山东日照市2026-2027学年高三上学期开学考英语试题（含答案无听力音频及听力原文）

2024级高三上学期开学考试英语2026.09试卷类型：A本试卷共四部分，共12页。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。1.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Havearest.B.Drinkmorewater.C.Takesomepills.2.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Havingadebate.B.Preparingapresentation.C.Drawingahistoricalfigure.3.Whyarethespeakersfeelingannoyed?A.Theygotonthewrongtrain.B.Theylosttheirbookedseats.C.Theymaymissthetransfer.4.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Washdishes.B.Cookameal.C.Finishareport.5.Whatistheweatherprobablylikenow?A.Sunnyandhot.B.Stormyandcold.C.Cloudyandcool.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段录音，回答第6、7题。6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Neighbors.B.Husbandandwife.C.Deliverymanandcustomer.7.Whathappenedtothewoman’spackage?A.Itwasstolen.B.Itwasleftinthestoragebox.C.Itwaspickedupbyherhusband.听第7段录音，回答第8至10题。8.Wheredidthewomangothismorning?A.Theman’shome.B.Kirby’sapartment.C.Thedoctor’soffice.9.Whatdoesthewomancareaboutregardingtheapartment?A.Theoutdoorspace.B.Thenaturallight.C.Theprivacy.10.Howdoesthewomansoundattheendoftheconversation?A.Surprised.B.Worried.C.Sorry.听第8段录音，回答第11至13题。11.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofaone‑pageCVfortheman?A.It’ssuitable.B.It’simpractical.C.It’stooshort.12.Whichjobattractsthemanmost?A.Waiter.B.Teacher.C.Librarian.13.WhyshouldthemanwritemoreCVs?A.Tomatchdifferentjobrequirements.B.Toincludeallhisvolunteerwork.C.Toselectthebestone.听第9段录音，回答第14至16题。14.Whattimeisitnow?A.3:30p.m.B.4:00p.m.C.6:00p.m.15.WhatwillElladointheshoeroom?A.Repairheroldshoes.B.Designshoestyles.C.Makenewshoesfitbetter.16.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inatheater.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inaradiostudio.听第10段录音，回答第17至20题。17.Whomightfindithardtostepbackinateam?A.Thosewholovequietroles.B.Thosewhopreferworkingalone.C.Thosewhoenjoytakingthelead.18.Howcanshyteammatesbeencouragedtospeakup?A.Bypraisingtheirefforts.B.Bygivingthemtimeandspace.C.Byaskingthemlotsofquestions.19.Whatdoesthespeakeradvocate?A.Achievingabalanceinateam.B.Learningfromteammates.C.Bringingoutateam’spotential.20.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.Thebenefitsofteamwork.B.Thekeytogoodteamwork.C.Thesuggestionsonleadingateam.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AGetaninsider’sviewofAmsterdamonaprivatetourthatcombinesthecity’siconiclandmarkswithitsbest‑keptsecrets.Whetherit’syourfirsttimevisitingoryou’rerediscoveringthishistoricalgem(瑰宝),yourlocalguidewilltailortheexperiencetoyourpreferences.ExploreIconicLandmarksWithExpertInsightFromthegrandRoyalPalacetothevibrantRembrandtplein,youwillgetafulloverviewofAmsterdam’smajorsites.Beyondsightseeing,yourguidewillsharefascinatinghistoricalstories.Asonevisitorcommented,“Thetourevolvedaswewentaccordingtoourinterests”,creatinganunforgettableexperience.DiscoverHiddenGemsAwayFromTheCrowdsWhatsetsthistourapartistheopportunitytoexplorethehiddencornersofAmsterdamthatmosttouristsneversee.Yourguide,whoknowsthecityinsideandout,willleadyoutospotslikequietcourtyardsandcenturies‑oldwoodenhouses.ConnectWithLocalCultureOverASpecialTreatNeedabreak?Yourguideknowsjusttheplace!You’llstopatabelovedlocaleatery,whereyoucansavorasnackordrinkwhilelearningmoreaboutAmsterdam’scultureanddailylife.CustomizeYourJourneyThisisnotaone‑size‑fits‑alltour.Yourguidewilladapttheroutetomatchyourinterests.Youarefreetoslowdownforphotographyorskipcertainsightswheneveryoufeellikeit.Notightschedulewillrestrictyourtravellingpace.Formoreinformation,pleaserefertothetablebelow.DestinationAmsterdam,theNetherlandsCategoryCityhighlighttoursDuration3hoursTransportmodeWalkingtourAvailablelanguagesEnglish,Nederlands,Français,Deutsch,Español,РусскийPackagefee59Included:privateguide;1localsnack;photographyExcluded:entrancetoattractionsCancellationpolicyBookrisk‑free.Cancelwithin24hoursforafullrefund.21.Whatisoneadvantageofthetour?A.Itcentersonhiddencourtyards.B.Itofferspersonalizedarrangements.C.Itprovidesdiscountsforfirst‑timevisitors.D.ItfeaturesthesecretsofAmsterdam.22.Whatdoesthepackagefeefailtocover?A.Shootingservice. B.Privateguide.C.Onelocalsnack. D.Admissiontickets.23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext? A.Topersuadepeopletobookthetour. B.TointroduceAmsterdam’slonghistory.C.ToshowtouristroutesintheNetherlands. D.Toexplainregulationsoflocalscenicspots.BDavidBrooksisabest‑sellingauthor.ThebookclubIjoinedrecentlypickedhisworkHowtoKnowaPerson:TheArtofSeeingOthersDeeplyandBeingDeeplySeen.Brooksopensthebookwithapersonalreflection:“Byhighschool,Ihadbuiltalong‑termshelterinsidemyownmind.”Yetaftermarriageandthearrivalofhischildren,hecametorealizethatinnerchangewasbadlyneeded.Herecalls,“WhenIwasyounger,mygoalwastobecomeknowledgeable.AsIgrewolder,Ilongedtogainwisdom.Wiseindividualscombinefactualknowledgewithcompassionateinsightintootherhumanbeings.”Brooksarguesthatthequalityofindividuallives,aswellassocialwell‑being,dependsheavilyonhowwetreatoneanotherduringsmall,day‑to‑dayexchanges.Heobservestwotypesofpeopleinsociety:“diminishers”and“illuminators”.Toillustratewhatmakesanilluminator,BrookscitesE.M.Forster’sbiography:“Tospeaktofeelheardwithsuchintensitythatyouweredriventowardyourmostsincere,sharp‑sightedandfinestself.”Brooksfurthernotesthatfrequentreaderstendtogrowmoreempathetic,avitalqualityforhealthyrelationships.Readingenablesaudiencestowitnesscharacters’struggles,broadeningtheirawarenessofdiverseviewpointsandinnerfeelings.HeborrowsalinefromThorntonWilder:“Inlove’sservice,onlythewoundedsoldierscanserve.”Itisthroughhardshipandtoughlifeevents,Brooksimplies,thathumanbeingsgraduallyachievegreateremotionalwisdom.Brooksproveshimselfaskilledstory‑telleranddrawswidelyfromresearchfindings.Still,thereviewerfindsthebookoccasionallydisjointed.Someextendedanecdotes(趣闻)failtocloselysupporttheargumentslaidoutinearlierchapters.ThoughBrooksiswell‑informed,certainsectionsreadlikeajournalist’scollectionofquotationsfromdiversematerials.Evenso,thereviewerappreciatesBrooks’sfrankness.Heopenlyadmitswherehisownunderstandingfallsshort,andshowsgenuinepassionforthetopic.Allthingsconsidered,thisvolumecanserveasaworthwhilereferenceforreaders.24.WhatdoweknowaboutBrooksfromparagraph1?A.Hislifecourseisredirected. B.Thebookclubmakeshisbookahit.C.Hisbookfocusesonpersonalreflection. D.Parenthoodshiftshisperspectiveonlife.25.AccordingtoBrooks,anilluminatortendsto____.A.prioritizeothers’opinions B.demandtotalhonestyfromothersC.empathizewithpeopleandbetterthem D.stayawayfrompeopleandavoidconflicts26.Howcanreadersbuildtheirempathythroughreading?A.Bysharingdifferentopinions. B.Bysensingothers’innerworlds.C.Byrecordinglifeexperiences. D.Bycuringemotionalwounds.27.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveyinparagraph4?A.Thecharactersinthebookarevividlydescribed.B.Thelanguageofthetextisinformalandoriginal.C.Somecontentsofthebookarelooselyconnected.D.Thecentralthemeofthebookisclearlypresented.CFormanybirdwatchers,recordingaspeciesoutsideitsnormalrangeisthetopprize.IntheUK,thediscoveriesoftenmakenationalheadlines.Butanewsource(灾祸)isthreateningtoruinthefun:AIslop.TheriseofgenerativeAIplatformssuchasChatGPTandGoogleGeminihasledtoasharpincreaseinartificialandenhancedimagesofrareandcelebratedbirdsacrosswildlifephotographyforums.Scientistsareconcernedthattheseimageswilldamagethecredibilityofpopularcitizen‑scienceplatformssuchasiNaturalistandMacaulayLibrary,whichareroutinelyusedinscientificresearchtomonitorspecies’habitatrange.