人教版初三（上）英语第4讲：UNIT 2 语法篇 （教师版）

Unit2语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________熟练掌握本章重点语法知识。一、由that,if和whether引导的宾语从句

1.由陈述句充当宾语从句时，这个宾语从句由that引导，在口语中that可以省略。

I

hear(that)

she’s

going

to

give

you

a

call.

注意：（1）宾语从句要用陈述句语序。

I

believe

that

she

has

left

the

city.

(2)如果主句是一般过去时，从句则只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时）。

I

said

that

it

was

time

we

were

setting

out.

(3)如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理、自然现象或公式、定理、谚语、名人名言等，则用一般现在时。

He

said

that

light

travels

faster

than

sound.2.由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，该从句由if/whether引导，且从句要用陈述句语序。

He

asked

if/whether

they

needed

any

help.

温馨提示：

if和whether引导的宾语从句时，一般情况下可以互换，但要注意下列情况：

(1)宾语从句至句首时用whether。Whether

it

is

true

or

not,I

can’t

say.

(2)介词后用whether

.It

depends

on

whether

you

can

do

the

work

well.

(3)与不定式连用whether。He

can’t

decide

whether

to

accept

or

refuse.

(4)当与or

not连用时用whether。二．what和how引导的感叹句

1.感叹句句型结构

（1）what引导的感叹句的中心词时名词。该名词前常有形容词修饰，句中的主语和谓语一般可省去。句型结构为：what(+a/an)+形容词+名词（主语+谓语）！

What

a

cold

day(it

is)

today!

What

delicious

food(it

is)!

What引导感叹句中的名词若为单数可数名词，要用不定冠词a/an，而不用the；若为复数或不可数名词，则不用冠词。

（2）how引导的感叹句的中心词时形容词或副词。其句型结构为：how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！或how+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！

How

cold

it

is

today!

How

happy

the

children

are!

2.陈述句改为感叹句常使用“一断二加三换位”的方法：

(1)“一断”，即在谓语动词后边断开，把句子分成两部分

She

is~a

beautiful

girl.

He

works

~hard.

(2)“二加”，即如果第二部分的第一个词为形容词、副词，就加上how；如果是名词（词组），就加上what。

She

is~（what）a

beautiful

girl.

He

works

~(how)

hard.

(3)“三换位”，即把第一部分与第二部分互换位置，同时把句号换为感叹句。

What

a

beautiful

girl

she

is!

How

hard

he

works!易错易混全解bring,carry,fetch与take

(1)bring表示“拿来，带来”，指从别处把某物带来。它表示单程，与take的方向相反。This

little

girl

brought

me

here.

(2)carry表示“携带，搬运”，有“负担”的含义，它指从一地到另一地的运动，但不说明动作的方向。

The

box

is

too

heavy

for

me

to

carry.

(3)fetch表示“去取来，去请来”，指到别处去把某物取来，或把某人接来。它表示往返，指双程。

He

rushed

home

to

fetch

his

raincoat.

Run

and

fetch

the

doctor,

please

.

(4)take表示“拿走，带走”，指把某物从说话者所在地拿走，或把人带走。它指单程，与bring的方向相反。

Take

the

letter

to

the

post

office.

I

want

to

take

some

books

to

the

classroom.

