外研版英语 语法专题 专题四　第4讲　特殊句式

大一轮复习第4讲特殊句式语法专题专题四内容索引考点精讲一感叹句、祈使句和强调句考点分层演练语法链接写作考点精讲二倒装考点精讲三省略感叹句、祈使句和强调句考点精讲一“Whatabeautifulgarden！①Howbeautifultheflowersare！①”Thekidsshouted.“Canwegointothegarden，MrsGreen？”“Yes.Butdon’tpickorharmtheflowerswhileappreciatingthem②.Itwaswithgreatpatiencethatthegardenergrewthem.③”“Yes，MrsGreen.Let’sexplorethegarden.②”①为感叹句，结构为What(＋a/an)＋adj.＋n.(＋主语＋谓语)或How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语。②为祈使句，结构为Dosth/Don’tdosth，有时后面会跟“and/or＋句子”。③为强调句，结构为Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分。规则感悟1.感叹句(1)what引导的感叹句①What＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！②What＋adj.＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！Lookingatthemplayinginnocentlyinthesunshine，Ican’thelpremarkingwhatincrediblylovelyandcarefreechildrentheyare!看着他们在阳光下天真地玩耍，我忍不住要说他们是多么可爱、多么无忧无虑的一群孩子啊！(2)how引导的感叹句①How＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！②How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！③How＋主语＋谓语！Howprofoundlyinterestingastoryitis,weavingtogetherhistory，philosophy，andhumanemotionintoanunforgettabletapestry.＝Whataprofoundlyinterestingstoryitis,weavingtogetherhistory，philosophy，andhumanemotionintoanunforgettabletapestry.这是一个多么深刻有趣的故事啊，它将历史、哲学与人类情感交织在一起，构成了一幅令人难忘的画卷。2.祈使句祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略)，有时也可用everybody，someone，anybody等不定代词。祈使句的4种形式：①动词原形(＋宾语)＋其他成分；②Be＋表语(＋其他成分)，如Behonest.；③Let’s/Letusdo/notdosth；④祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句(陈述句谓语用一般将来时)。3.强调句型(1)强调句型的基本结构：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，可用who或that，其他情况下一律用that。Itisonlybylisteningtoandunderstandingeachotherthatproblemsbetweenparentsandchildrencanbesettled.只有通过相互倾听和理解，父母和孩子之间的问题才能得到解决。注意：①强调主语时，that/who之后的谓语动词在人称和数上要和被强调的主语保持一致。Itisourteacherwho/thathelpsusmakegreatprogress.是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。②由疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序。Shedoesn’tknowwhoitwasthatsavedherson.她不知道是谁救了她儿子。(2)强调句型的疑问句结构：一般疑问句：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？Wasitintheparkthathemetournewteacher?他是在公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗？Whenwasitthathemadeuphismindtotakethiscourse？他是什么时候决定修这门课的？(3)not...until的强调句型结构：Itis/wasnotuntil...＋that＋其他部分。ItwasnotuntilyesterdaythatIwastoldthathewasillinhospital.直到昨天我才被告知他生病住院了。(4)强调谓语动词Itis/was...who/that...结构不能强调谓语动词。可用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中，do还可以用于祈使句。Shedidtellmeheraddress，butIforgotallaboutit.她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。1.Workhard，_____youwillmakeprogressinEnglish.2.______abeautifulpictureyouareshowingtous!3.Itwasn’tuntil1706_____ThomasTwiningfoundedtheworld’sfirstdryteaandcoffeeshopinLondon.对点练习andWhatthat返回倒装考点精讲二倒装分为部分倒装和全部倒装。部分倒装只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词、情态动词、be动词)置于主语之前，而完全倒装是把谓语全部放在主语之前。1.部分倒装①Seldom

dowepausetoreflectonhowmuchwehavegrownduringourthreeyearsofhighschool.①Notonly

haveweaccumulatedknowledgefromtextbooks，①butwehavealsoforgedprofoundfriendships.⑥Hard-workingaswewere，thereweremomentsofself-doubt.③Onlyafterwefacedsignificantchallengesdid

werealizeourinnerstrength.Whenwelookback，②sofastdoes

timefly

thatitfeelslikeyesterdaywhenwefirstenteredtheschoolgate.④Were

wetolivetheseyearsagain，wewouldundoubtedlycherisheverymomentmoredeeply.Ourteacher’sguidancewasinvaluable，and⑤sowasthemutualsupportamongourclassmates.Thefirsttimewefailedanexam，wewerefrustrated，and⑤sowereourparents.But④had

theynotencouragedus，wemighthavelostheart.Now，aswestandattheendofthischapter，②suchabeautifulpicturedoesthefuturehold

