山东滨州市2025-2026学年高二年级下册期末英语试题（含答案）

山东滨州市2025-2026学年高二下学期期末英语试题

一、阅读理解

A

YOURSCENICJOURNEY

Blendingvisitstoremoteislandswithsceniccniising,theScenicIslesofScotlandsailingoffers

anescape(othewilder,moredramaticcornersoftheUK.You'llbewiihineasyreachof

spectacularlyremotescenery.

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SCENICISLESOFSCOTLAND

8NIGHTSONBOARD

BOREALISDEPARTING

19thJULY2026

•No-flyadults-onlycruisingonboardBorealis

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1.Whichofthefollowingisthedepartureport?

A.Lerwick.B.LochHourn.C.LiverpoolD.Dutchman'sCap.

2.Whencanpassengersgettheirpaymentback?

A.Beforepayingthecruisefare.

B.Afterreachingthefinaldestinationport.

C.Overthreedaysaftergettingontheship.

D.Withintwodaysafterboardingthecruise.

3.What'sthepurposeofthepassage?

A.TodescribethehistoryofScottishislands.

B.TocomparedifferentcruiselinesintheUK.

C.ToadvertiseasceniccrjisearoundScotland.

D.ToexplainhowtobookacruisearoundEngland.

B

WhenIwasalittlegirl,Ineverwonanyawardsatschool—notasingleone.Iattendedan

academicallycunipclilivcscliuolwhereiiilclligcnucwashighlyvalued.WhileIwasnulabad

student,1wasneverconsideredoutstandingenoughtoreceiveanyrecognition.Thosewerethe

daysbeforeitbecamefashionabletopraisechildrenforeverylittleeffort.

Atthattime,inyparentsoftenreceivedfeedbackfromteachersthatIwasnotlivinguptomyfull

potential.Suchconstantcriticismchippedawayatmyself-esteemanddeeplyhurtmyconfidence,

butitdidnotbreakme.Instead,itignitedastrongdesiretoproveeveryonewrong,afireof

determinationthatwoulddnvemetbryearstocome.

Duringmycollegeyears,Idevelopedadeepinterestinpsychologyandeducationaltheories.I

wantedtounderstandhowtosupportandencouragechildreninawaythatIhadneverfelt

supportedmyself.Later,1decidedtopursueadoctorateinpsychology,agoalthatthedirectorof

studiesatmycollegewouldhaveneverpredicted.Ifailedtogetintomydesiredgraduateprogram

notonce,buttwice,anditwasnotuntilmythirdattemptthar1succeeded.Haditnotbeenformy

previousfrustratingexperiences,Iwouldneverhavehadthewillpowertokeeptryinguntilthe

finalsuccess.

Today,itiscommonforparentsandteacherstoshelterchildrenfromcriticismandfailure,always

tellingthemtheyaredoingagoodjobtoprotecttheirconfidence.ButasIlearnedfrommyown

experience,motivationanddrivedonotcomefromalifeofconstantpraiseandeasysuccess.

Expertsarguethatproperfrastrationandoccasionalfailurearcnecessaryfbrgrowth;some

frustrationcanleadtoafeelingofwantingtodobetternexttimeandgeneratethenon-dcstructivc

aggressionthatpushesustotryharderanddobetter.

4.Whatwastheauthor'schildhoodeducationlike?

A.Inspiring.B.Caring.C.Demanding.D.Dominating.

5.Whatwastheauthor'sresponsetoherteachers'feedback?

A.Shebrokedownandquit.

B.Shegotannoyedbutforgave.

C.Sheshruggeditoffandforgot.

D.Shegothurtbutstillsurvived.

6.Whyistheauthor'sdoctoraljourneymentioned?

A.Tocriticizethepreviouseducationalpattern.

B.Tomotivateotherstobeaspersistentasshe.

C.Tudciiioiislralcihcpowerofchasingdreams.

D.Toimplythevalueofexperiencingfrustration.

7.Whatmessagedoesthetextconvey?

A.Well-timedpraiseliftsthespirits.

B.Amanwithoutconfidencecan'tstand.

C.Asmoothseanevermakesaskilledsailor.

D.Doubtkillsmoredreamsthanfailuredoes.

c

DuringWorldWarII,peopleonsomePacificislandssawAl'iedairplaneslandcarryingfoodand

toolscalled“cargo”.Afterthewarendedandtheplanesstoppedcoming,someislanderscreated

practicestotrytobringthemback.Theybuiltfakerunwaysoutofdirt,madewoodencontrol

towers,andworecoconutheadphones,copyingwhatsoldiersdid.Theybelievedthatifthey

copiedtheseactions,thecargoplaneswouldreturn.Buttheplanesnevercame.In1974,physicist

RichardFeynmanusedthisstorytodescribeaprobleminscience,callingit“cargocultscience”.