Could

you

help

me,

please

1.Thecat______onthekitchenfloorwhenIcamein.A.waslying B.waslaying C.lied D.lay2.—CanyousparetimetocometoourThanksgivingparty?—Well,Idon’tknow____A.thatIcanfinishmyworkbythenB.ifcanIfinishtheworkbythenC.whetherIcanfinishtheworkbythenD.thatcanIfinishtheworkbythen3.______fineweatheritistoday!A.Whata B.Howa C.What D.How4.I’vedecidedtogotoLondonnextweekend.Iwaswondering______youcouldgowithme.A.if B.when C.that D.Where5.Mothertoldmesound______slowerthanlight.A.traveled B.travel C.travels D.traveling解析：1.A由句意“当我进来时，猫正卧在厨房的地板上”可知，此处应用过去进行时，lie（躺）的现在分词为lying，故选A。2.C由句意“你能抽时间参见感恩节聚会吗？我不太确定那是我能不能完成我的工作。且宾语从句中从句为陈述句语序，故选C。3.Cweather为不可数名词，故用what引导感叹句且不用冠词a。4.A句意：我已经决定下周末去伦敦。我想知道你是否能和我一起去。故选A。5.C句意：妈妈告诉我声音传播得比光慢。宾语从句所述内容为客观真理时，其时态要用一般现在时，故选C。基础演练从方框中选择合适的词完成句子，注意词形的变化puton,lay,treat,lie,steal,endup,spread,tie1.Kateatefivemealsadayduringthesummervacation.Shehas__________8pounds.2.Iamgoingto__________myselftoanewpairofshoes.3.SantaClaus__________loveandjoyeverywherehegoes.4.Ifhedoesn'tmakeachange,hewill__________inprison.5.She__________thebabydowngentlyonthebedlastnight.6.Clotheswere__________alloverthefloor.7.We'vefoundouthe'dbeen__________fromusforyears.8.CommongiftsforFather'sDayareshirtsand__________.答案：1.puton2.treat3.spreads4.endup5.laid6.lying7.stealing8.Ties巩固提高一．将下列句子改为感叹句，每空一词。1.Theweatherisfine.________________________itis!2.Thestoriesareveryboring.________________thestoriesare!3.Thebuildingissotall.________________tallbuildingitis!4.Tomisrunningveryfast.________________Tomisrunning!5.Theboyisverylazy.________________theboyis![答案：Whatfineweather