thatweareallfilledwithhope.①Neverwillweforgettheseunforgettableschooldays.①never，seldom，hardly，rarely，little等含有否定意义的副词位于句首时引起部分倒装；notonly...but(also)...，nosooner...than...，hardly...when...等句型中，当notonly，nosooner，hardly等置于句首时，引起部分倒装。注意：notonly置于句首时，所在的分句要部分倒装，but(also)所在的分句不倒装。②so/such...that...结构中的so，such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装，that引导的从句不倒装。③“only＋状语(从句)”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。规则感悟④在含有were/had/should的虚拟条件句中可以省略if，将were/had/should提前，构成部分倒装。⑤表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。⑥在as引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词原形要位于句首，构成倒装结构。2.全部倒装①Onthetopofthemountainstoodourtiredbutjoyfulteam.Wehadsetoutbeforedawn.②Thencamethefirstraysofsunlight，paintingtheskyinbrilliantcolors.③“Whatamagnificentview！”exclaimedoneofmyfriends，breakingthesilence.④Awayflewaflockofbirds，startledbyourarrival.⑤Lyingpeacefullyinthevalleywasasmallvillage.⑤Standingbesidemewasourteacher，whopointedtothehorizon.⑥Suchwasthebeautyofthescenethatnoneofuswantedtoleave.④Here,atthatmoment，existedaprofoundsenseofpeace.①表地点的介词短语位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。②表示时间的副词then，now等位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。③直接引语位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。④表示方位的副词here，there，out，in，up，down，away位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。口诀：方位方向加时间，地点介短直引(提)前。⑤分词/形容词＋地点状语＋be＋主语。⑥such置于句首时用完全倒装。规则感悟1.在as/though引导的部分倒装结构中，如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，则其前不加冠词。Childashewas，hefinishedhistaskwithgreatcourageanddetermination.尽管他只是一个孩子，他还是满怀着决心和勇气完成了任务。2.在全部倒装结构中，主语只能是名词而不能是代词。谓语也只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种形式。Look！Herecomesthebus.看！汽车来了。不能说Look！Herecomesit.要说Look！Hereitcomes.1.Absurd___________itmightsound，everyonepresentwasamusedbyhisadventurestoryinAfrica.2.Notuntilrecently_____(do)theyencouragethedevelopmentoftourist-relatedactivitiesintheruralareas.3.Here_____(be)somesuggestions，whichIhopewillbeofbenefittoyou.4.Onlythen_____(do)herealizethathehadfallenbehind.as/thoughdidaredid返回对点练习省略考点精讲三—Youshouldn’treadbookswhilehavinglunch①.Ifso②，youwillmakethebookyouread③dirty.Wouldyouliketoputyourbookasidenow?—I’dliketo④，butthebookissointerestingthatIcan’ttearmyselfawayfromit.—Doyouwanttohaveastomachache?—No，Ihopenot⑤.Iwillputitawayrightnow.①在while，when，where，asif，if，though，nomatterwhat，until等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而从句主语又与主句主语一致或从句主语是it时，主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。②ifever如果曾发生过的话；ifbusy如果忙的话；ifany如果有的话；ifpossible如果可能的话；ifso如果这样的话；ifnot如果不的话；ifnecessary如果必要的话。③限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，which，whom常可以省略。④在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。⑤英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，so/not多跟在以I’mafraid，Ihope，Ithink，Iguess，Ibelieve等开头的答句中。规则感悟1.在状语从句的省略中，若省略，则主语和be动词一起省略，若保留则一起保留。Youcan’tbecarefulenoughwhile(youare)crossingabusystreet.在横穿繁忙街道的时候，你再怎么小心也不为过。2.在状语从句的省略中，要注意连词之后的非谓语动词与主句主语之间的关系。Thoughlackingmoney，hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtocollege.尽管缺钱，他的父母还是设法让他去上大学。Healwayskeepssilentingroupdiscussions，unlessaskedadirectquestion.在集体讨论中，他总是保持沉默，除非被直接问到。3.动词不定式的省略在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时，往往将不定式符号to省略；在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动词而保留不定式符号to。Thedriverwantedtoparkhiscarneartheroadsidebutwasaskedbythepolicenotto.司机想把车停在路边，但被警察要求不要停。注意：当动词不定式是由be或have构成时，to后必须保留be或have。—Areyoufondofclassicmusic?—No，butIusedtobe.——你喜欢古典音乐吗？——不，但我曾经喜欢。—HaveyoutoldAnnaboutherfailureinthetest?—Yes，butIoughtn’ttohave.——你告诉安她考试不及格的事了吗？——告诉了，但我不应该那样做。1.Wefinishedthetasktwodaysearlierthan_________(expect).2.—DoyouhaveanyideawhatPauldoesallday?—AsIknow，hespendsatleastasmuchtimeplayingashedoes_______(write).3.Weallknowthat，ifnotcarefully______(deal)with，thesituationwillgetworse.4.Hesuddenlyturnedaroundasif________(make)surethatnobodywasfollowinghim.对点练习expectedwritingdealttomake解题策略解题策略1.Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations，threearedeclining，six_____(be)stable，oneisincreasing，andninelackenoughdata.2.Itwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhouse______wesawLilyinthepassengerseat.arethat返回考点分层演练PartFour层级一基础达标练1.ProfessorSalovery，whoinventedthetermEQ，givesthefollowingdescription：Atwork，itisIQ_____getsyoupromoted.2._______(sit)inthefirstrowismyheadteacher，whowilldeliveraspeechonthestage.3.Although________(warn)severaltimes，theboystillwentswimmingintheriver.4.Presentatthepartylastnight______(be)MrGreenandmanyotherguests.thatSittingwarnedwere5.—Whatdidshewanttoknow，Tom?—Shewonderedwhenitwas______wecouldcompletetheexperiment.6.Someofyoumayhavefinishedthetext.__so，youcangoontothenext.thatIf层级二高考真题练1.ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartment______Ifirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.(2017·天津6月)2.______(be)itnotforthesupportoftheteachers，thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.(2017·江苏)3.Butlikesomanyotherthings，itisonlytoomuchstress______doesyouharm.(2016·上海)4.OnlywhenLilywalkedintotheoffice_____(do)sherealizethatshehadleftthecontractathome.(2015·天津)thatWerethatdid5.Intothecompletesilenceofthewaitingclass______(come)theteacher’ssweetvoice，“Goodmorning，children.”(2015·湖北)came层级三语篇提能练DishaFlorenceneverthoughtshewouldbecomeawebnovelwriter.TheladyfromBangladesh，wastryingtofindawaytofreeherselffromtherestrictionsfacedbyawoman,1.____wishshehashadsinceshewas8.Itwasthen2._____sheobservedthatbeingagirlmeantshecouldn’tplayintheparklikeboys，andthatsheneededtolearntodohousework.athatAsshegrewup，sherealizedthat3.________experienceandknowledge，it’simpossibletobefree.Therefore，while4._____________(continue)herstudy，Florenceworkedasavolunteer，goingtoplacesandmeetingpeoplewithorwithoutherparents’5.____________(permit).Herfathertoldher，“Youneedtomakeyourownmoneytodoasyouwish.”Florencefoundthisadvice6._________(logic)，butdidn’tknowwhattodo.At22，shenoticedontheChinesereadingappWebnovelthatthewebsitewashiringauthorswho7.____________(say)tobeabletomakemuchmoney.withoutcontinuingpermissionlogicalweresaidWithoutthinking8.________(far)，Florencestartedwritingandbecameaprofessionalwebnovelist.9._________(inspire)bypopularChinese“CEOnovels”ontheapp，Florencewroteherfirstbook.Thisstoryaboutself-respectandself-love，10._______charactersareChinese，issetinEurope.NowFlorencehasabout164,200readersonWebnovelandisworkingonanothertwobooks.furtherInspiredwhose返回语法链接写作PartFive写作增分亮句1.感叹句典例

