英语一冲刺试卷（2015考研全国统考·含答案详解）

英语一冲刺试卷（2015考研全国统考·含答案详解）一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thepassageisprimarilystructuredto______.A.presentconflictingviewpointsonascientifictheoryB.argueforthenecessityofenvironmentalconservationthroughemotionalappealsC.comparetheimpactsofurbanizationonwildlifehabitatsD.outlinethestepsforreducingpollutioninindustrialareas解析：本题考查文章结构分析能力。文中通过对比城市扩张对野生动物栖息地的双重影响（正面经济价值与负面生态破坏），采用“提出问题-分析影响-提出建议”的递进结构。选项A错误，文中未呈现对立观点；选项B错误，文末建议虽具说服力但非主要手段；选项D错误，未涉及具体措施。正确答案为C，符合考研英语一阅读理解对“compareandcontrast”结构的考查要求。2.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardtheeconomicbenefitsofurbansprawl?A.Entirelysupportive,asitdrivesjobgrowthB.Indifferent,sincetheyarebalancedbyenvironmentalcostsC.Cautiouslyoptimistic,withreservationsaboutsustainabilityD.Stronglycritical,advocatingforstrictzoninglaws解析：本题考查作者态度定位。文中第二段指出城市扩张能创造就业机会，但第三段用转折词“however”指出其导致栖息地丧失的代价。选项A与第三段矛盾；选项B过于绝对，文中强调“权衡”；选项D与第四段建议不符。正确答案为C，体现考研英语一阅读中“nuancedstance”的考查，需结合具体语境分析。3.Theword"mitigate"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.worsenB.preserveC.alleviateD.accelerate解析：本题考查词汇理解。mitigate意为“减轻”，与第四段“reducinghabitatloss”语义一致。选项A与文意相反；选项B“preserve”程度过强；选项D“accelerate”与原文建议矛盾。正确答案为C，需结合上下文推断词义，符合考研英语一对“collocation”的考查。4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisarecommendedsolution?A.Encouraginghigh-densityhousingnearbusinessdistrictsB.BanningallformsofurbandevelopmenttoprotectecosystemsC.ImplementingstricterenvironmentalregulationsforconstructionprojectsD.Promotingruraltourismasanalternativetourbanexpansion解析：本题考查细节定位。文中最后一段提出“well-plannedurbangrowth”和“environmentallysensitivezoning”等建议，对应选项C。选项A未被提及；选项B过于极端；选项D是文外信息。正确答案为C，需准确捕捉文中隐含的解决方案，考查考生“inferringimplications”的能力。5.Thephrase"adouble-edgedsword"inthesecondparagraphsuggeststhaturbanization______.A.isalwaysbeneficialtobotheconomyandecologyB.hasbothpositiveandnegativeconsequencesC.shouldbelimitedtospecificregionsonlyD.isatoolforenvironmentaleducation解析：本题考查修辞理解。比喻“双刃剑”强调城市化的两面性，第二段明确指出其“economicopportunities”与“habitatdestruction”并存。选项A忽略负面影响；选项C与文意无关；选项D引入新概念。正确答案为B，符合考研英语一阅读对“figurativelanguage”的考查。6.Theauthor'sexampleoftheFloridapantherillustrates______.A.howurbanizationcanleadtogeneticdiversityB.thechallengesofwildlifeadaptationinurbanareasC.thefailureofenvironmentalpoliciesinthe1990sD.theimportanceofpreservingendangeredspecies解析：本题考查案例目的。文中通过佛罗里达豹的例子说明城市扩张导致栖息地碎片化，影响种群繁衍。选项A与文意无关；选项C扩大范围；选项D未涉及具体政策失败。正确答案为B，需结合案例与主旨句分析，考查“analyzingevidence”能力。7.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage'sconclusion?A.TosummarizetheeconomicbenefitsofurbanizationB.ToemphasizetheneedforbalanceddevelopmentC.ToproposeanewurbanplanningmodelD.Tocriticizecurrentgovernmentpolicies解析：本题考查段落功能。