Howboring

3.Whata4.Howfast

5.Howlazy二．将下列句子合并成含宾语从句的复合句。1.Thegirldancesverywell.Ibelieve.____________________________________________2.TheywillvisittheGreatWallnextFriday.I’msure.____________________________________________3.CanMikespeakChinese?Iwonder.____________________________________________Isshewashingclothesathome?Nobodyknows.____________________________________________5.Youshouldsayhellotoher.Ithink.____________________________________________答案：1.believe(that)thegirldancesverywell.2.I’msure(that)theywillvisittheGreatWallnextFriday.3.Iwonderwhether/ifMikecanspeakChinese.4.Nobodyknowswhether/ifsheiswashingclothesathome.5.Ithink(that)youshouldsayhellotoher.一.选择填空。1.I'veenjoyed__________totalkwithyou.A.toheable B.beingableC.tobeenable D.ofbeingable2.Doesitmatter__________itrainstomorrow?A.that B.weatherC.if D.as3.__________foodyou'vecooked!A.Hownice B.WhatniceC.Howanice D.Whatannice4.Itisatimefor__________.A.rememberinglovedoneswhohavedepartedB.rememberlovedoneswhohavedepartedC.torememberlovedoneswhohavedepartedD.haverememberedlovedoneswhohavedeparted5.Thelittlegirlwho__________onthebed__________tohermotherthattheoldhenhad__________twoeggs.A.lay;lay;lied B.lied;lied;liedC.laid;laid;laid D.lay;lied;laid6Letmeknow__________youcancomeornot.whether B.whenC.how D.what7._________greatday!Let’sgoouttohaveapicnic.A.Whata B.WhatC.How D.Howa8.Youwillbelateforschool_________youdon’tgetupearly.A.but B.ifC.and D.or9.Alotoftrees_________aroundhereeveryyear,andwecanenjoyfresherairnow.A.wereplanted B.areplantedC.willplant D.areplanting10.Whatnicemodelplanes!Canyoushowus_________youmakethem?A.whether B.howC.why D.which11.Idon'tknow__________.A.whattimethemoviestartsB.whattimestartsthemovieC.thetimetostartthemovieD.themoviewhattimestarts12.Thedoctoraskedmehowlong__________.A.wasIill B.haveIbeenillC.Ihavebeenill D.Ihadbeenill13.Theweatherforecastdoesn’tsay__________.A.ifitrainstomorrowB.ifdoesitraintomorrowC.ifitwillraintomorrowD.ifwillitraintomorrow14.Doyouknow__________?A.whosepenisthisB.whosepenthisisC.whomdoesthepenbelongtoD.whomthepenbelongto15.Couldyoutellmewhere__________?A.thetapewasB.wasthetapeC.thetapeisD.isthetape答案：BCBADAABBBADCBC二．完型。Mother'sDayisatimeofcommemoration(纪念)andcelebrationforMom.Itisatimeofbreakfastinbed,familygatherings,andcrayonsscribbling"ILoveYou".TheearliestMother'sDaycelebrationscanbedated1tothespringcelebrationsofancientGreeceinhonorofRhea,theMotheroftheGods.During2,Englandcelebratedadaycalled"MotheringSunday"."MotheringSunday"honoredthemothersof3.IntheUnitedStatesMother'sDaywasfirstsuggestedin1872byJuliaWardHowe.In1907,AnnaJarvis,fromPhiladelphia,beganacampaign(运动)toestablish(建立)a4Mother'sDay.MsJarvispersuaded(说服)hermother'schurchinGrafton.WestVirginiatocelebrateMother'sDayonthesecondanniversary(周年纪念日)ofhermother's5,the2ndSundayofMay.AndthenextyearMother’sDay6inPhiladelphia.MsJarvisandhersupportersbeganto7officials,businessmen,andpoliticiansintheirquesttoestablishanationalMother’sDay.Itwassuccessful.81911Mother'sDaywascelebratedinalmostevery9.PresidentWoodrowWilson,in1914,announcedMother'sDayasanationalholidaythatwastobeheldonthe2ndSundayofMayeachyear.WhilemanycountriesoftheworldcelebratetheirownMother'sDayat10throughouttheyear,therearesomecountriessuchasDenmark.Finland,Italy,Turkey,Australia,andBelgiumwhichalsocelebrateMother'sDayonthesecondSundayofMay.A.up B.backC.from D.downA.1620's B.1620sC.the1620s D.the1620'sA.America B.worldC.England D.GreeceA.public B.commonC.traditional D.nationalA.die B.deathC.dying D.Dead6.A.wascelebrated B.celebratedC.hadcelebrated D.hadbeencelebrated7.A.calling B.writetoC.telephone D.sende-mailstoA.By B.InC.Before D.AfterA.city B.countryC.state D.place10.A.timesB.thesametimeC.differenttimes D.anothertime答案:BCCDBABACC__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一、根据汉语提示完成句子1.-Helen,doyouknowifMartin__________tomypartynextweek?-Ithinkhewillcomeifhe__________free.A.willcome;willbeB.willcome;isC.comes;isD.comes;willbe2.__________clevertheboyis!A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Howa3.Haveyoudecided__________forAustralia?A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleaveC.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave4.Canyoutellme__________?A.wheredoesTornliveB.whereTomlivedC.TomliveswhereD.whereTomLives5.Theoldmanaskedme__________.A.wherewasthecinemaB.whereisthecinemaC.wherethecinemawasD.wherewasthewaytothecinema6.Doyouknow__________he'smarried?A.ifB.whatC.whenD.where7.Ididn'tknow__________hewillcomeornot.A.thatB.whetherC.weatherD.how8.Iwonder__________.A.howmuchcosttheseshoesB.howmuchdotheseshoescostC.howmuchtheseshoescostD.howmucharetheseshoescost9.Sheaskedme__________.A.whohewasB.whowasheC.whoisheD.whoheisAskhim__________.A.whosecupthisisB.whosecupisthisC.thisiswhosecupD.whoseisthiscup答案：BADDCABCAA（2015年人教版九年级上期中测试题）二．完形填空。Ihaveaveryusefuldictionary.Ithasalotofwords.Itgivesmanymeaningsfor

1

word.ButIalways

readthefirstmeaningofawordinthedictionary.Ineverreadtheothermeanings,becauseIwantedtoreadmybook

2

Thismorning,

3

Iwasreadingabook,Imetastrangesentence.Itlooked

4

first.The

sentencehadsixwords:"Drawapictureofyourhouse"Iknowfivewordsinthissentence,butIdidn'tunderstandoneword.I

5

"draw".Iopenedmydictionaryand

6

thefirstmeaningof"draw".Itwas"pull".Isaidtomyself"NowIknowallthewords,andIthinkIcanunderstandthesentence."SOIwrotethemeaningofthesentence"Pullapictureofyourhouse."Ireadit,and"Whatisthemeaningofit.'?Idon'tunderstandit."

