外研版英语选择性必修第四册　Unit 6　Space and beyond 教师用书

选择性必修第四册Unit6SpaceandbeyondⅠ.阅读单词——会意1．notionn．概念；观点；看法2．hazardousadj.危险的，不安全的3．shuttlen．航天飞机；(织布机的)梭；来往于两地之间的航班v．频繁往来(于两地之间)4．thespaceshuttle航天飞机5．excursionn．(有特定目的的)短途出行6．rekindlev．重新激起，重新唤起7．instantaneouslyadv.瞬间地8．lifelikeadj.(图画、模型等)生动的，逼真的9．telescopen．望远镜10．thenakedeye肉眼11．galaxyn．星系12．cosmicadj.宇宙的13．subatomicadj.亚原子的；原子内的14．particlen．粒子15．peppern．胡椒粉16．discn．激光唱片；光碟，光盘Ⅱ.拼写单词——记形1．shadown．影子；背光处；(坏)影响，阴影2．screamv．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫3．crewn．(飞机上的)全体机组人员4．awesomeadj.很好的，了不起的；令人惊叹的；可怕的；很困难的5．anglev．斜置n．角；角度，观点6．straightforwardadj.简单的；坦率的7．fetchv．(去)拿来8．musclen．肌肉9．sneezev．打喷嚏n．喷嚏(声)Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．unexceptionaladj.平常的→exceptionaladj.例外的；独特的→exceptprep.除……外→exceptionn．例外2．tragicallyadv.悲惨地；不幸地→tragicadj.悲惨的，悲痛的→tragedyn．悲剧；不幸；遗憾3．suspendv．暂停，中止；悬，挂；悬浮→suspensionn．停职；悬浮；暂停，中止4．submitv．提交，呈递；屈服→submissionn．屈服；提交(物)，呈递(物)5．conceivablyadv.可以相信地；可想象地→conceivev．构想出(主意、计划等)；想象；设想6．invisibleadj.看不见的→visibleadj.看得见的→visionn．视野7．self-disciplinen．自我约束，自律→self-disciplinedadj.自律的→disciplinen．训练；(遵守)纪律；行为准则；自制力8．simulatedadj.模仿的，模拟的，仿真的→simulatev．模仿；假装；冒充→simulatorn．(用于人员训练的)模拟装置，模拟器→simulationn．模拟，仿真积累——构词法学一法会一类前缀tele-/后缀-some1．前缀tele-表示“远”。如telescope＝tele(远)＋scope(范围，领域)→用来看远的范围的工具→望远镜，telephone＝tele(远)＋phone(声音)→听到远方的声音→电话。2．后缀-some多用于构成形容词，意为“引起……的，具有……倾向的；达到相当程度的”。如awesome＝awe(敬畏，惊叹)＋some(引起……的)→令人敬畏的，令人惊叹的，troublesome＝trouble(麻烦)＋some(引起……的)→引起麻烦的。(1)Theywereabletoteleporttovariousregionsoutoftheirowncuriosityanddesiretoexplore.远距离传送(2)Aspostalratesgoup，manybusinesseshavebeenturningtotelemarketingasawayofcontactingnewcustomers.电话推销(3)Heisawildboyandaquarrelsomeyoungman，sohecan’tgetalongwellwiththosearoundhim.爱争吵的，好口角的Ⅳ.背核心短语1．becomeaccustomedto习惯于(做)某事2．castashadowon/over给……蒙上阴影3．setfooton踏上，登上4．one’sheartinone’smouth心提到嗓子眼5．takeoff起飞；脱下；突然成功6．tunein收看；收听7．wavetosb向某人挥手8．reachforthestars有九天揽月之志；努力完成壮举9．signupfor报名参加10．workout计算出；解决；锻炼11．beengagedin忙于；从事12．becomposedof由……组成13．beinvisibleto无法被……看到14．one’squestfor对……的追求/追索Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．FollowingtheshockoftheChallengerdisaster，spaceshuttleflightsweresuspendedfornearlythreeyearswhilethecauseofthedisasterwasinvestigated，andsomeoftheshuttle’scomponentswereredesigned.(while引导时间状语从句)“挑战者”号令人震惊的灾难发生后，航天飞机航行中止了近三年时间，同时调查事故原因，重新设计飞行器的部分零件。2．Buttherewasneveranydoubtthatmannedflightswouldcontinue...(thereisneveranydoubtthat...)但是毫无疑问，载人飞行绝不会就此停止……3．Soon，itwasunderstoodthattheSunwasjustonestaramongbillionsinthegalaxywecalltheMilkyWay.(itbe＋v.-ed＋that...)很快，人们认识到，太阳只是我们称之为“银河系”的星系中数十亿颗恒星中的一颗。4．Nothinginhistoryhasallowedustoseesomuchoversuchgreatdistances，fromenormouscloudsofgaswherestarsarebeingborn，tohugeblackholes，andeventonewplanetswherewemightconceivablyfindlife.(where引导定语从句)它让我们史无前例地看到了如此遥远的景观——从星体诞生的巨大气体云团，到巨型黑洞，甚至到可能会发现生命迹象的新行星。5．The500-metredishofthe“EyeofHeaven”，asitisknown，isbeingusedinthesearchfordarkmatter，thoughttobecomposedofsubatomicparticlesinvisibletoordinarytelescopes.(形容词短语作后置定语)众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探寻暗物质。