“MyexperienceoflookingatFacebookthesedaysisthatahugevolumeofwildlifephotosnowaresimplyAI‑generatedimagery,”saidDr.AlexanderLees,anecologistatManchesterMetropolitanUniversity.“Theideathatwecouldusethosephotostohelpusunderstandwherespeciesareinspaceandtimeisverydifficult.”LeespointstotheexampleofafalsesightingincentralBrazilofared‑wingedblackbird,whichisusuallyfoundinNorthAmerica.Itwas,infact,anepauletoriole—acommonnewworldspecies—butthephotographerhadaskedAItomakethepicture“lookbetter”,sopartsofthered‑wingedblackbirdwereadded.Citizenscienceorganizationsareworkingtounderstandthescaleoftheissue.OniNaturalist,just1,400oftheplatform’s610mimageshavebeenflaggedforAIuse.Frommonitoringhowplantsandanimalsmoveinresponsetoclimatebreakdowntorecordingspecies’newbehavior,dozensofdiscoverieshavebeenmadeusingcitizenscience.TonyIvane,aniNaturalistdirector,appealedtouserstobecautious.“Themoreweknowaboutwherespeciesare,thebetterinformedwecanbeasconservationists.Buttheinformationneedstobeaccurate.”28.Whatphenomenonishighlightedinthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.RiseofAI‑processedbirdimages.B.PostingAI‑editedimagesonAIplatforms.C.Recordingaspeciesoutsideitsnormalrange.D.EmergenceofAI‑generatedinformation.29.WhichofthefollowingdoesDr.AlexanderLeesintendtotellus?A.AI‑generatedwildlifephotoscanmisleadpeople.B.Someenhancedbird‑watchingphotosgounnoticed.C.Photographershavethedutytoimprovetheirpictures.D.Thecredibilityofcitizen‑scienceplatformsisdoubted.30.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?A.Citizenscientistsenjoysharingimagesofrarebirds.B.MostofiNaturalistimagesaremarkedasAI‑related.C.Citizensciencecontributesalottowildliferesearch.D.UsingAItorecordspecies’newbehaviorisdifficult.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.NewwaystospotAI‑generatedwildlifepictures.B.RisksAIbringstocitizen‑sciencebird‑recording.C.Thepopularityofmodernbird‑watchingactivities.D.Majorfunctionsofwildlifephotographyforums.DWhenscanningingredientlabelsonsupermarketgoods,shoppersfrequentlyspotchemicalnameslikecitricacid.Thesesubstancesarefoodpreservativesaddedtoblockfoodspoilageandmaintaintasteandcolor.Morethanonefifthofallpackagedfooditemscarryatleastonesuchadditive.Foryears,peopleviewedthesechemicalsastotallysafe,yetanewlarge‑scaleresearchcastsdoubtonthiscommonbelief.AresearchteamfromseveralFrenchuniversitiescarriedoutalong‑termhealthsurvey,coveringover112thousandvolunteers.Theteamtrackedeachparticipant’sdietandphysicalconditionsfornearlyeightyears.Earlierlabexperimentshintedcertainpreservativesmightdamageheartfunctionsbutfewstudiescollectedreliableevidencefromhumangroups.Thisprojectstandsoutasthefirstwide‑rangingresearchexploringtheconnectionbetweendailyintakeofvariouspreservativesandtwomajorillnesses—highbloodpressureandheartdiseases.Researcherssortedpreservativesintotwofunctionalgroups.Thefirsttyperestrictsthegrowthofmoldandbacteriawhilethesecondpreventsfoodoxidation(氧化)anddiscoloration.Statisticsshowedalmosteveryvolunteertookpreservativesregularly.Thoseconsuminglargeamountsofbacteria‑inhibitingpreservatives(抑菌防腐剂)faceda29percenthigherriskofhighbloodpressureanda16percentriseinheartdiseaserisk.Heavyusersofanti‑oxidationpreservativesalsosawa22percentincreasedchanceofsufferinghighbloodpressure.Eightwidelyusedpreservativeswerelinkedtobloodpressurerisksandoneofthemfurtherliftedhearttroublepossibility.Thoughthedatashowsclearcorrelation,theteamremindsreadersthestudycannotconfirmdirectcauseandeffect.Someobviouslimitsexistintheresearchsamplewheremostparticipantsarehighlyeducatedwomen,whichfailstomirrorthewholepopulation.Evenafteradjustingdatatoruleoutoutsideinfluences,thenegativeconnectionremainedstable.Theresearchteamcallsforofficialauthoritiesworldwidetore‑examinethesafetystandardsoffoodadditives.Currentrulesmaynotfullyprotectconsumersgivenpeopleabsorbdifferentpreservativesfrommultiplemealsdaily.Expertsalsosuggestordinarycitizenschooselessprocessednaturalfoodtocutunnecessarychemicalintake.32.Whatisspecialabouttheresearch?A.Ituseslarge‑scalehumandata. B.Itidentifiesnewpreservatives.C.Itupdateslabexperimentmethods. D.Itimprovesfoodprocessingtechniques.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“correlation”inparagraph4referto?A.Highrisksoftwomajorillnesses. B.Linkbetweenpreservativesandhealth.C.Differencesbetweentwofunctionalgroups. D.Hiddenconnectionsofrelevanthealthissues.34.Whichbestdescribestheresearchsample?A.Authoritative. B.Typical. C.Restricted. D.Random.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.SafetyRulesforFoodProductionB.WaystoReduceIntakeofAdditivesC.ClassificationofCommonFoodPreservativesD.NewFindingsonPreservativesandRelatedRisks第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Inaworldthatcelebratesbusyness,unstructuredfreetimeisoftenseenaswastedtime.Peoplefilleveryminutewithto‑dolists,scheduledactivities,andproductivitygoals.36____Yet,unstructuredtime—whenyouhavenoplans,nodeadlines,orspecifictaskstocomplete—holdssurprisingbenefitsforbothmindandbody.Unstructuredfreetimeallowsyourbraintorestandrecharge.Whenyou’reconstantlyswitchingbetweentasks,yourprefrontalcortex(前额叶皮质)worksovertime,leadingtomentalexhaustion.37____Withoutexternaldemands,yourmindcanwanderfreely,makingroomforcreativethinkingandproblem‑solving.38____Itisduringtheseunplannedmomentsthatmanypeoplediscovernewhobbiesorrevisitforgottenpassions.Acasualwalkintheparkmightsparkaninterestinbirdwatching.Aquietafternoonwithnoobligationscouldleadtopickingupanoldguitaragain.Thesesmalldiscoveriescanbringunexpectedjoyandarenewedsenseofpurpose.Toomuchstructurecanleavelittleroomforself‑reflection.39____Unstructuredtimegivesyouthespacetoaskyourselfsimplebutimportantquestions:AmIhappywithmyroutine?WhatdoItrulyenjoydoing?Thisquietself‑check‑incanhelpyoustayconnectedtoyourownneedsandvalues.Ofcourse,unstructuredtimedoesn’tmeanbeinglazy.40____Thekeyistobalanceitwiththeresponsibilitiesofdailylife.Intheend,theseunplannedmomentsarenotempty—theyarethespaceswherelife’smostmeaningfulexperiencesoftengrow.A.Somepeopleprefertospendtheirfreetimewithfriendsorfamily.B.Unstructuredtimecanalsobeapowerfultoolforpersonalgrowth.C.Manypeopleevenfeelguiltywhentheyarenotbeing“productive.”D.Thiskindofmentalbreakisessentialforrestoringfocusandclarity.E.Itsimplymeanslettinggoofthepressuretoalwaysbedoingsomething.F.Creativeideasrarelyappearwhenyouareoverloadedwithtightschedules.G.Constantlyfollowingplansleavesnotimetoprocessyourthoughtsandfeelings.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。OntheeveningofJune13,Goughwasreturningtohiscompanywhenhenoticedseveralvehicles41____alongRoute6nearStarbrick,Pennsylvania.Asheapproached,hesawamotorcycleriderdownintheroadwayafter42____withadeer.Afterstoppingtomakesure43____wasontheway,Goughbecameconcernedthatpassingmotoristswerenotslowingdownenoughasthey44____thescene.“Trafficwasnotreallyslowingdown,”Gough45____.“Therewerepeopletryingto46____traffic,butnobodyhadreflectiveclothingon.Itwasa47____foranotheraccident.”48____thedanger,Goughdroveashortdistanceahead,turnedhistruckaround,and49____ittoforceapproachingvehiclesintothecenterturnlane,creatingaprotective50____betweentrafficandtheinjuredrider.Themotorcyclistremained51____untilemergencyresponders,atowingcompany,andvolunteerfirefightersarrivedonscene.