新编英语国家概况-课件 Chapter05 Education

AGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesChapterEducation,MassMedia,andHolidays5Lead-inWatchthevideoandthinkaboutthequestion.Whatisthemostimpressivethingyoulearnedfromthevideo?Source:BritishCouncil(/free-resources/general/video-series/britain-great/knowledge-great-part-1)ThinkandTalkDiscusswithyourpartnerbeforewebegin.WhatdoyouknowaboutOxfordUniversityandCambridgeUniversity?Whatarethe“BigThree”Britishnewspapers?WhatdoyouknowaboutholidaysandfestivalsinBritain?Contents01EducationMassMediaHolidaysandFestivalsQuiz020304PART01EducationEducationalPolicy,

EducationalSystem,andFamousUniversitiesEducationalPolicyBefore1870:

educationwasvoluntary,andrunlargelybychurches;fewchildrenunder10attendedregularly.1870Act:

ElementaryEducationAct–governmentbegantotakeresponsibilityforeducation.Compulsoryeducationisforallchildrenbetweentheagesof5(4inNorthernIreland)and16(18from2015inEngland).EducationalPolicyComprehensiveschoolsintroducedinthe1960stodemocratizeeducationandprovideequalopportunityforallchildrenendingthedivisionbetweengrammarschoolsandvocationalschoolsGrammarschoolspreparedstudentsacademicallyforuniversities.Vocationalschoolsfocusedonprovidingqualificationsandtechnicalskillsforthelabormarket,withtheoptiontopursuehighereducationlateron.EducationalPolicyNationalCurriculumwasintroducedin1988.Subjects:mathematics,English,science,geography,history,technology,music,arts,physicaleducation,andaforeignlanguageStudentsmustalsotakesomenationaltests.KeystageChild’sageYearAssessmentKeystage1(KS1)5to6Year

1Phonicsscreeningcheck6to7Year

2Optionaltestsinmaths,Englishreadingandgrammar,punctuationandspelling.Optionalteacherassessmentsinmaths,science,andEnglishreadingandwriting.Keystage2(KS2)7to8Year

3Notapplicable8to9Year

4Timestablescheck9to10Year5Notapplicable10to11Year6NationaltestsinEnglishreading,maths,andgrammar,punctuationandspelling.TeacherassessmentsinEnglishwritingandscience.Keystage3(KS3)11to12Year7Notapplicable12to13Year8Notapplicable13to14Year9NotapplicableKeystage4(KS4)14to15Year10SomechildrentakeGCSEs.15to16Year11MostchildrentakeGCSEsorothernationaltests.Schoolsarerankedaccordingtotheirstudents’performanceonthesetests.EducationalSystemEducationinBritainisgenerallydividedintothreestages:PrimaryeducationSecondaryeducationHighereducationEducationalSystem:Primary&SecondaryEducationTwoparallelschoolsystemsStatesystem(93%)maintainedbylocalauthorityfreetoallchildrenbetweentheagesof5–16Thenationalcurriculumiscompulsory.Independentsystem(7%)commonlycalledpublicschoolsParentspayfortheirchildren’seducation.Thenationalcurriculumisoptional(mostteachaccordingtoit).StatesystemEducationalSystem:Primary&SecondaryEducationStateschoolsreceivefundingthroughtheirlocalauthorityordirectlyfromthegovernment.Themostcommonones:communityschoolsfoundationschoolsandvoluntaryschoolsacademiesandfreeschoolsgrammarschoolsEducationalSystem:Primary&SecondaryEducationIndependentsystem(commonlycalledpublicschools)themostfamous–Eton,Harrow,andWinchesterover2500independentschoolsacrossBritainover7%ofallBritishchildrenaprivilegefortherichbetterfundedbetterteachersbetterfacilitiesbetterchancetoenterfamousuniversitiesEducationalSystem:Primary&SecondaryEducationEtonCollegeofteninformallyreferredtoasEtonthelargestpublicschool(independentsecondaryschool)inEnglandoneofthehighestinprestigefoundedin1440byKingHenryVIas“TheKing'sCollegeofOurLadyofEtonbesidesWyndsor”EducationalSystem:Primary&SecondaryEducationWinchesterCollegeoneoftheoldestofthegreatpublicschoolsofEngland(datingfrom1382)EverypupilatWinchester,apartfromtheScholars,livesinaboardinghouse.Eachhousealsohadasetofhousecolors,whichadornedtheribbonwornaroundboys'"strats"(strawhats).EducationalSystem:Primary&SecondaryEducationPrimaryschoolSecondaryschoolGCSEApprenticeship/TraineeshipsixthformUniversityStatesystem:11-yearcompulsoryeducation(primary&secondary)Independentsystem:manyindependentschoolsareall-throughschoolsfromnurserytosixthform.EducationalSystem:Primary&SecondaryEducationAgesof5-11:primaryeducation(co-educational/mixedschools)Agesof11-16:

secondaryeducation(mostarecomprehensiveschools)11-yearcompulsoryeducationEducationalSystem:Primary&SecondaryEducationTheGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(GCSE)（普通中等教育证书）anacademicqualificationgenerallytakeninanumberofsubjectsbystudentsaged14–16insecondaryeducationinEngland,Wales,andNorthernIrelandcertifyingthatthestudentshaveachievedthestandardexpectedafter11yearsofcompulsoryeducation“sixthform”(2years)EducationalSystem:Primary&SecondaryEducationAftercompletingtheirGCSEs(thefinaltwoyearsofsecondaryschooling,duringwhichstudentsareabout16–18ofage),studentsmaychoosetocontinuefull-timeeducationinwhatiscalledthe“sixthform.”A-levels(GeneralCertificateofEducation–Advanced)

