主题7　饮食与健康

5/5主题7饮食与健康Ⅰ.阅读理解A（2026·南昌模拟）Forthousandsofyears，peoplehavechangedfoodtopleasetheirsenseoftaste.Morethan3，000yearsagoMesoamericans，livinginwhatisMexicoandCentralAmericatoday，cookedcornkernels（玉米粒）inasolutionofwoodashorlimestone.Theprocessunlockednutrientsandsoftenedthetoughoutershellsofthecorn，makingiteasiertochew.Withtheinventionofcannedgoodsinthe19thcentury，theindustrial-scaletransformationoffoodbecamepossible.AccordingtotheUN，theaveragedailyfoodsupplyavailableforapersonintherichworldincreasedbyover20％between1961and2021，to3，500kilocalories.Inthattime，obesityrateshavemorethantripled；today，nearlyoneinthreepeoplegloballyisobeseoroverweight.Nowworriesaremountingthattheheavyprocessingusedtocookupcheap，tastysnacksmayitselfbeharmful.Aparticulartargetis“ultra-processedfoods”（UPFs），heavilyprocessedfoodslikeice-creamorinstantnoodles.Attheheartofthedebateisaquestion：areUPFsunhealthybecausetheirnutritionalcontentispoor，ordoestheprocessingsomehowposerisksinitself？Attheturnofthe21stcenturysomescientistsnoticedthatpeopleinBrazilwerebuyinglesssugarandoilthaninthepast.Yetratesofobesitywerestillrising.Thisunintentionallyoccurredwiththegrowingpopularityofpackageddessertsandready-mademeals.BynownumerousstudieshaveshownthatpeoplewhoconsumedietshighinUPFstendtohavemorehealthproblems.ButarecentanalysisbySamuelDickenandRachelBatterhamatUniversityCollegeLondonreviewed37studiesandfoundthatevenafteradjustingforfat，sugarandsalt，UPFswerestillstronglylinkedtopoorhealth.Thatsuggeststhereismoretotheirharmthanjustapoornutrientprofile.Wherethoseharmscomefromisstillunclear，however.Withsomanyinfluentialcausesthatcouldalsoexplainpoorhealth—suchasincomeandeducation—observationalstudiesalonecannotofferconclusiveanswers.ArneAstrup，aDanishresearcher，arguesthatevidentlymostofthestudiesthatmakestatisticaladjustmentstotrytoisolate（分离）theeffectsofprocessingare“notgoodenough”.1.WhydidMesoamericansprocesscornkernels？（）A.Toensurebetterconsumption. B.Toenableeasyhandling.C.Todiscovernewsolutions. D.Tofacilitatesafestorage.2.Whatdoesthedatainparagraph2show？（）A.Thehistoryoffoodindustry. B.Thebenefitsofpreservedfood.C.Theresultsoffoodmassproduction. D.Thedevelopmentoffoodprocessing.3.Whatcanbeinferredaboutultra-processedfoods？（）A.Theirpopularityisindecline. B.TheirpresencechangesBrazilians’diet.C.Theirnutrientscanmakeupfortheirrisks. D.Theirprocessingmethodsarouseconcerns.4.WhydoobservationalstudiesfailtodeterminetheeffectsofUPFs？（）A.Manyfactorsaffecttheresults. B.Therelatedstatisticsareinaccurate.C.Thestudieslackenoughevidence. D.Thecausesofharmremainunknown.B（2026·合肥质检）Precisionagricultureisoneofthemostsignificanttrendsinmodernfarming.Oneparticularlypromisingapplicationinvolvestheuseofreal-timeimagingtovisualizehowtinydropsofliquidareformingonplantsurfaces.Unlikeconventionalagriculturewherefarmersoftenrelyongeneralestimatesanduniformapplicationofpesticides（杀虫剂）acrosstheentirefield，thistechnologyhelpsfarmersmaximizeproductivitywhileminimizinginputs.ThisdevelopmentoriginatedfromtheworkofVishnuJayaprakash，whohadsomefamilyexposuretotheprocessofspraying（喷洒）cropsandrecognizedthatthemainchallengeinthatprocessishowtomakewater-basedspraysinteracteffectivelywithsurfacesofplants.Severalfactorsinfluencethisprocess，includingthepressure，flowandnozzle（喷嘴）designoftheapplicationdevice，andthetemperature，sunlightintensity，windandotherconditionsatthetimeofspraying.Toeffectivelyaddressthisissue，Jayaprakashdevelopedatwo-camerasystemthatcanbeconnectedtotypicalsprayingequipmentanduseimagingofthesprayedsolutiononthetargetplantstodeterminenecessaryadjustmentsforthebestdegreeofcoveragewithappropriatelysizedtinydrops.Thesystemcanbeusedtomakeon-the-goadjustmentsinordertogetthespraycoverage“justright”.Thisallowsfarmerstouseonly20％－30％oftheproductperacre（英亩）whilemaintainingkeyfunctionslikepestcontrol，fertilization，andgrowthregulation.Theadvancementinprecisionagricultureishelpingfarmersreducecostswhilemaintainingcropprotection.SusanScheufele，anextensionresearcherattheUniversityofMassachusetts，hasconductedfieldtrialswiththistechnologyonvegetablecrops.Intrialsforcottonleafremoval，ithasshownpositiveresultsevenwhenusedat50％oftheminimumrecommendedapplicationrateontheproductlabel.Theprimarybenefitofprecisionagriculturemethodsliesbeyondcostsavings.Despitethefactthatthistechnologystillhasalongwaytogo，itsadoptionensuresthatchemicalremainsincropsarewellbelowharmfullevels，safeguardingecosystemsandfoodsafety.5.Whatcanbelearnedaboutprecisionagricultureinparagraph1？