2025-2026年四川省部编版高中英语必修一第一章基础语法同步练习题

2025-2026年四川省部编版高中英语必修一第一章基础语法同步练习题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Inthesentence"ThestudentsarereadingEnglishbooksinthelibrary,"whichofthefollowingphrasesfunctionsasthemainsubject?A.ThestudentsB.arereadingC.EnglishbooksD.inthelibrary解析：本题考查主语识别。正确答案为A，因为"Thestudents"是执行"reading"动作的主语，其余选项分别为谓语部分、宾语、状语。B为谓语动词形式，C为宾语，D为地点状语。干扰项B通过动词形式迷惑，但主语应为执行动作的名词性成分。2.Whatisthecorrectformoftheverb"togo"inthepresentperfecttense?A.goB.wentC.goneD.hasgone解析：正确答案为D。现完成时由"have/has+过去分词"构成，"hasgone"表示动作完成且可能继续。A为原形，B为一般过去时，C为过去分词，需与助动词搭配。干扰项B通过时态混淆迷惑，但"went"为一般过去时。3.Inthesentence"IfIhadstudiedharder,Iwouldhavepassedtheexam,"whatmoodisused?A.IndicativemoodB.ImperativemoodC.SubjunctivemoodD.Interrogativemood解析：正确答案为C。虚拟语气中，与现在事实相反的假设句主句用"would/should/could/might+动词原形"，从句用"had+动词过去分词"。干扰项A为陈述语气，B为祈使语气，D为疑问语气。4.Whichofthefollowingsentencescontainsapassivevoiceconstruction?A.Theteacherexplainedthegrammarrule.B.Thegrammarrulewasexplainedbytheteacher.C.Theywillfinishtheprojecttomorrow.D.Sheisreadingabook.解析：正确答案为B。被动语态结构为"be+过去分词"，B选项符合该结构。A为主动语态，C为一般将来时主动语态，D为现在进行时主动语态。干扰项A通过主动语态常见性迷惑。5.Whatisthecorrectformoftheadjective"happy"tomodify"child"?A.happinessB.happilyC.happierD.happy解析：正确答案为D。形容词修饰名词时需保持原形，"child"为单数可数名词，需用形容词"happy"的原形。干扰项A为名词，B为副词，C为比较级。6.Inthesentence"Shecanspeakthreelanguages,"whatisthefunctionof"three"?A.AdverbB.PrepositionC.AdjectiveD.Conjunction解析：正确答案为C。"three"修饰名词"languages"，表示数量，为限定性形容词。干扰项A修饰动词或形容词，B表示位置关系，D连接句子。7.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectuseofthepresentcontinuoustense?A.Hehasfinishedhishomework.B.Theyareplayingfootballnow.C.Shewenttothestoreyesterday.D.Theywillarrivesoon.解析：正确答案为B。现在进行时表示正在发生的动作，B选项符合该用法。A为现在完成时，C为一般过去时，D为一般将来时。干扰项A通过完成时常见性迷惑。8.Whatisthecorrectwaytoformthepluralof"child"?A.childsB.childesC.childrenD.child解析：正确答案为C。不规则名词"child"的复数为"children"。干扰项A、B为错误拼写，D为单数形式。9.Inthesentence"Thedogbarksloudly,"whatisthefunctionof"loudly"?A.SubjectB.ObjectC.AdverbD.Preposition解析：正确答案为C。"loudly"修饰动词"barks"，表示程度，为副词。干扰项A为主语，B为宾语，D为介词。10.Whichofthefollowingsentencescontainsarelativeclause?A.Thebookisonthetable.B.Ilikethebookthatyougaveme.C.Sheisastudent.D.Theyarehere.解析：正确答案为B。"thatyougaveme"为限定性定语从句，修饰"thebook"。干扰项A、C、D为简单句，无从句结构。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thecompany______(notemploy)anynewstaffuntilthemeeting______(end).参考答案：doesnotemploy;ends解析：第一空需用一般现在时否定形式，主语"company"为单数；第二空需用一般将来时，"meeting"为单数可数名词，动词需加-s。2.Ifit______(rain)tomorrow,we______(go)tothepicnic.参考答案：rains;willgo解析：条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时。