暗物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成，一般望远镜是观测不到的。体验——析真题长句知高考难度(2025•北京)Iftheselifecyclesaredelayed，interrupted，ordenied，youfeelincapableofaccessingyourstatesofself，controllingunpleasantfeelings，andmanipulating(操控)theenergythatputstogetherthefabricofyourinnerworld.[句式分析]本句是主从复合句。if引导条件状语从句；主句为主系表结构；accessing...controlling...andmanipulating...为三个并列的动名词短语，作of的宾语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词theenergy。[尝试翻译]若这些生命周期被延迟、中断或否定，你会感到无法进入自我状态、无法控制负面情绪，也无法掌控那些构建你内心世界结构的能量。Ⅰ.重点单词(每空1分，共21分)1．musclen．肌肉2．fetchv．(去)拿来3．sneezev．打喷嚏n.喷嚏(声)4．awesomeadj.很好的，了不起的；令人惊叹的；可怕的；很困难的5．anglev．斜置n.角；角度，观点6．crewn．(飞机上的)全体机组人员7．shadown．影子；背光处；(坏)影响，阴影8．screamv．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫9．straightforwardadj.简单的；坦率的10．self-disciplinen．自我约束，自律→self-disciplinedadj.自律的→disciplinen．训练；(遵守)纪律；行为准则；自制力11．simulatedadj.模仿的，模拟的，仿真的→simulatev．模仿；假装；冒充→simulatorn．(用于人员训练的)模拟装置，模拟器→simulationn．模拟，仿真12．invisibleadj.看不见的→visibleadj.看得见的→visionn．视野13．conceivablyadv.可以相信地；可想象地→conceivev．构想出(主意、计划等)；想象；设想Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每空1分，共8分)1.Furthermore，wenormallyrespondtoarticlesubmissionsthataresubmittedwithinsixweeks.(submit)2．Tragically，onedaywhileswimming，shewasdrowneddeepinthesea.Whatatragedy！(tragic)3．Allexceptionalexpertswithoutexceptionhaveparticipatedinthecompetition.(except)4．Theactivityhastobesuspendedduetosomethingunexpected，andnooneknowshowlongthesuspensionwilllast.(suspend)Ⅲ.补全语段(句式仿写)(每题3分，共12分)DearJim，I’mgladtohearfromyou.LastThursday，allofusstudentswereseatedinourmultimediaclassroom,1.wherewewatchedthelivespacelecturehostedbyWangYaping(我们在那里观看了王亚平主持的太空直播讲座)．Inthepastfewdecades,2.ithasbeenunderstoodthat(人们已经认识到)exploringspaceplaysacrucialroleinthedevelopmentofhumanbeings.3．Thereisneveranydoubtthat(毫无疑问)thelectureisofgreatimportancetoallofthestudents4.interestedinspaceexploration(对太空探索感兴趣的)．Wearesocuriousaboutspacethatweareeagertoworkhardandexploreit.Besides，bywatchingthelecture，weyouthcanhavemoreintuitiveaccesstoaerospaceknowledge.Bestwishes!Yours，LiHuaFordecades，humanshavebeenaccustomedtomakingbreakthroughsinspaceexploration，yetrecenttechnicalissuescastashadowoverthenewmission.Thelaunchwassuspendedtemporarilyafterengineersfoundasystemglitch.Itwasreportedthattheteamhadsubmittedarevisedplantofixtheproblem.Everyonehopesitwillbeconfirmedthatthemissioncanresumesoon，continuinghumanity’sjourneytouncoverthemysteriesoftheuniverse.suspendv．暂停，中止，悬，挂；悬浮(suspensionn．停职；悬浮；暂停，中止)besuspendedfromone’sjob被停职besuspendedby被……悬挂(1)Ithinkhersuspension(suspend)fromtheteamisaveryharshpunishment.(2)Alampwassuspendedbydelicatechainsfromtheceiling.(3)(安慰信)听到你被停职的消息，我感到非常遗憾，我相信你可以证明自己的清白。IamterriblysorrytohearthatyouhavebeensuspendedfromyourjobandIdobelievethatyoucanproveyourinnocence.submitv．提交，呈递；屈服[submissionn．屈服；提交(物)，呈递(物)]submitsthtosb将某物提交给某人submit(oneself)to屈从于……(1)Submission(s)(submit)mustbemadeintoasinglePDFnolargerthan10MBandnomorethaneighttotalpages.(2)(2022•新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)大卫擦掉眼泪，昂起头，坚定地说道：“我不会屈从于其他人的看法。”