2完整版本.河南专升本英语-高频词汇

河南省专升本英语基础精讲高频词汇篇主讲老师：李军第一节单词记忆名词数词动词连词介词对于背单词这件事，你是___A.爱B.不爱C.爱不起欲练此功必先“自功”强化语音学习由音到形再到义1significant有意义的[sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt]注重构词规律词根词缀复合法2significantant形容词后缀signifysignificance利用语境增加记忆的深度3wedding

anniversaryis

of

great

significance并重词汇和语法两类意义4be

of

great

significancebe

significant荷尔蒙决定一见钟情多巴胺决定天长地久5多巴胺，背单词的丘比特之箭快乐荷尔蒙刺激多巴胺清单带上单词书，走进自己喜欢的咖啡厅边喝芒果布丁，边喝单词奖励背完今天的单词吃鸡半小时打开久石让的背景音乐……喧嚣是一群人的寂寞寂寞是一个人的天堂6第二节构词法-词缀前缀影响词义前缀决定词义1.en-:使richablelargeenrich使丰富enable使能够enlarge扩大前缀决定词义2.dis-:除去，取消ablelikecourageagreeappeardisable使丧失能力dislike不喜欢discourage使泄气disagree不同意disappear消失前缀决定词义3.un-:不ableknowncomfortablereasonablelikeunable无能力的unknown未知的uncomfortable不舒服的unreasonable不合理的unlike不像前缀决定词义4.

in-:不activecapablecorrectinactive不活跃的incapable无能力的incorrect不正确的前缀决定词义5.im-:不，无，非possiblepolitepracticalmature[məˈtʃʊr]impossible不可能的impolite不礼貌的impractical不切实际的immature不成熟的前缀决定词义6.ir-:不，无regularresponsibleirregular不规律的irresponsible不负责任的前缀决定词义7.mis-:错误，坏understandfortunemisunderstand误会misfortune不幸前缀决定词义8.re-:回，向后turnmovefreshcallmindreturn返回remove去除refresh使恢复精神recall回想remind提醒后缀影响词性后缀决定词性-名词1.

-er:表示做某事的人

murderstrangespeakcookemploymurderer凶手stranger陌生人speaker演讲者cooker炊具employer雇主后缀决定词性-名词2.

-ist:从事某种职业的人scienceracecapitalscientist科学家racist种族主义者

种族主义的capitalist资本家

资本主义的后缀决定词性-名词3.

-ment:名词后缀

arguejudgegovernargument争论judgment判断government政府后缀决定词性-名词4.

-ness:名词后缀

happyillhappiness快乐illness疾病后缀决定词性-名词5.

–tion/sion:行为的过程和结果

informinviteinventsuggestdecideinformation信息invitation邀请invention发明suggestion建议decision决定后缀决定词性-名词6.

-ship:表示情况、状态、性质、关系friendleaderhardrelationfriendship友谊leadership领导hardship艰难困苦relationship关系后缀决定词性-名词7.

-age:抽象名词词缀

shortmarryshortage缺点marriage婚姻后缀决定词性-名词8.

-ty:名词后缀

loyalactivedifficultpossiblemajorloyalty忠诚activity活动difficulty困难possibility可能性majority大多数后缀决定词性-名词9.

–ence/-ance:性质，状态；名词后缀dependconfidentreferabsentimportantindependence独立confidence自信reference参考absence缺席importance重要性后缀决定词性-形容词1.

-al:…的naturenationindustryclasspersonnatural自然的national国家的industrial工业的classical古典的personal私人的后缀决定词性-形容词2.

–able:具有某种性质的

reasoncomfortsensereasonable合理的comfortable舒服的sensible明智的后缀决定词性-形容词3.

-ive:具有某种性质的sensecreateeffectactsensitive敏感的creative有创造力的effective有效果的active活跃的后缀决定词性-形容词4.