MyfriendDickreadmynewsentence.Helaughed.Hepicked

7

mydictionary,andsaidtome."Look,Jack.Thesecondmeaningof'draw'is'makeapicture

8

apen,apencil

9

brush'.Sothe

sentencemeans:Makeapictureofyourhouse."Iunderstood!IthoughtDickwaswonderful.And

10

I

knewhowtousemydictionary.()1.A.some

(

)2.A.quickly

(

)3.A.how

(

)4.A.difficult

(

)5.A.don'tknow

(

)6.A.lookedfor

(

)7.A.by

(

)8.A.use

(

)9.A.ora

(

)10.A.atlast

B.another

B.quick

B.who

B.hardly

B.didn'tknow

B.discovered

B.out

B.with

B.anda

B.atthebeginningC.each

C.slow

C.what

C.easy

C.knew

C.found

C.up

C.on

C.and

C.attheendD.theother

D.slowly

D.when

D.easily

D.know

D.invented

D.with

D.by

D.or

D.atfirst

答案：CADCB

CCBAA三．阅读理解。AAroundtheworld,peoplehavedifferenttraditionalfoodstocelebratedifferentfestivals.Traditionalfoodsalsoshowanewyearofgoodluckandgoodhealth.AnEnglishChristmasdinnerhasamealofturkey,anditalsoincludespiesandplumpuddings(李子布丁).InGermany,Christmasiscelebratedwithbread,cookiesandcakes,whicharemadelikeChristmastrees.InFrance,Christmasdessertisacakefilledwithbuttercream.InsouthernpartsofIndia,thereisathree-dayfestivalinmid-JanuarycalledPongal.Itincludesriceandadishofricecookedwithsugarthatissharedwithfamiliesandfriends.JapancelebratesNewYearwithaseven-dayfestival.ItbeginsfromJanuary1st.Foodispreparedbeforethefestivalsopeopledon’tneedtocookduringthefestival.OnNewYear'sDay,variousdishescalledOsechiRyori(御节料理)areserved—eachdishisawishfortheNewYear.InmostAsiancountries,theNewYearbeginswiththefirstfullmoonofthefirstChineseLunar(阴历的)month.Eachplacehasitsspecialfoodtowelcomethecomingyear:PeopleinChinapreparetheirfoodaheadoftimetoavoidthepossibilitythatusingaknifeduringNewYear'stimemight"cutluck".Foodswithluckynamesarepopular,suchasfish,whichsoundslike"surplus(剩余)".1.Whatdoyoulearnfromthepassage?A.Peoplehavedifferenttraditionalfoodstocelebratedifferentfestivals.B.NewYearbeginsfromJanuary10thinJapan.C.InFrance,Christmasdessertisacakefilledwithbutter.D.Traditionalfoodsonlyshowanewofgoodluck.2.Whatdidathree-dayfestivalinmid-JanuaryinsouthernpartsofIndia?A.Christmas.B.Pongal.C.NewYear.D.LanternFestival.3.InJapan,peoplealllikeeating_________onNewYear'sDay.A.turkeyB.dessertC.OsechiRyoriD.dumplings4.Theunderlinedword"various"inParagraph4canbestbereplacedby"_________".A.differentB.sameC.expensiveD.few5.Theunderlinedword"possibility"inParagraph5probablymeans"_________"inChinese.A.必须性B.必然性C.可变性D.可能性答案：ABCADBTheSpringFestivaliscelebratednotonlyinChinabutalsoinotherpartsoftheworld.ThetraditionalholidayisthemostimportanttoChinesebothhomeandabroad.UnitedKingdom

CelebrationsforSpringFestivalintheUKstartedin1980,withthefirsteveningpartyheldin2002.EveryNewYear,peoplegettogetherandhavealotofactivities.Theysingsongs,dancetomusic,sharephotoswithfriendsorenjoyfilmsinacinema.UnitedStates

SpringFestivalhasbecomeakeytimeforChineselivingorworkingintheUS.TheyjoininalargeeveningpartytowelcomethetraditionalNewYear.Itisagoodchanceforpeopletobuildacircleoffriendsandfeelthattheyarenotalonebecausetheysharethesamecultureandvalues.Australia

TheChineseNewYearwillbewelcomedwiththreeweeksofcelebratio