Davidwipedhistearsandheldhisheadhigh，remarkingdeterminedly，“Iwon’tsubmit(myself)toothers’thoughts.”(3)对这次夏令营感兴趣的同学须于5月15日前向学生会办公室提交申请表及相关材料。ThosewhoareinterestedinthesummercampmustsubmittheapplicationsandrelevantmaterialstotheOfficeoftheStudentAssociationbyMay15.be/get/becomeaccustomedto(doing)sth习惯于(做)某事(accustomedadj.习惯于；惯常的accustomvt.使习惯于)accustomsb/oneselfto(doing)sth使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事MrKingwasaccustomedtolivinginthecountrysideandfoundithardtosuspendthislifeandliveinthecity.＝Accustomedtolivinginthecountryside/Accustominghimselftolivinginthecountryside，MrKingfoundithardtosuspendthislifeandliveinthecity.(用分词短语作状语改写)castashadowon/over给……蒙上阴影castdown使失望；使沮丧(多用于被动语态)castoff摆脱掉；抛弃castaway使(船遇难后的幸存者)流落某处；扔掉；浪费(多用于被动语态)(续写之片段描写)由于一场突如其来的暴风雨，两名水手流落到了遥远的岛屿上。茫茫无际的大海看不到任何救援迹象，这给他们的心中蒙上了一层阴影。他们如此沮丧以至于不知道如何摆脱掉内心的恐惧，泪水夺眶而出。Twosailorswerecastawayonadistantislandduetoanunexpectedrainstorm.Endlessemptyseawithnorescuesigncastashadowon/overtheirhearts.Theyweresocastdownthattheyhadnoideahowtocastofftheirinnerfright，withtearswellingupintheireyes.itbe＋v.-ed＋that...Soon，itwasunderstoodthattheSunwasjustonestaramongbillionsinthegalaxywecalltheMilkyWay.很快，人们认识到，太阳只是我们称之为“银河系”的星系中数十亿颗恒星中的一颗。it作形式主语而that从句是真正主语的常见句式有：Itbe＋过去分词＋that从句Itbe＋名词词组/adj.＋that从句It＋特殊动词(seem/turnout/occurtosb/...)＋that从句(1)据宣布，即将到来的校园艺术节将延期，让我们学生们感到很失望。但令人兴奋的是，我们学校正在计划举办一个特殊的活动，以丰富我们的校园生活。Ithasbeenannouncedthattheupcomingcampusartfestivalwillbepostponed，whichdisappointsusstudents，butitisexcitingthatourschoolisplanningtohostaspecialeventtoenrichourcampuslife.(2)(续写之动作链描写)我突然想到十分钟后我有一个重要的会议要参加，我穿上衣服，马不停蹄地跑下楼，向会议室冲去。ItoccurredtomethatIhadanimportantmeetingtoattendintenminutesandIputonmyclothes，randownstairswithoutstoppinganddashedforthemeetingroom.(3)(续写之主题升华句)事实证明，只要我们永不放弃，任何困境终会有出路。此外，我们的责任不仅在于自己坚守这份信念，更要去鼓励身边那些陷入困境的人。Itturnsoutthatthere’salwaysawayoutofanytroubleaslongaswenevergiveup.Besides,itisourresponsibility/dutythatwenotonlyholdontothisfaithourselvesbutalsoencouragethosearounduswhoarestuckinhardships.用法点拨在英语中，形式主语或形式宾语一般用it，而不用this，that或其他代词。1．Sheangled①theladderatanangle②of30degrees，butfrommypersonalangle③，thiswasinappropriate.①v.斜置②n.角③n.角度，观点2．Thebookiswritteninthestraightforward①languagebecausetheauthorhasastraightforward②character.①adj.简单的②adj.坦率的3．Westoodatthemountainfoot，staringattheawesome①view.Buttheguidewarnedustheclimbwouldbehard.Still，wedecidedtotry，knowingevensuchanawesome②challengewouldfeelrewardingoncewereachedthetop.①adj.令人惊叹的②adj.可怕的；很困难的提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇1．OnceIthrewmyselfintoit，Ihadnodifficultyinworkingouttheproblem.2.Thinkingtwice，Idecidedtosignupforthebasketballteam.3．Inastronomy，manycelestialbodies(天体)likeblackholesareinvisible(visible)tothenakedeye.4．Tragically(tragic)，shewasabandonedasababybyherparentsonacoldnight.5．