-y:形容词或名词后缀，多/有…的sunthirsthealthfundirtsunny晴朗的thirsty口渴的healthy健康的funny有趣的dirty脏的后缀决定词性-形容词5.

-ous:形容词后缀continuevarycontinuous不断地various多样的后缀决定词性-形容词6.

-ant:形容词后缀,常可转化为-ance名词ignoreresistdistance【19-33】significanceignorant无知的resistant反抗的distant遥远的significant意义重大的后缀决定词性-形容词7.

-ly:形容词后缀，有…性质的friendloveliveweekfriendly友好的lovely可爱的lively活泼的，生动的weekly每周的后缀决定词性-形容词8.

-ful/-less:充满…的，具有…的carehopehelpusecareful细心的hopeful有希望的helpful有帮助的useful有用的后缀决定词性-动词1.

-ize:使成为…状态realmoderncriticrealize意识到modernize使现代化criticize批评后缀决定词性-动词2.

-en:使变得strengthlengthsharpstrengthen加强lengthen延长sharpen削尖后缀决定词性-动词3.

-fy:使…成为simplebeautifulclasssimplify简化beautify美化classify把…分类后缀决定词性-动词4.

–ing/-ed:动词分词，分词形容词

referchargesurprisereferring参考，提及charged控告，索价,充电surprising/surprised后缀决定词性-动词5.

–s:动词单三，名词复数

limitmateriallimits限制materials材料后缀决定词性-副词-ly:副词后缀eventualcommoncloseliketruthfuleventually最后commonly一般地，普通地closely紧密地，接近地likely可能的/地truthfully诚实地第三节形近词辨析51.adapt&adopt【2009-5】The

old

couple

decided

to_____

a

boy

though

they

had

three

of

their

own.A.

adapt B.bringC.

receive D.adopt【D】【考点】adopt

a

boy收养一个男孩2.effective&efficient&effect【2010-33】The

information

technology

has

greatly

_____

people’s

life.A.

affectedB.effectC.

impact

D.infected【A】【考点】现在完成时have/has+done；根据题意：信息技术极大影响了人们的生活，选A3.some+time分开为一段相连为某时分开是几次相连是有时【2008-34】I

hope

to

meet

you

again

_____

next

year.A.

sometimes B.timesC.

sometime D.some

time【C】【考点】题意：我希望明年某时与你再见。4.

lielie-lied-lied-lying

规则撒谎lie-lay-lain-lying

不规则躺lay-laid-laid-laying

躺过下蛋【2010-17】The

factory

had

to

_____

a

number

of

employees

because

of

the

economic

crisis

in

the

country.A.

lay

out B.lay

offC.

lay

aside D.lay

down【B】【考点】词组辨析；译为解雇员工；此处等于dismiss5.

–ly特殊形容词lonely

likely

friendly

daily

lovely

deadly

lively

chilly【2010-17】I

shall

have

a

companion

in

the

house

after

all

these

_____

years.A.

alone B.lonelyC.

single D.simple【B】【考点】题意：孤独了这么多年后,我也该有个伴在家了。第四节近义词辨析101.破坏【2018-32】The

car

was

badly

smashed

up,

but

the

driver

got

away

without

serious

_____.A.

damage B.woundC.

pain D.injury【D】【考点】交通事故中人受伤用injure/injury.【2012-20】His

fellow

workers

saw

him

fall

down

and

blood

came

out

from

the

open

_____.A.

wound B.injuryC.

hurt D.damage【A】【考点】开放性伤口the

open

wound2.保证【2019-27】It

is

wise

to

_____

your

property

against

storm

damage.A.

insure B.assureC.

reassure D.ensure【A】【考点】insure

A

against

B为防止B给A投保3.花费spend主人宾钱时spend…on

sth./spend…in

doing

sth.pay 主人宾钱 pay

off偿清；获得成功pay

for为…付款take 主物宾时 it

takes

sb.

st.