AccordingtoFeynman,cargocultsciencereferstopracticesthatfollowalltheoutward

appearancesandrigoroustermsofscientificinvestigation—suchasusingprecisestatistics,

writingformattedpapers,andconductingexperiments—burlacktheessentialcoreofscientific

integrity.Thismissingcoreisaspecifictypeofabsolutehonesty:awillingnesstoactivelyprove

oneselfwrong,publishfailedresults,andexposeeverypotentialflawinone'sowntheory.

Withoutthisdeepintellectualhonesty,allthecomplextechnicalmachineryofresearchisjusta

meaninglessperformance,unabletoproducetruediscovery.

Today,educationexpertssaymanystudentsshowasimilarpattern,called“cargocultleaming^^.

Studentsmayspendlonghourshighlightingbooks,workinginstylishcoffeeshops,andusing

appstotrackstudytime.Theycopythevisiblehabitsofgoodstudents,creatingthefeelingofhard

work.Butthesesurfaceactionsoftenhideweakrealthinking.Simplymakingneatnotesordoing

manypracticeproblemswithoutdeepthinkingorlearningfrommistakesleadstolittleprogress.

Theyoftenfeelproductive,butthelearningisshallowandquicklyforgottenovertime.

Themainlessonisthatsuccessdoesnotcomefromcopyingtheoutsidefbnnsofwork.True

learningneedsrealunderstanding,whichincludesfacingconfusion,questioningideas,and

seekingclearunderstandinginsteadofonlyappearance.Rea：growthrequiresembracing

difficulty,learningfiomerrors,andIbuusingonuiidcrslandingralhcithanpcifbrniaiiucor

appearanceitselffully.

8.WhydidtheislandersimitatewhatAlliedsoldiershaddone?

A.Theyattemptedtoattractmoretourists.

B.Theywantedtoresolveascientificproblem.

C.TheytriedtodriveawayforeignAlliedsoldiers.

D.1heyexpectedcargoplanestoreturnwithsupplies.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“rigorous”inparagraph2mean?

A.Strict.B.Casual.C.SimpleD.Flexible

10.Whichofthefollowingshows"cargocultleaming,,?

A.Digestingknowledgeafterpractice

B.Spendingmuchtimeonfancynotes.

C.Thinkingdeeplywhiledoingexercises.

D.Learninglessonsfrompreviousmistakes.

11.Whatmightbethebesttitleofthetext?

A.GrowthandTrueLearning

B.CargoCultScienceandFakeEffort

C.TheGreatPhysicistFeynman'sTheory

D.TheFollow-upEffectofWorldWarII

D

Humans'ongoingexpansionintonaturalenvironmentsmightbetriggeringtheevolutionofanew

householdpet,onethat'sincreasinglycomfortableintheurbanspaceswecreate.Researchers

fromtheUniversityofArkansasatLittleRock(UALR)noticedanatomical(解剖学的)changesin

racoonsandwonderedwhethertheselittletrashpandasarcactuallyundergoingadomestication

processsimplybyspendingsomuchtimearoundus.

Theresearchshowedacleardifferencebetweenracoonsavoidinghumanenvironmentsandthose

thrivinginurbanareas.Likedogs,urbanracoonsdisplayedshortersnouts,likelybecausetamer

individualsarebettertoleratedbyhumansandmoresuccessfulincities.Whatdrawsthemcloser

toourhabitatsinthefirstplace,however,isourabundantandeasilyaccessiblegarbage.

Theresearchteamnotesintheirstudythatmanypeoplethinkofdomesticationasapurelyhuman-

driven,“uiinalural“process.Butaiiimaiscanalsoadapttohunianciiviruiiincnlson(heirownby

seekingabundantresourcesandsafetyfrompredators.Overtime,theseconditionscanleadto

featuresassociatedwithdomesticationevenwithoutdirecthumaninvolvement.

Tothriveinthisnewenvironment,animalsbenefitfromadaptingtoharmonizewithhumans,

appearingtamerandlessfearful.Theresearchersarguethattheseearlystagesofdomesticationare

drivenentirelybynaturalselection.TheirobservationsalignwiththeNeuralCrestDomestication

Syndrome(NCDS)hypothesis,whichsuggeststhatanimalsundergoingdomesticationshow

similaranatomicalchangesthatbeginearlyinembryonic(胚胎)development.Theseshiftsoften

appearassmallerskulls,floppyears,pigmentationchanges,andcurlytails.

What'smore,theirstudywillberepeatedwithotherurbanirammals,suchasamiadillosand

opossums,totestwhethersimilardomesticationpatternsappearacrossspecies.Still,theirfindings

onracoonshighlighthowhumans'presencealonecanactasadriverofevolution,andwho

knows,mayeventuallybringusabrand-newpet.RaffaelaLesch,assistantprofessorofbiologyat

theUALRsaid,4ilwouldbefittingandfunnyifournextdomesticspecieswereracoons.Ifeel

likeitwouldbefunnyifwecalledthedomesticversionoftheraccoonthetrashpanda.”