Thereisneveranydoubtthathowancientpyramidswerebuiltisamysteryforhumanbeings.Sofar，we1.havebecome(become)accustomedtoobservingthenightskywithatelescopeandmostofushavebeenawarethatitis2.anawesomeinvention.Withthe3.assistance(assist)ofit，wecanseenumberlessstarsinvisibletothenakedeye.4.However/Nevertheless，ourquestisfarbeyondobservingtheunexceptionalstars，andwehavebeentrying5.toexplore(explore)manygalaxiesintheuniverse.Oureffortsneversuspend，althoughthelossoftheChallengeroncecastashadow6.on/overourhearts.Withthepurposeofrekindlingyoungpupils’interestinspacetravel，thespaceshuttle7.took(take)offon28January1986.Butonlyaminutelater，itinstantaneouslyexplodedandthelivesofitscrewweretragicallycutshort,8.making(make)peoplescreamwithhorror.Allthecrewsacrificedtheirlives,9.buttheirspiritswouldinspireustocontinuetoreachforthestars.Howeverhazardousand10.distant(distance)thestarsare，wewon’tsubmitourselvestodifficulties.假定你是李华，今天你校组织高三学生参加了市博物馆举办的“中国航天成就展”活动。请你就此次活动用英语写一篇题为“AVisittotheAchievementExpoofChinaAerospace”的短文，向学校的《校园生活月报》CampusLifeMonthly投稿，分享此次活动。内容包括：1.参加人员；2.活动内容；3.个人感想。完成句子1．当我们漫步在展厅中时，各种各样的栩栩如生的航天飞机模型首先吸引了我们的目光。(while引导的时间状语从句)Whilewewerewalkingthroughtheexhibitionhall，variouslifelikemodelsofthespaceshuttlecaughtoureyesfirst.2．这表明我国在该领域付出了巨大努力。(Itisdemonstratedthat...)Itisdemonstratedthatourcountryhasmadegreateffortsinthisfield.3．最让我们惊喜的是航天模拟器，在那里我们可以亲身体验“太空飞行”。(what引导的主语从句；where引导的非限制性定语从句)Whatsurprisedusmostwastheaerospacesimulator，wherewecouldexperience“spaceflight”personally.4．我们出席了内容丰富的讲座，还观看了极具冲击力的火箭发射视频，这些都帮助我们对中国航天有了更深刻的认识。(which引导的非限制性定语从句)Weattendedinformativelecturesandwatchedextremelyexcitingvideosofrocketlaunches，whichhelpedustogetdeeperinsightsintoChinaAerospace.5．正是因为我们从不向困难低头，才在太空探索领域取得了举世瞩目的成就。(submitoneselfto；强调句)Itisbecauseweneversubmitourselvestodifficultiesthatwehavemaderemarkableaccomplishmentsinspaceexploration.6．我深信中国永远不会中止探索太空，未来我们可以取得更多成就。(suspend)IamgreatlyconvincedthatChinawillneversuspendexploringspaceandwecanachievemoreinthefuture.组句成篇把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。参考范文AVisittotheAchievementExpoofChinaAerospaceToday’striptotheCityMuseumisreallyanawesomeexperience，whichwillbeengravedinourmindforever.Allseniorthreestudentsvisitedtheexhibitionthemed“AchievementsofChinaAerospace”．Whilewewerewalkingthroughtheexhibitionhall，variouslifelikemodelsofthespaceshuttlecaughtoureyesfirst.Itisdemonstratedthatourcountryhasmadegreateffortsinthisfield.Whatsurprisedusmostwastheaerospacesimulator，wherewecouldexperience“spaceflight”personally.Thoughitwaschallenging，weallenjoyedit.Lastly，weattendedinformativelecturesandwatchedextremelyexcitingvideosofrocketlaunches，whichhelpedustogetdeeperinsightsintoChinaAerospace.Itisbecauseweneversubmitourselvestodifficultiesthatwehavemaderemarkableaccomplishmentsinspaceexploration.Afterthevisit，IamgreatlyconvincedthatChinawillneversuspendexploringspaceandwecanachievemoreinthefuture.语料积累主题语境结尾升华技巧：脱困类脱困类读后续写常常涉及危险的情节，如火灾、在森林里遇到猛兽、在森林里迷路等。此类主题可采用下列升华诀窍：诀窍一：经历＋感悟Thatdaywassounforgettablethatitwouldbeengravedinmymindforever.那一天是如此难忘，它将被永远刻在我的脑海里。诀窍二：名言/句型＋感悟OnlythenwasIawarethatitwascouragethatenabledustoovercomewhateverhardshipswecameacross.直到那时我才意识到，是勇气使我们能够克服我们遇到的任何困难。Withjointeffortswefinallyachievedourgoal.Justastheoldsayinggoes，“Wherethere’sawill，there’saway.”在大家的共同努力下，我们终于达成了目标。正如那句老话所说：“有志者，事竟成。”