结论段用“while...balanceisnecessary”的对比句式，强调经济与生态的平衡。选项A仅涉及部分内容；选项C无对应建议；选项D未明确批评。正确答案为B，符合考研英语一阅读对“author'sintent”的考查。8.Theterm"exacerbated"inthefourthparagraphmostlikelymeans______.A.improvedB.complicatedC.ignoredD.accelerated解析：本题考查词汇辨析。exacerbated意为“加剧”，与“habitatfragmentation”的恶化趋势一致。选项A与文意相反；选项C“ignored”程度不足；选项D“accelerated”未体现矛盾性。正确答案为B，需结合上下文语境判断，考查“lexicalcohesion”能力。9.Theauthormentions"smartgrowth"asanexampleof______.A.acontroversialurbandevelopmenttheoryB.asustainableapproachtourbanplanningC.ahistoricalfailureinenvironmentalpolicyD.agovernment-mandatedhousingprogram解析：本题考查概念定位。文中第五段定义“smartgrowth”为“environmentallyfriendlydevelopment”，强调土地高效利用。选项A与文意无关；选项C与文末建议矛盾；选项D引入新概念。正确答案为B，需结合定义句理解，考查“identifyingdefinitions”能力。10.Thepassagesuggeststhatthemosteffectiveurbanplanningwould______.A.prioritizeeconomicgrowthoverenvironmentalconcernsB.eliminateallurbansprawltoprotectwildlifehabitatsC.integrateecologicalconsiderationsintodevelopmentD.relysolelyontechnologicalsolutionstosolveenvironmentalproblems解析：本题考查推理判断。全文通过转折句“ratherthan”强调生态平衡，最后提出“holisticapproach”。选项A与第三段矛盾；选项B过于极端；选项D忽略人文因素。正确答案为C，需捕捉全文隐含的解决方案，考查“synthesizinginformation”能力。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thepassagearguesthaturbanizationcan______wildlifepopulationsthroughhabitatdestruction.2.Accordingtotheauthor,akeychallengeinurbanplanningisto______economicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotection.3.TheexampleoftheFloridapantherdemonstratestheneedto______endangeredspeciesfromurbanization.4.Theterm"zoning"referstotheregulationoflanduseto______conflictsbetweendifferentactivities.5.Thephrase"adouble-edgedsword"suggeststhaturbanizationhas______consequencesforecosystems.6.Theauthorsuggeststhat"smartgrowth"involvesusinglandmore______toreduceenvironmentalimpact.7.Theconclusionemphasizestheimportanceof______abalancebetweenurbangrowthandecologicalsustainability.8.Theword"mitigate"inthethirdparagraphmeansto______thenegativeeffectsofurbandevelopment.9.Thepassageindicatesthaturbansprawlcan______bothjobcreationandhabitatlosssimultaneously.10.Theauthorimpliesthateffectiveurbanplanningrequires______theroleoftechnologyalongsideecologicalconsiderations.解析：11.参考答案：decrease/威胁解析：第二段明确指出城市扩张导致栖息地减少，威胁生物多样性。12.参考答案：balance/协调解析：第四段用“balancingact”强调经济与生态的权衡。13.参考答案：protect/保障解析：文中通过佛罗里达豹案例呼吁保护濒危物种。14.参考答案：resolve/管理解析：zoning指通过区域划分解决土地使用冲突。15.参考答案：bothpositiveandnegative/复杂解析：比喻强调城市化利弊并存。16.参考答案：efficiently/集约化解析：smartgrowth强调土地高效利用。17.参考答案：maintain/维持解析：结论段用“maintainingequilibrium”强调动态平衡。18.参考答案：reduce/减轻解析：mitigate与“habitatloss”的负面影响相关。19.参考答案：generate/带来解析：第二段指出城市化能创造就业但破坏栖息地。20.参考答案：integrate/融合解析：文末建议结合科技与生态考量。三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Th