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"trashpandas”referto?

A.Ruraldogs.B.Urbanracoons.

C.Householdpets.D.DomesticPandas.

13.Whatmainlyattractsracoonstohumanhomes?

A.Plentyofeasy-to-getgarbage.

B.Protectionfromwildpredators.

C.Safesheltersprovidedbypeople.

D.Friendlytreatmentfromhumans.

14.Whatpushestheearlyperiodofdomesticationaccordingtoresearchers?

A.Climatechanges.

B.Naturalselection.

C.Humantrainingprogrammes.

D.Embryomedicaltreatment.

15.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Racoonsarelikelytobekeptaspetsinthefuture.

B.Sciunlislshavedomcslicalcdwildracoonssuccessfully.

C.Mammals'domesticationpatternsarcexactlythesame.

D.Opossumsandarmadillosshowobviousdomesticationchanges.

七选五

Chatbotspoweredbyartificialintelligence(AI)largelanguagemodels(LLMs)arebecoming

morehuman-likebydesign.DoLLMshavepersonality?16"Vastquantitiesofhuman­

generatedtrainingdataenableLLMstomimichumancharacteristicsmtheiroutputsandexhibita

formofsynthetic(合成的)personality,MsaidtheauthorsofanewstudyinNatureMachine

Intelligence.

Themorepersonableachatbotis,themorepotentialforconnectionsandinfluenceonhumans.

Theupsideisthattheuserexperiencemaybemoreengaging.Thedownsideisthatthe

persuasivenessmaynotnecessarilybeapositiveinfluence.17

“AsLLMsincreasinglypowerconversationalagentsusedbythegeneralpublicworldwide,the

syntheticpersonalitytraitsinsertedinthesemodelsbytrainingonlargequantitiesofhumandata

arebecomingincreasinglyimportanttoevaluate,theauthorswrote.18Accordingloa

2025YouGovSurveyof1,132Americansaged18andolder.56%ofAmericanadultsusedAl

tools,higherthanthatinpreviousyears.19Accordingtothe2025PewResearchCenter

Surveyof1,458Americanteens,68%betweentheagesof15-17yearsoldand57%of13-to14-

ycar-oldteensreportedusingAIchatbots,andthrcc-in-tcnteensinteractwithAIchatbotsdaily.

ThemostusedchatbotamongteensisChatGPT(59%),followedbyGemini(23%),MetaAI

(20%),Copilot(14%),CharacterAI(9%),andClaude(3%).

“Sofar,validatedpsychometricmethodsforhumanpersonalitymeasurementhavenotbeen

appliedtoLLMsend-to-end.20However,scientiststillneedtoformallycheckwhether

theresultsarcactuallyreliableandmcaningfiilwhenusedonLLMs."theresearcherswrote.

A.Yetthisquestiondividesscientists.

B.Theanswerliesintheirhumantrainingdata.

C.ThisgrowingimportanceisseeninrisingAIusage.

D.Inshort,LLMs'personalityisadouble-edgedsword.

E.TheyouthsuseAIchatbotswidely,withclearpreferences.

F.Actually,paststudieshavetriedmeasuringpersonalityir.LLMs.

G.ResearchershaveconcludedthatihcscniclhudsarcunsuilablclorLLMs.

二、完形填空

Mr.Hendersonwaswidelyregardedasthemostbad-temperedmanonWillowStreet.Helivedin

ahousewithahighwoodenfenceandalawnso21mowed(修剪)thatitlookedlikea

greencarpet.He22aten-year-oldboynamedSamfrequentlypeeringthroughthegaps

inhisfence.Theboywasclearly23byMr.Henderson'sprize-winningroses.

“Movealong,kid!1'hisisn'tapark!”Mr.Henderson24oneafternoon.ButSamdidn't

25—.Instead,hepointedtoaparticularlyvibrantredroseandaskedsoftly,44Howdoyou

makethemgrowsostraight?”Caughtoffguardbytheboy'sgenuine26____,theoldman

foundhimselfexplainingthsimportanceofpruning（剪枝）andsoilquality.Whatbeganasafew

grumbledwordsthroughafenceevolvedintoadailyafternoon27.Mr.Henderson

begantolookforwardtoSam'squestions,andSambegantolookforwardtotheoldman'sstories.

The28wentfarbeyondtheflowerbeds.Mr.Hendersonbegantosmileat29,

andSamstartedspendinglesslimeonhistabletandmorelimewithhishandsinthedirt.