语料运用探索火星Whenmyfriend，anastronomer，askedmewhichplanetIwouldliketogoto，I①screamedatthetopofmyvoice，“Mars！”Butmyfriendreplied，“Therearestillmanychallengeswaitingtobesolved.Withthetemperatureaveragingbelow－60℃，wecan’tgotoMarsyet.”②Iwascastdown.Myfriendadded，“③Onlyifwedon’tsubmitourselvestodifficultiescanweachieveourgoal(部分倒装)．④Justasanoldsayinggoes，‘Wherethere’sawill，there’saway.’(升华句)”Hearingthis，Ifeltthehopeinmyheartwasrekindled.当我的朋友，一名天文学家，问我想去哪颗行星时，我用最大的声音叫道：“火星！”但是我的朋友回道：“仍然有许多等待解决的挑战。由于平均气温低于零下60摄氏度，我们还不能去火星。”我很失望。我的朋友补充道：“只有我们不屈服于困难我们才能实现目标。正如那句老话所说，‘有志者，事竟成。’”听到这些话，我感觉心中的希望被重新点燃了。单元主题组合练(分值：62.5分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)AInMortenTyldum’smoviePassengers，charactersJimPrestonandAuroraLaneareona120-yearinterstellarjourneywith5,000otherpeople.Theirdestination：HomesteadⅡ，anewworldtostarttheirlivesanew.Tosurvivethetravel，passengersenteredhibernation(冬眠)，eachonefrozenintheirownpod.However，somethinggoeswrongandJimandAurorawakeup90yearstooearly.ButwhatifwetoldyouthathibernationforspacetravelismorelikelytohappenthantheromanticstorybetweenJimandAurora?Hibernationisastateinwhichlivingorganismsslowdowntheirmetabolic(新陈代谢的)processeswhilemaintainingessentialfunctions.Onceinsidethesepods，astronautswillgetdrugstoadjustmetabolism，reducecoretemperature，andcauseinactivity.OncebackonEarth，theywillwakeupandgraduallyreadopttheirnormalfunctionalmetabolism.ForgoingtoMars，astronautswouldrequireabout30kgoffood，water，air，andothersuppliesperday.Thus，hibernationcansignificantlycutdownontheiressentialneeds.Additionally，hibernatingastronautswouldn’tgetbored，stressed，orlonely，andlesstimeandspacewouldbeneededtohelpkeepthemfitorentertained.Butthisismerelythetheory.Spaceagenciesareinvestigatingwhetherreducingbodytemperatureandlaterinducing(导致)metabolismisamorepracticaloption，while，mostresearchprojectsarecurrentlyfocusingonanimals.Thequestionis：howcanweevokehibernationinspeciesthatarenotnormallydoingthat？Andthisiswhytheresearchonrats，notnaturallyhibernatinganimals，isinteresting.Researchonbearsisalsoimportantsincetheirbodysizeismore①relatabletoours.Theconceptisnotbeingconsideredforthe②forthcomingMarsmission，butforlongermissionstofartherdestinationssuchastheouterplanets，itcouldbeaveryusefultechnology.Hibernationforhumansisanethicallycontroversialconcept，andcriticsmayconsideritasamadscientist’sdream.However，withoutsuchdreamers，humanitywouldstillbeintheMiddleAges.语篇解读这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了太空旅行中冬眠的理论及其研究进展。1．WhydoestheauthormentionthemoviePassengers?A．Toadvertiseapopularsci-fispacemovie.B．Tointroduceanewapproachtolongspaceflights.C．Toexplorethepossibilityofsettlinganotherplanet.D．Torevealthepotentialdangersoflongspacetravels.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段中“However，somethinggoeswrongandJimandAurorawakeup90yearstooearly.ButwhatifwetoldyouthathibernationforspacetravelismorelikelytohappenthantheromanticstorybetweenJimandAurora？”可推知，作者提到电影《太空旅客》是为了引出下文关于太空旅行中冬眠这一话题，介绍一种长途太空飞行的新方法。故选B。2．Whathappenstohibernatingastronauts?A．Theirfunctionalmetabolismisdisturbed.B．Theyneedmoretimeandspaceforentertainment.C．