—foruniversityadmissionsOtherstudentswhodecidenottogotouniversitymaychoosetopursueanapprenticeshiportraineeship.Studentschoosetheirpath.EducationalSystem:HigherEducationLonghistory12th–13thcentury:Oxford&Cambridge15th–16thcentury:Scottishuniversities19th–20thcentury:mostothers1960s:rapidgrowth1992:polytechnicsgaineduniversitystatusToday:100+universitiesinBritainDiverseinstitutionsUniversities:offerawiderangeofacademicdisciplines.Colleges:varyinsizeandfocus.Specialized:art,design,etc.MultidisciplinaryProfessional:teachertrainingPublicfunding:Mostuniversitiesarepartiallyfundedbycentralgovernmentgrants.(Exceptions:Buckingham,BPP,Regent’sLondon,theUniversityofLaw&Arden)Otherfunding:tuitionfees,donations,orcorporatecontributionsEducationalSystem:HigherEducationUniversityfundingStudentgrantsFull-timedomesticstudentsattendedpublicuniversitiesfreeofchargeuntil1998.Inaddition,studentsfromlow-incomefamiliescouldapplyformaintenancegrants.abolishedin1999,reintroducedin2006,replacedbyloansin2015EducationalSystem:HigherEducationAdmissionbasedon:A-levelsschoolreferencesinterviewDegrees:FirstDegree:BAorBSc(typically3years)HigherDegrees:master’s(1–2years);doctorate(3–4years)UKUniversityRankings2026/uk-university-rankings/league-tableEducationalSystem:HigherEducationLSEretainsthetopspotwhileStAndrewsandDurhamfilltheplaces–leavingOxbridgeoutofthetopthreeforthefirsttime.FamousUniversitiesOxfordUniversityandCambridgeUniversityaresometimesreferredtocollectivelyasOxbridge.OxfordCrestCambridgeCrestFamousUniversitiesBodleianLibraryofOxfordUniversity牛津大学博德利图书馆themainresearchlibraryoftheUniversityofOxfordoneoftheoldestlibrariesinEurope,andinBritainissecondinsizeonlytotheBritishLibrarywithover11millionitems.knowntoOxfordscholarsas"Bodley"orsimply"theBod"FamousUniversitiesTheMathematicalBridge(atQueens’College,CambridgeUniversity)ImportantscientificdiscoveriesandrevolutionsmadebyCambridgealumni:Understandingthescientificmethod,byFrancisBacon

Thelawsofmotion,bySirIsaacNewtonThediscoveryoftheelectron,byJ.J.ThomsonTheunificationofelectromagnetism,byJamesClerkMaxwellThediscoveryofhydrogen,byHenryCavendishEvolutionbynaturalselection,byCharlesDarwinTheTuringmachine,thebasisofmoderncomputers,byAlanTuringThestructureofDNA,byFrancisCrickandJamesD.WatsonFamousUniversitiesUniversityCollegeLondon(UCL)King’sCollegeLondon(KCL)TheLondonSchoolofEconomicsandPoliticalScience(LSE)FamousUniversitiesOtherfamousuniversities:“学而优则仕”–theConfuciantraditionlinkseducationtosocialposition;Britishpublicschoolshistoricallylinkededucationtoleadership.Arethesethesameideaintwolanguages,orgenuinelydifferentvisions?WhatdoyouthinkisthemostsignificantdifferencebetweeneducationalpurposesinChinaandBritain?Fromwhichaspectsoftheeducationalsystemcanthisdifferencebeobserved?Discussion1Whatiseducationreallyfor?WalkintoanyschoolinBritainorChinaandask:whatiseducationfor?Youwillheardifferentanswers–togetagoodjob,topassexams,tobecomeaculturedperson,toservesociety,todiscoverwhoyouare…PART02MassMediaNewspapersandMagazines,TelevisionandBroadcastNewspapersandMagazinesLong-establishedindustryTheObserver(firstappearedin1791)stillpublishedeverySundaytheworld’soldestSundaynewspaperTheTimes(firstpublishedin1785)oneofBritain’soldestandmostinfluentialnewspapersNewspapersandMagazinesThequalitypressfeaturesin-deptharticlesonpolitics&society,reviews,and“highculture”；readmainlybyawell-educated,middle-classaudience.“BigThree”TheTimesreputationforitscautiousattitudeoftenreflectsgovernmentviewsTheGuardiangenerallyliberaltoleft-winginitspositionTheDailyTelegraphappealstoreaderswhofavorfreeenterpriseoversocialprogramsNewspapersandMagazinesReutersaninternationalnewsorganizationfoundedandbasedinEnglandoneofthelargestnewsagenciesintheworld.NewspapersandMagazinesMagazinesBritishmagazinesandjournalsthathaveachievedworldwidecirculationincludeProspect,Nature,NewScientist,NewStatesman,andTheSpectator.NewspapersandMagazinesInrecentyears,therapiddevelopmentoftheInternetanddigitaltechnologyhasprofoundlychangedtheBritishmedialandscape.Manyreadersnowaccessnewsthroughonlineplatformsandsocialmedia.Majornewspapershavelauncheddigitaleditionsandmobileapps.TelevisionandBroadcastTheBritishBroadcastingCorporationBritain’smainpublicservicebroadcaster“AuntieBeeb”or“theBeeb”dailyradiobroadcasts:startedin1922firstTVbroadcast:1936BBCexcelsindocumentaries,“costumedramas”,