“Ourteamheardaboutthe52____fromtextmessages,thetowingcompanyandultimatelytheriderhimself.Whenwe53____anddiscoveredwhichofourdrivershadbeensoselfless,wewerenotsurprised,”saidarepresentativefromCapelaTransport.“ThisisthetypeofhumanHarryis.”ForGough,helpingwas54____therightthingtodo.“I’vebeendrivingfor29years,andIlearnedfromolderdrivers,”hesaid.“That’slikeacode—youjustdon’t55____.”41.A.racedB.waitedC.stoppedD.circled42.A.meetingB.crashingC.dealingD.fighting43.A.helpB.guideC.safetyD.surprise44.A.clearedB.witnessedC.roundedD.approached45.A.warnedB.doubtedC.recalledD.complained46.A.directB.blockC.restrictD.monitor47.A.markB.basisC.recipeD.reminder48.A.FearingB.IgnoringC.PreventingD.Recognizing49.A.movedB.positionedC.paintedD.started50.A.barrierB.coverC.layerD.device51.A.stillB.calmC.consciousD.protected52.A.legendB.incidentC.misfortuneD.experiment53.A.realizedB.reactedC.guessedD.researched54.A.relativelyB.simplyC.expectedlyD.eventually55.A.drivebyB.goaheadC.giveupD.backdown第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WusanniaoVillageinShangdangboastsanincense‑making(香料制造)history56____(trace)backtothelateYuanDynasty.Thevillage’sincensecraftislistedas57____intangibleculturalheritage.Localartisansdrewinspiration58____noodle‑makingequipmenttocreateefficientproductiontools.Acompleteindustrialsupplychainhastakenshape59____(local),greatlypromotingruraldevelopment.60____wasonceignoredbyyounggenerationsisbeingrevivedwithjointeffortsofculturaldepartmentsandinheritors.Aspecialindustrialartfair61____(schedule)tobeheldnextmonth,displayingantiqueincenseworks.Modernmakersadjustingredients62____(meet)modernhealthstandards.Whenlit,themildfragranceinhibitsharmfulbacteriaandpurifiesindoorair,easingpeople’s63____(anxious).Thisancientskill64____(stand)outamongtraditionalartsforitsuniquewellnessvalue.Localcooperativesgrowlargeareasofmugwortandcedartoguaranteesustainablerawmaterialsupply,65____integratesheritagecraftsmanshipwithruraleconomicrevitalization(振兴).第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）假定你是李华，你校英文公众号计划推出“ChangesofMyHometown”主题系列短视频。请你用英语写一则视频征集通知，内容包括：视频内容与要求；（2）提交方式与截止时间。注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Notice___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ItwasasunnylateMarchmorninginAlabama.Bennettdecidedtogokayaking(皮划艇)andfishingontheElkRiverbeforeheadinghometowatchhis4‑year‑olddaughter’sballgame.Theweatherwaspleasantafteraweekofrainandoverflowingrivers.Confidentandrelaxed,Bennettloadedhiskayakwithfishingequipment.Theriversurfacelookedcalm,buthiddencurrentsranbeneath.Shortlyafterhepushedoff,chaoticwatersuddenlyflipped(打翻)hissmallkayak.Submergedintheicy,rushingwater,Bennettwasinstantlyterrified.Hisill‑fittinglifejacketchokedhisthroat,makingithardtobreathe.Strugglingdesperately,hefailedtorightthekayakandwasgraduallycarrieddownstreambytheviolentcurrent.ThenBennettremembered:Myphone!Butwhenhereachedintohispocket,hefoundthatthephonewasgone.Ashecheckedhisotherpocket,hishandbrushedagainstthehandgunhealwaysworewhenhefished,incaseofsnakes.Maybehecouldsignalforhelp.Hefiredrepeatedshotsatpassingcarsonthebridge.Unfortunately,noonestopped.Shiveringviolentlyandlosingbasicbodycontrol,Bennettthoughthewouldnotsurvivethecoldriver.Justashewasabouttogiveup,Johnwhowascampingnearbywithhischildrenheardtheunusualgunshots.Asadisaster‑recoveryvolunteer,Johnhadpulledpeopleoutoffloods,setbonesandrescuedpuppies.Hesawhisskillsandexperiencesasaresponsibilitytohelpothers.Withprofessionalrescueexperience,heimmediatelyrealizedsomeonewasingreatdanger.注意：（1）续写词数应为150个左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Withouthesitation,Johnrushedtowardtheriverbank.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________