Theylosethebalancebetweenbasicneedsandsupplies.D．Theirphysicalandmentalneedsarereducedtoaminimum.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第二、三段可知，冬眠的宇航员基本需求会显著减少，也不会感到无聊、有压力或孤独，用于保持健康和娱乐的时间和空间也更少，说明他们的身体和心理需求都被降到了最低。故选D。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evoke”inparagraph4mean?A．Initiate. B．Justify.C．Define. D．Prioritize.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据第四段中“Andthisiswhytheresearchonrats，notnaturallyhibernatinganimals，isinteresting.Researchonbearsisalsoimportantsincetheirbodysizeismorerelatabletoours.”可知，此处为我们如何让那些通常不冬眠的物种进入冬眠状态？故可猜测画线单词evoke为“唤起，引起”的意思，和A选项Initiate“发起，启动”意思相近。故选A。4．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhibernationforhumans?A．Itmaybeariskystrategy.B．Itisadreamhardtorealize.C．Itcanadvancesocialprogress.D．Itchallengestraditionalmoralvalues.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Hibernationforhumansisanethicallycontroversialconcept，andcriticsmayconsideritasamadscientist’sdream.However，withoutsuchdreamers，humanitywouldstillbeintheMiddleAges.”可知，作者认为人类冬眠在伦理上有争议，批评者可能认为这是疯狂科学家的梦想，但如果没有这样的梦想家，人类可能还处于中世纪，说明作者认为人类冬眠可以推动社会进步。故选C。语境猜词①relatable(派)＝relat(e)＋ableadj.有关系的②forthcoming(合)＝forth＋comingadj.即将发生的BStarsareborninspecialareasofspacecalledstellarnurseries(恒星孕育区)，wherelargeamountsofgasanddustcometogethertoformnewstars.Theseenormousregions，alsoknownasmolecular(分子的)clouds，stretchacrosshundredsoflight-yearsandcreatethousandsofstars.However，didstarsalwaysforminthesamewaythroughouttheuniverse’shistory?ArecentstudyfromKyushuUniversityandOsakaMetropolitanUniversitysuggeststhatstarsintheearlyuniversemighthaveformedinsoftmolecularclouds，whichmakethemfloatlikecotton.ThisdiscoverywasmadebyobservingtheSmallMagellanicCloud(SMC)，asmallgalaxyneartheMilkyWay.TheSMChasfewerheavyelementscomparedtoourgalaxy，makingitsimilartotheconditionsoftheearlyuniverseabout10billionyearsago.Inourgalaxy，molecularcloudsthathelpformstarsusuallyhavealongthinshape.Scientiststhinkthesolarsystemwascreatedinasimilarway，wherealargemolecularcloud①brokeaparttoformacorethateventuallybecameastar.Overtime，gravitypulledmoregasand②matterintothesecores，leadingtostarformation.KazukiTokuda，aresearcheratKyushuUniversity，explainsthatunderstandinghowstarsformedintheearlyuniverseischallengingbecausetheuniversewasmostlymadeofhydrogenandhelium(氦)backthen.Tostudythis，theteamusedtheALMAradiotelescopeinChiletoobservetheSMC.Theyfoundthat60%ofthemolecularcloudshadtheusuallongthinshape，while40%weresoft.Thetemperatureinsidethethincloudswashigherthanthatinthesoftones，whichmightbeduetohowoldthecloudsare.Ifamoleculecloudkeepsitslongshape，it’smorelikelytobreakapartandformmanystarslikethesun.However，ifitbecomessoft，itmaybeharderforstarstoform.Thisstudyshowsthathavingenoughheavyelementsisimportantformaintainingthelongshapeofmolecularclouds，whichcanbecrucialforformingplanetarysystems.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了恒星诞生于恒星孕育区，重点讲述了一项关于早期宇宙中恒星形成方式的研究，以及分子云形状和元素对恒星形成的影响。5．Howdoestheauthorintroducethetext?A．Bylistingscientificdata.B．Bydescribinganaturalprocess.C．Byraisingmultiplequestions.D．