（）A.Itvisualizesplantsmoreclearly. B.Itusespesticidesmoreaccurately.C.Itcontinuouslymonitorsplantgrowth. D.Itestimatestheneedoftheentirefield.6.HowdoesJayaprakash’stwo-camerasystemwork？（）A.Byguidingsprayingequipmenttotargetplantsurfaces. B.Bycalculatingthepreciseamountofpesticiderequired.C.Bymakingreal-timeadjustmentstoenhancespraycoverage. D.Byusingimagingtocloselymonitorplantgrowthandhealth.7.WhydoestheauthormentionSusanScheufele’sfieldtrials？（）A.Toanalyzetheresponsesofdifferentcrops. B.Tocomparetheapplicationratesacrosscrops.C.Toillustratetheeffectivenessofthetechnology. D.Tohighlightthelimitationsoftraditionalfarming.8.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardprecisionagriculture？（）A.Intolerant. B.Doubtful.C.Unclear. D.Approving.C（2026·陕西适应性检测）Artificialfooddyeisanadditivecolorusedinaproduct.“Thedyeisartificialifitoriginatesfromanonfoodsource，”explainsJamieAlan，PhD，anassociateprofessorofpharmacologyandtoxicologyatMichiganStateUniversity.“Forexample，reddyeNo.40ismadefrompetroleumproducts.”“Bycomparison，naturalfooddyesarethosethatareextractedfromplantsoranimaltissues，”saysFranciscoDiez-Gonzalez，PhD，professoranddirectoroftheCenterforFoodSafetyattheUniversityofGeorgia.Agrowingbodyofresearchhaslinkedartificialfooddyes，especiallyRedNo.40，tomanyhealthissues.“Thereisdatainanimalsthatsomeofthesedyesmaycausecancer，”Alansays.“Whilethereiscertainlythepotentialtocausecancer，therehaven’tbeenanyhumanstudieswithdefinitivedatatosupportthis.”Butstudiesonhumansdoshowthatsomedyescanincreasecertainbehaviors—especiallyinkids—likehyperactivity.“Somechildrenaremoresensitivethanotherchildren，andsometimesevenasmalldosecancausetheseeffects，”Alansays.A2021reportanalyzeddatafromstudiesonbothanimalsandhumanswhowereexposedtofooddyes.Thereportincluded“challengestudies”，forwhichchildrenweregivendyesandobservedtoseehowtheyreactedafterward.In16ofthe25studiesofthereport，therewasalinkbetweenchildrentakingthedyesandhavinghyperactivityandotherneurobehavioral（神经行为的）problemsafterward.A2022mousestudyfoundthatRedNo.40andRedNo.17couldcauseinflammatoryboweldiseases，whilea2023studyonmicelinkedRedNo.40toDNAdamageandcolonicinflammation.Somepeoplemayalsoexperience“allergy-like（像过敏一样）signs”fromhavingthesedyes，Diez-Gonzalezsays.ButDiez-Gonzaleznotesthatit’simportantforpeopletobeawarethatmoreresearchisneeded.“Thecancerconcernsmostlyoriginatefromanimalstudiesthatoftenuseverylargeexperimentaldoses，”hesays.“Forseveralofthosedyes，theevidenceofaharmfuleffecthasnotbeenconclusive.”9.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirstthreeparagraphs？（）A.Someartificialfooddyescausecancerinhumans. B.Dyesfromplantsandanimalsaremorepopular.C.Artificialfooddyescanbeobtainedmoreeasily.D.PossiblyRedNo.40canresultinhealthproblems.10.Whyis“challenge”usedinparagraph3？（）A.Scientistscouldn’tfindenoughevidence.B.Carryingoutexperimentstooktoomuchtimeandmoney.C.Experimentsonhumansweremorecomplexthanonanimals. D.Scientistswerenotwillingtodosuchexperimentsonchildren.11.WhatdoDiez-Gonzalez’swordsinthelastparagraphsuggest？（）A.Miceareallergictoartificialfooddyes.B.Studiesaboutartificialfooddyesonhumansarenotadequate.C.Redartificialfooddyesarethekeyfactorleadingtomousecancer. D.Onlybybeingtakeninlargedosescanartificialfooddyesdoharmtohumans.12.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout？（）A.Variousopinionsaboutartificialfooddyes.B.Experimentsonmiceaboutartificialfooddyes.C.Theresearchaboutthesafetyofartificialfooddyes. D.TheconnectionbetweencancerandRedNo.40.Ⅱ.阅读七选五（2026·武汉调研）I’vealwaysdislikedgettingupinwinter.Asachild，Iwoulddragmyselfoutofbed，myeyeshalf-closed，andwatchmyschooluniformwarmingontheradiator.13.It’stoodark，andIamalwayshalf-asleep.14.Mostofthemarefun，butfewreallychangemylifeinthelongrun.Sunrisealarmclocks，however，aredifferent.They’vebecomeafundamentalpartofmymorningroutine.Mytoppicks，theLumieBodyclockSpark100andPhilipsSmartSleep，havegreatlybenefitedme.I’mwakingupeverydayfeelingmoreenergeticandmentallysharper.Essentially，sunrisealarmclocksareacombinationofthealarmclockandthelighttreatmentdevicethatshineswithincreasingbrightnessasyourwake-uptimeapproaches.Thelightinteractswithournatural