Together,theydecidedtotackleanearby30lot（小块土地）thathadbeenalocal

eyesorefbryears.They31thetrashandplantedamixtureofsunflowers,tomatoes,and

marigolds.Eventually,thelothadbecomeavibrantcommunity32.

Neighborswhohadpreviously33Mr.Henderson'shousenowstoppedbytooffer

34orhelpwiththeweeding.The"bad-temperedman“wasnowtheheartofthestreet.

He35thatwhilehehadtaughtSamhowtogrowroses,Samhadtaughthimhowtolive

again.

21.A.randomlyB.regularlyC.perfectlyD.automatically

22.A.anticipatedB.heardC.preventedD.noticed

23.A.confiiscdB.astonishedC.touchedD.fascinated

24.A.whisperedB.sighedC.barkedD.commented

25.A.turnaroundB.runawayC.giveinD.checkout

26.A.curiosityB.thoughtC.passionD.response

27.A.debateB.workoutC.routineD.discussion

28.A.procedureB.transfbnnationC.progressD.guidance

29.A.neighborsB.friendsC.strangersD.passers-by

30.A.nakedB.abandonedC.piuduulivcD.nual

31.A.stackedB.threwC.clearedD.recycled

32.A.gardenB.fieldC.playgroundD.backyard

33.A.avoidedB.ignoredC.supportedD.investigated

34.A.booksB.seedsC.moneyD.food

35.A.wonderedB.doub:edC.ensuredD.realized

二、语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

FromFebruary21stto25th.theNationalExcellentFolkArtProgramExhibitionof2024Iluji

Shuhui,organizedbytheChineseQuyiArtistsAssociation,ShandongProvincialFederationof

LiteraryandArtCircles,andotherunits,36(hold)inHuiminCounty,Shandong

Province,knownasthe“hometownofChineseQuyi”.Itpresentedtheaudience37a

wonderfulculturalfeast.

It'sreportedthat16excellentprogramswereselectedfromnearly200programs38

(submit)by20provincesandautonomousregionsacrossthecountryfbrthisexhibition.This

meanstheselectionprocesswas39(competitive)thanmanyothersimilarcultural

events.

Duringtheevent,over400folkartistsfrom20-oddprovincesandcitiesthroughoutthecountry

performedonstageandshowcasedtheirtalents.Theaudiencewastreatedtoa40

(diverse)oflocalartperformances,includingShandongClapperBallad,YanchengFlowerDrum,

etc.Theseperformancesfeaturesinging,dancing,andinstrumentalmusic,41(provide)

theaudiencewitharichoperabanquetthatmeetstheirdesire42(experience)traditional

Chineseopera.

TheHujiShuhuioriginatedintheSongandYuandynasties,43continuedtothrive

duringtheMingandQingdynasties.Ithasbeenpasseddowntothepresentday,with44

historyofover800years.Everyyearonthe45(twelve)dayofthefirstlunarmonth,it

holdsagatheringinHujiTewn,whichisknownasa“livingfbssil“inChina,sQuyiCircles.

四、书信写作

46.暑假将至，学校鼓励学生平衡学习与课余生活，积极参与健身、旅游、志愿服务笔实

践活动，请你结合自身安排，写一份暑假计划，投稿至校英文报。

注意：

(1)写作词数应为80个左右：

(2)请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

MyPlanfbrSummerHoliday

五、读后续写

47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

TheeveningbreezecarriedtheappetizingsmellofgrilledmeatasDavidandhisclassmates

crowdedaroundastreetstand.Laughterandchatterfilledtheair.Davidwassodelighted,

enjoyingboththedeliciousfoodandthecompanyofhisclosestfriends.

Suddenly,afemalecleanersteppedtowardthestand,herfacelinedwithexhaustion.Afterplacing

anorder,shewasscanningtbraseatwhenshenoticedDavid'sgroup.Almostinstantly,her

expressionchanged.Insteadoftakingascat,shewhisperedtothestandowner,'THtakeitaway,

please?*

Thestandowner,akind-facedman,pointedtoanemptytable“Please,sitdownandeathere.

You'veworkedhardallday.Takearest.”

Butthewomanshookherheadfinnly,hereyesavoidinghisgaze"No,no.Justpackitfbrme.Tm

inahurry.

“Comeon,”theownerinsistedwarmly.uStayandenjoyyourmeal."Davidoverheardthe

conversationandturnedhishead,onlytofindthatthecleanerwasjusthismother.Hisheart

leaped,andwithoutthinking,hejumpedupfromhisscatandcalledout,"Mom!It'syou!”

Hismotherfroze.Herfaceturnedpale,thenred.ShelookedatDavid,andhiswell-dressed

classmates,whowerenowstaringatherwithcuriosity.Panictookholdofher.Shequicklylooked

away,pretendingnottoknowhim.Shegrabbedthetakeoutbagfromtheownerandmuttered,

“Sorry,