(2025·全国二)教授热情地点了点头，说道：“你的名字让人联想到多么美妙的意象啊！”Theprofessornoddedwarmlyandsaid，“Whatabeautifulimageyournameevokes！”运用

(2022·新高考Ⅰ)在英语节目“TalkandTalk”中与你交流对我们来说是多么有意义的经历啊！_______________________________forustocommunicatewithyouintheEnglishprogramme“TalkandTalk”！Whatameaningfulexperienceitis2.祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句典例

(2020·新高考Ⅰ)我正要放弃的时候老师对我喊：“坚持，你会成功的。”Iwasabouttogiveupwhenmyteachershoutedatme，“Keepup，andyouwillmakeit.”运用

(2020·浙江7月)埃莉(Elli)说：“快点，否则熊会追上我们的。”______________________________________________________________“Hurryup，orthebearwillcatchupwithus，”saidElli.3.强调句典例

(2025·全国二)正是在那一刻，我才意识到那深深植根于我血脉中的东西，以及我将其传向世界的责任。ItwasatthatverymomentthatIrealizedwhatwasdeeplyrootedinmybloodandmyresponsibilityfordeliveringitworldwide.运用

(2024·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)就在那个时候，我感到很幸运能遇到像Gunter这样热心的有一颗金子般的心的人。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ItwasatthattimethatIfeltblessedtohavemetsuchawarm-heartedmanlikeGunterwhohadaheartofgold.4.“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首的倒装句典例

(2025·全国二)直到那时，我才下定决心要在今后的交流中积极分享更多文化故事，因为他们的兴趣激发了我更深层次的自我认同。OnlythendidIresolvetoactivelysharemoreculturalstoriesinfutureinteractions，astheirinterestsparkedmydeeperself-acceptance.运用

(2025·上海6月)唯有欣然面对挑战，我们才能真正激发自身最大潜能，进而实现远大抱负。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onlybywillinglyfacingchallengescanwetrulymaximizeourpotentialandrealizeourambition.5.倒装句(so＋adj.＋be＋sb/sth＋that从句)典例

(2022·新高考Ⅰ)大卫如此坚定，他终于到达了终点，所有的学生都为他欢呼。SodeterminedwasDavidthathefinallyreachedthefinishinglineandallthestudentscheeredforhim.运用

(2024·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)我如此惊讶和感动，以至于一句话也说不出来。_______________________________________________________________SosurprisedandmovedwasIthatIcouldn’tsayaword.6.全部倒装典例

(2021·浙江6月)我的爸爸妈妈站在那辆旧卡车旁边，他们看起来既悲伤又焦虑。