and

“BBCShakespeare”series.TelevisionandBroadcastIndependentTelevision(ITV)1954BritishSatelliteBroadcasting1986SkyTV1989BritishSkyBroadcastingGroupPLC(BSkyB)1990Britain’stoppay-televisionproviderPART03HolidaysandFestivalsChristmas,Easter,BonfireNight,andRemembranceSundayHolidaysandFestivalsChristmasEasterBonfireNightRemembranceSundayChristmasMostBritishpeoplecelebrateby:exchanginggiftsandChristmascards;preparingholidayfoods;decoratinghomesandworkplaceswithcoloredlights,Christmastrees,andornaments.ChristmasiscelebratedonDecember25.ChristmasThreeparticularlyBritishtraditions·

Christmaspantomimeaformofmusicalcomedystageproduction,designedforfamiliesusuallybasedontraditionalchildren’sstorieslike“Cinderella”·

KingorQueen’sChristmasmessagemessage,broadcastontelevision,radio,andmorerecentlytheInternetreflectingonthepastyearandexpressinghopesforthefuture·

BoxingDaythedayafterChristmastraditionally“ChristmasBox”toservantsandotherworkerstodaymoreaboutshoppingthangivinggiftsEasterEasterfallsonaSundaybetweenMarch22andApril25.theoldestandmostimportantChristianfestivaldependingonthedateofthefirstfullmoonafterthespringequinoxEastereggs,EasterbunnyIsthiskindofcommercializationoftraditionsabadthingthatmakescultureloseitsmeaning,oragoodwaytohelpcultureliveonandspread?Chinesetraditionalfestivalsalsohavesimilarcommercialtrends.HaveyounoticedanysimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenChineseandBritishfestivaltraditionsinthisaspect?Discussion2FestivaltraditionsandcommercializationBritishfestivaltraditionshavechangedalotovertheyears:Christmascardswentfromhandmadegiftstocommercialproducts,andBoxingDayisnowmoreaboutshoppingthangivinggiftstoworkers.BonfireNightBonfireNightisanationalfestivalonNovember5.sometimescalledGuyFawkesNight(盖伊·福克斯之夜)orFireworksNightOnNovember5,1605,theconspiratorGuyFawkesputgunpowderintheHouseofParliamentinanattempttoblowitup.AnillustrationdepictingGuyFawkesandtheothermenbehindthefailedGunpowderPlotof1605.BonfireNightCelebration:Lighthugebonfire.Letofffireworks.Burnguys(life-sizedmenmadeofstrawandotheravailablematerials).RemembranceSundayRemembranceSundayisheldonthesecondSundayinNovember.ItcommemoratesthosewhohavediedinwarsandothermilitaryconflictssincetheonsetofWorldWarI.Thepoppy(罂粟花)iswornaroundthetimeofRemembranceSunday.PART04QuizFunFactsandKnowledgeCheckEliteEducationQ1HowmanyBritishPrimeMinistershasEtonCollegeproduced?A)About5.B)About10.C)About20.D)About30.ANSWERC)About20.About20PMs,includingBorisJohnsonandDavidCameron,whowereclassmatesatEton.UniversityOriginsQ2WhichistrueaboutthescholarswhofoundedCambridgeUniversity?A)TheyweresentbythePope.B)TheyleftOxfordafteradispute.C)TheycamefromParis.D)TheywereexpelledfromScotland.ANSWERB)TheyleftOxfordafteradispute.ScholarsleftOxfordafteradispute

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today“Oxbridge”aretwins,butitbeganwithawalkout.AcademicExcellenceQ3HowmanyNobelPrizewinnershasCambridgeproduced?A)About30.B)About60.C)About90.D)Over120.ANSWERD)Over120.Over120–morethananyotherinstitutioninBritainandmorethanthenationaltotalofmostcountries.ChristmasCultureQ4Whatisa"pantomime"inBritishChristmastradition?A)Asilentmimeperformance.B)Acomicalmusical.C)Aformalballet.D)Apuppetshow.ANSWERB)Acomicalmusical.Notamime.It’saparticipatorycomedy

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audiencesshout"He’sbehindyou!"atthevillain.