Bycomparingmolecules.答案B解析写作手法题。根据第一段中“Starsareborninspecialareasofspacecalledstellarnurseries(恒星孕育区)，wherelargeamountsofgasanddustcometogethertoformnewstars.Theseenormousregions，alsoknownasmolecular(分子的)clouds，stretchacrosshundredsoflight-yearsandcreatethousandsofstars.”可知，作者通过描述恒星形成的自然过程来引入文章主题。故选B。6．Whatisthestudymainlyabout?A．TheSMC’scomposition.B．Thesubstancesoftheuniverse.C．Thepropertiesofsoftmolecularclouds.D．Thestarformationintheearlyuniverse.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“ArecentstudyfromKyushuUniversityandOsakaMetropolitanUniversitysuggeststhatstarsintheearlyuniversemighthaveformedinsoftmolecularclouds，whichmakethemfloatlikecotton.”可知，这项研究主要是关于早期宇宙中恒星的形成。故选D。7．Whatcouldpossiblyberelatedtothetemperaturedifferenceinmolecularclouds?A．Theirsize. B．Theirheight.C．Theirshape. D．Theirage.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段中“Thetemperatureinsidethethincloudswashigherthanthatinthesoftones，whichmightbeduetohowoldthecloudsare.”可知，分子云中的温度差异可能与它们的年龄有关。故选D。8．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A．Theconditionsforstarstoform.B．Theuseofelementsinsoftclouds.C．Thestructuresofmolecularclouds.D．Thecomplexityofplanetarysystems.答案A解析段落大意题。根据最后一段“Ifamoleculecloudkeepsitslongshape，it’smorelikelytobreakapartandformmanystarslikethesun.However，ifitbecomessoft，itmaybeharderforstarstoform.Thisstudyshowsthathavingenoughheavyelementsisimportantformaintainingthelongshapeofmolecularclouds，whichcanbecrucialforformingplanetarysystems.”可知，最后一段主要讲述了恒星形成的条件。故选A。语境猜词①breakapart分裂，分离②matter(熟义：v.重要，要紧)生义(文义)：n.物质Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)Severaldecadesafterhumanssuccessfullyputtheirfirstobjectintospace，it’smucheasiertolaunchasatellite，butalotmessieroncewe’reupthere.1Therearearound5,000satellitesinorbitwithfewerthanhalfactuallyworking.Whenasatellitestopsfunctioning，itkeepsorbitingatveryhighspeeds，makingagreatthreatfortheusefulones.Sospacesustainabilityhasbecomeabigconcern.2Onesuggestedsolutionisto①refuelthedeadsatellitesandbringthembacktolife.Anotherconceptistousearobotwithfourarmstocatchadeadsatellitebeforepullingitintotheatmospheretoburnitup.3Operatingarobotfromhundredsofmilesawayistough.Andtheworldhasn’tyetreachedaconsensus(共识)onwhyweshouldclearthespacejunkandtherearenorealrulesthatgovernhowweworkoutthere.Firstwhyshouldwekeepthingscleaninorbit?Weusesatellitestochecktheweather，findourwayaround，andforfinancialpurposes.Spacedatagivesusnotjustbeautifulpicturesoftheearth，butalsoinformationaboutclimatechange，naturaldisastersandotherthingsthatcanhelphumanswith②earthboundchallenges.4Thenhowcanwehumansthinkasonebigcommunity?Governmentsshouldmakepowerfulregulations.Companiesoughttoengageinsharedpracticesandscientistsareexpectedtothinkuppracticalmethods.5Onlyinthiswaycanwekeepthoseorbitalhighwaysopenforthenextgenerationandbeyondbeforetheyaredeadlyblockedbyspacejunk.A．Theyprovideservicescloselyrelatedtoourlife.B．Thisishardbothtechnicallyandpolitically，though.C．Anyway，weshouldquickenthepaceofclearingup.D．Spaceisgettingincreasinglycrowdedanddangerous.E．Sowedependlargelyonspaceanditneedstobetidiedup.F．