswhenhehandedinhispicture,abeautifulsunsetoveraquietvillage.Aweeklater,theresultscame.Liam33firstprize!Hisclassmatescheeredandaskedhimtoteach34.Liamlearnedavaluablelesson.Successisnotfortheluckyfew.It35tothosewhokeepgoing,evenwhenit’shard.Fromthatday,heneverhidhisartagain.Heknewthatwithcourageandpersistence(坚持),anydreamcancometrue.四、任务型阅读阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题或翻译画线部分。Shaoshan,aquietvillageinHunanProvince,isfamousasthebirthplaceofMaoZedong,thegreatleaderofChina.Hisformerresidence(故居)hereisnotjustahouse,butaplacefullofhistoryandinspirationforpeoplearoundtheworld.TheresidenceisatypicalsouthernChinesefarmhouse,builtin1878.Itfacesnorthandhasa“U”shape,withmudwallsandbluetileroofs(瓦屋顶).ThehousehasthirteenroomsforMao’sfamilyandfivesharedwithneighbors.Behinditaregreenhillsandbamboos,andinfrontliesasmallpondwithclearwater.Itissimplebutbeautiful,showingthequietlifeofaChinesefarmer’sfamilyoveracenturyago.MaoZedongwasbornhereonDecember26,1893.Hespenthischildhoodandteenageyearsinthishouse.Hehelpedhisparentswithfarmwork,studiedinanearbyold-styleschoolandplayedbythepond.Lifeatthattimewashard,buthelearnedtobestrong,hard-working,andcaringaboutothers.In1910,MaoleftShaoshantostudyinbiggercities.Fromthenon,hetriedtoputhislifeintohelpingChinesepeopleliveabetterlife.Theoldhousesawhisearlydaysandkepthisfamilystories.Today,mostthingsinsideareold,keepingthelifeofMao’syoungdaysalive.Now,Mao’sformerresidenceisanationalkeyculturalrelic(遗迹)andapopularplaceforredtourism.VisitorsfromChinaandothercountries