to

do

sth.cost 主物宾钱

代价；成本at

the

cost

of以…为代价【2018-27】Careless

driving

may

_____

your

life.A.

cost B.spendC.

pay D.buy【A】【考点】sth.

costs

sb.

sm…①某物花掉某人…钱②付出…的代价4.四大“少”+可数+不可数肯定否定【2010-21】It

is

impossible

for

so

_____

workers

to

do

so

_____

work

in

a

single

day.A.

few;

much B.few;

manyC.

little;

much D.little;

many【A】【考点】workers是可数名词；work是不可数名词5.指责，控告be

charged

withbe

accused

ofblame

sb.

for

sth.【2011-1】The

shop

assistant

was

dismissed

as

she

was

_____

of

cheating

customers.A.

accused B.chargedC.

scolded D.cursed【A】【考点】固定搭配；be

accused

of

doing

sth.被控告6.depend&rely【2016-39】While

studying

abroad,

he

financially

depended

_____his

wife.A.

on B.ofC.

to D.from【A】【考点】固定搭配；depend

on依靠；取决于7.除了exceptexcept

forexcept

thatbesidesapart

from【2019-27】The

classroom

is

quite

clean

_____

some

waste

paper

on

the

floor.A.

except

for B.besidesC.

except D.without【A】【考点】教室和废纸屑不属于同一范畴；故肯定整体否定部分8.realize&recognize&illustrate【2015-13】The

engineer

tried

to

_____

the

problem

with

several

drawings.A.

recognize B.impressC.

illustrate D.identify【C】【考点】题意：这个工程师设法用几张图表来说明这个问题9.arouse&arise&raise&rise唤起（爱心，注意）（太阳，气温，价格）上升抬床，举手，升旗，筹钱起床，发生，出现【2011-11】Our

hopes

_____

at

the

first

sight

of

the

doctor.A.

arose B.raisedC.

rose D.aroused【A】【考点】希望燃起/出现，选择不及物动词arise构成主谓结构【2019-38】Joe

stared

at

me

for

a

moment

and

then

reluctantly

_____

his

hand.A.

extended B.increasedC.

raised D.put【C】【考点】词语搭配raise

one’s

hand举手10.错误flaw缺点；瑕疵mistake错误error错误fault过错【2019-37】She

is

finding

_____

with

the

way

I

do

my

hair.A.

flaw B.mistakeC.

fault

D.error【C】【考点】固定搭配，find

fault挑剔，找茬儿，指责第五节词语搭配81.applyapply

toapply

forapplicantapplicationappliance【2013-38】Today,

household

chores

has

been

made

much

easier

by

electrical

_____.A.

facilities B.equipmentC.

appliances D.utilities【C】【考点】词语搭配；electrical

appliance电器2.-up

with【2019-40】Slow

down!

I

can’t_____

with

you.A.

get

on B.put

downC.

drop

out D.keep

up【D】【考点】词组辨析；题意：慢一点，我跟不上你了！【2009-18】【2014-15】3.

put【2008-20】【2004-22】put

across解释清楚【2008-20】When

they

had

finished

playing,

the

children

were

made

to

_____

all

the

toys

they

had

taken

out.A.

put

off B.put

upC.

put

out D.put

away【D】【考点】词组辨析；题意：孩子们被要求收拾玩具4.break【2010-1】【2010-1】The

fire

must

have

_____

after

the

shop

was

closed.A.

broken

out B.broken

downC.

broken

in D.broken

through【A】【考点】词组辨析；题意：火灾爆发5.take【2019-31】【2017-28/36】【2019-31】The

debate

will

_____

place

tonight.A.

be B.takeC.

have D.make【B】【考点】固定搭配；题意：辩论将于今晚进行（发生）【2017-36】They

rarely

goes

to

the

cinema

as

his

work

_____

almost

all

his

time.A.

takes

away B.takes

overC.

takes

up

D.takes

in【C】【考点】词组辨析；题意：他的