Scientistsarestrugglingforstrategiestotackletheproblem.G．Allofthesehavebeenintegratedintothesolutionswereallyneed.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了太空垃圾的现状以及呼吁全球共同清除垃圾。1．答案D解析由后文“Therearearound5,000satellitesinorbitwithfewerthanhalfactuallyworking.Whenasatellitestopsfunctioning，itkeepsorbitingatveryhighspeeds，makingagreatthreatfortheusefulones.”可知，这里主要讲在轨卫星越来越多，只有不到一半的卫星在使用中，并且没用的卫星还会威胁其他正在使用的卫星。D项“Spaceisgettingincreasinglycrowdedanddangerous.”符合语境，是对后文的概述，其中dangerous与后文agreatthreat对应。故选D。2．答案F解析由后文内容可知，后文在讲解决太空垃圾的方案。F项“Scientistsarestrugglingforstrategiestotackletheproblem.”符合语境，其中strategies和后文Onesuggestedsolution以及Anotherconcept对应。故选F。3．答案B解析由后文内容可知，后文主要讲了清理垃圾在技术和政治上的困难。B项“Thisishardbothtechnicallyandpolitically，though.”符合语境，是本段的中心句。故选B。4．答案E解析由上文“Spacedatagivesusnotjustbeautifulpicturesoftheearth，butalsoinformationaboutclimatechange，naturaldisastersandotherthingsthatcanhelphumanswithearthboundchallenges.”可知，这里主要讲卫星提供的太空数据对我们的用处，也是我们要保持太空清洁的原因。因此E项“Sowedependlargelyonspaceanditneedstobetidiedup.”符合语境。故选E。5．答案G解析由上文内容可知，这里主要从几方面讲我们人类应该怎样做来清理太空垃圾。G项“Allofthesehavebeenintegratedintothesolutionswereallyneed.”符合语境，其中Allofthese与上文的几方面措施对应。故选G。语境猜词①refuel(派)＝re＋fuelv．补充燃料②earthbound(合)＝earth＋boundadj.地球上的Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)China’sspace①explorationhasonceagainachievedagreatsuccess.ThelaunchoftheShenzhou-19spacecraftwasa②memorablemomentforallChinese，markingthebeginningofanew1inChina’sspacejourney.TheLongMarch-2Frocketwastheperfect2forthisimportantmissionwithitsimpressiveappearanceandstabletechnology，andtheastronautsunderwent3training.Atzeroseconds，witheveryone’shearts4，therocketsoaredintothesky，leavingatrailoffireandsmoke.BackonEarth，peoplewatchedthelaunchonTVand5theastronauts’progressthroughlivebroadcast.Thesuccessfullaunchandoperationofthespacecraft6China’sabilitytocompetewiththeworld’sleadingspaceagencies.Duringthemission，theastronautswillhave7taskstoaccomplish.Theywill8scientificexperimentsandprepareforfuturemissions.Theywillalsotaketimetoenjoythebeautiful9ofEarthfromspace.TheShenzhou-19spacecraftissupposedto10itsmissionaftersixmonthsinspace.Thesuccessofthemissionwillinspiremanyyoungpeopletopursuetheirdreamsofbecomingastronauts.Since2003，witheachnewmission，Chinahasshownitsabilityto11andpushtheboundariesofhumanknowledge.Andwithitsstrongscientificandtechnological12，Chinaissuretomakegreaterachievementsinthefuture.TheShenzhou-19missionisaconstant13ofChina’sgrowinginfluenceinspaceexploration.ItmarksanewerainChina’sspaceexplorationand14theworld’sattentiontothecountry’sdevelopment.AsChinacontinuestoprogress，wecanonlyimaginewhatthefutureholdsforthis15nation.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述中国的“神舟19号”飞船成功发射及其影响，这标志着中国太空旅程新篇章的开始。1．A.framework B．chapterC．mode D．platform答案B解析framework框架；chapter篇章；mode模式；platform平台。结合语境以及最后一段中“ItmarksanewerainChina’sspaceexploration”可知，“神舟19号”飞船的发射标志着中国太空旅程新篇章的开始，故选B。2．A.option B．combinationC．location D．definition答案A解析option选择；combination结合；location位置；definition定义。结合下文“withitsimpressiveappearanceandstabletechnology”可知，“长征二号F”