3.Sheisthe______(busy)studentinherclass.参考答案：busiest解析：最高级前需加定冠词"the"，形容词"busy"需用最高级形式。4.Theteacherasked,"______(you/study)lastnight?"参考答案：Didyoustudy解析：直接引语改为间接引语时，一般现在时不变，一般过去时改为过去式，疑问词提前。5.Mybrother______(live)inLondonsince2015.参考答案：haslived解析：现在完成时表示动作从过去持续到现在，需用"have/has+过去分词"。6.Thebook______(write)byafamousauthorlastyear.参考答案：waswritten解析：被动语态结构为"be+过去分词"，"book"为单数可数名词。7.Thisisthe______(interest)thingIhaveeverseen.参考答案：mostinteresting解析：最高级前需加"the"，形容词"interesting"需用最高级形式。8.IfI______(have)moretime,I______(learn)French.参考答案：had;wouldlearn解析：虚拟语气中，与现在事实相反的假设句主句用"would/should/could/might+动词原形"。9.Theman______(whom)youspoketoismyfather.参考答案：whom解析：关系代词"whom"在从句中作宾语，先行词"man"为第三人称单数。10.Sheis______(careful)thanhersister.参考答案：morecareful解析：比较级前需加"than"，形容词"careful"需用比较级形式。三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thesentence"Thedogisbarking"isinthepresentcontinuoustense.(×)解析：该句为一般现在时，表示狗经常性或习惯性的动作，而非正在发生的动作。2."Ihaveeaten"and"Iate"bothexpresscompletedactions.(√)解析：前者为现在完成时，后者为一般过去时，均表示动作完成，但前者与现在有关联。3.Theword"very"isanadverbofdegree.(√)解析："very"表示程度，修饰形容词或副词，如"veryhappy"。4."Ifitrains,Iwillgo"isacomplexsentence.(√)解析：由一个主句和一个从句构成，从句表示条件。5.Thepluralof"child"is"childs."(×)解析：不规则名词"child"的复数为"children"，需加"en"。6."ThebookthatIboughtisinteresting"containsarelativeclause.(√)解析："thatIbought"为限定性定语从句，修饰"thebook"。7.Thesentence"Sheistootiredtowalk"isinthepassivevoice.(×)解析：该句为主动语态，"tootired"表示主语"she"的状态。8."Themanwholivesnextdoorismyteacher"isasimplesentence.(×)解析：由主句和定语从句构成，为复合句。9.Thepastparticipleof"toread"is"read."(×)解析："read"为过去式，过去分词为"read"（与过去式相同）。10."Thestudentsarestudying"and"Thestudentsstudy"havethesamemeaning.(×)解析：前者为现在进行时，表示正在发生的动作；后者为一般现在时，表示习惯性动作。四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"can"and"may"inEnglish.参考答案："Can"isusedforabilityorrequests,e.g.,"Icanswim.""May"isusedforpermissionorpossibility,e.g.,"MayIgo?"Theformerismoreformalthanthelatter.解析：需分别说明两词的用法和语义差异，并举例说明。2.Howdoyouformthepresentperfecttense?参考答案：Presentperfecttenseisformedwith"have/has+pastparticiple,"e.g.,"Shehaseaten."Itisusedtodescribeactionscompletedinthepastwithrelevancetothepresent.解析：需说明构成形式和用法场景。3.Whatisarelativeclause?Giveanexample.参考答案：Arelativeclauseisadependentclausethatmodifiesanoun,e.g.,"Thebookthatyougavemeisinteresting."Here,"thatyougaveme"modifies"thebook."解析：需定义并举例说明。4.Howdoyouformthepluralofirregularnouns?参考答案：Irregularnounshaveirregularplurals,e.g.,"child"→"children,""man"→"men."Somenounschangespelling,whileothersadd"-es."解析：需说明不规则名词的复数形式。5.Whatisthedifferencebetweenactiveandpassivevoice?参考答案：Activevoiceis"subject+verb+object,"e.g.,"Hewritesaletter."Passivevoiceis"object+be+pastparticiple,"e.g.,"Aletteriswrittenbyhim."解析：需分别说明两种语态的结构和用法。6.Howdoyouusethesubjunctivemoodinhypotheticalsentences?参考答案：Inhypotheticalsentences,thesubjunctivemooduses"were"forallsubjects,e.g.,"IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccept."解析：需说明虚拟语气中的主句结构。7.Whatisthefunctionofanadverb?参考答案：Anadverbmodifiesverbs,adjectives,orotheradverbs,e.g.,"Shesingsbeautifully."Here,"beautifully"modifies"sings."解析：需说明副词的功能和位置。8.HowdoyouformaquestioninEnglish?参考答案：QuestionsinEnglishusuallyinvertthesubjectandverb,e.g.,"Doyoulikecoffee?"orusequestionwords,e.g.,"Whereistheschool?"解析：需说明疑问句的构成方式。五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Rewritethesentence"Theteachergavethestudentsabook"inthepassivevoice.参考答案：Abookwasgiventothestudentsbytheteacher.解析：需将主动语态改为被动语态，调整主语和宾语位置。2.Changethesentence"Hewillfinishtheworktomorrow"tothepresentperfecttense.参考答案：Hewillhavefinishedtheworkbynow.解析：需将一般将来时改为现在完成时，并调整时间状语。3.Combinethefollowingsentencesintooneusingarelativeclause:-Thegirlismysister.-Sheiswearingabluedress.参考答案：Thegirlwhoiswearingabluedressismysister.解析：需将两个简单句合并为一个定语从句。4.Transformthesentence"Ifitrains,wewillcancelthepicnic"intothepasttense.参考答案：Ifitrained,wewouldhavecanceledthepicnic.解析：需将虚拟语气改为过去时态。5.Writeasentenceusingthepresentcontinuoustensetodescribeanactionhappeningnow.参考答案：Thesunisshiningbrightly.解析：需用现在进行时描述正在发生的动作。6.Changethesentence"Thestudentsstudyhard"tothepassivevoice.参考答案：Hardisstudiedbythestudents.解析：需将主动语态改为被动语态，但该句被动语态不自然，需调整主语。7.Writeasentenceusingthesubjunctivemoodtoexpressawish.参考答案：IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyfreely.解析：需用虚拟语气表达愿望。8.Combinethefollowingsentencesusingaconjunction:-Sheistired.-Shewantstogohome.参考答案：Sheistired,soshewantstogohome.解析：需用连词连接两个简单句。【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.A2.D3.C4.B5.D6.C7.B8.C9.C10.B二、填空题1.doesnotemploy;ends2.rains;willgo3.busiest4.Didyoustudy5.haslived6.waswritten7.mostinteresting8.had;wouldlearn9.whom10.morecareful三、判断题1.×2.√3.√4.√5.×6.√7.×8.×9.×10.×四、简答题1."Can"expressesabilityorrequests,e.g.,"Icanswim.""May"expressespermissionorpossibility,e.g.,"MayIgo?""Can"ismoreinformalthan"may."2.Presentperfecttenseisformedwith"have/has+pastparticiple,"e.g.,"Shehaseaten."Itisusedtodescribeactionscompletedinthepastwithrelevancetothepresent.3.Arelativeclauseisadependentclausethatmodifiesanoun,e.g.,"Thebookthatyougavemeisinteresting."Here,"thatyougaveme"modifies"thebook."4.Irregularnounshaveirregularplurals,e.g.,"child