外研版英语必修第三册　Unit 3　The world of science 教师用书

必修第三册Unit3TheworldofscienceⅠ.阅读单词——会意1．gunpowdern．火药2．compassn．指南针，罗盘3．virtualadj.虚拟的，模拟的；几乎……的；实际上的4．virtualreality虚拟现实5．wearabletech可穿戴技术6．batteryn．电池7．computev．计算8．stuffn．东西，物品v．填满，塞满9．astronomern．天文学家10．Gregoriancalendar公历，阳历(自1582年起在西方使用的历法)11．naturalselection自然选择12．fieldresearch实地研究，实地调研13．radiumn．镭(一种化学元素)14．lightningn．闪电15．fictionn．虚构的事，想象的事16．metaln．金属17．gravityn．重力，引力；严肃；严重性Ⅱ.拼写单词——记形1．shootv．射击；拍摄；射门，投篮；冲，奔；射出(光线等)，放射n．嫩枝，嫩芽2．desiren．渴望，欲望v．渴望，希望3．passiveadj.被动的4．beyondprep.无法……；超出，非……所及5．instancen．例子，实例6．speciesn．物种7．streamn．小河，小溪vi.流动；流播8．extraordinaryadj.非凡的，出色的9．brilliantadj.聪颖的，才华横溢的10．theoryn．学说，理论11．mentaladj.精神的；精神健康的12．curen．药剂；疗法v．治愈(病人或动物)；纠正/去除(弊端等)13．draftv．起草，草拟n．草稿；通风气流，穿堂风14．experimentn．(科学)实验v．做实验15．flashn．闪光，闪现；闪光灯；(思想、情感等的)突现v．(使)闪光，(使)闪耀；闪现，突然想到16．entirelyadv.完全地，彻底地17．proceduren．程序，步骤，手续Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．pressv．按，压，推；催促，逼迫；将……塞进n．出版社，印刷厂；(常用thepress)新闻界→pressuren．挤压；(物理)压强；压力2．flexibleadj.易弯曲的，柔韧的，有弹性的；灵活的→flexiblyadv.灵活地；有弹性地→flexibilityn．灵活性；弹性3．capableadj.有能力的→incapableadj.没有能力的→capabilityn．能力4．significantadj.重要的，影响深远的；显著的→insignificantadj.不重要的→significancen．重要性，意义5．injurev．使受伤，弄伤→injuryn．伤害，损伤→injuredadj.受伤的6．chemistn．化学家；药剂师；药房→chemistryn．化学→chemicaladj.化学的n．化学物质7．biologistn．生物学家→biologyn．生理；生物学→biologicaladj.生物(学)的8．accurateadj.精确的→accuratelyadv.精确地→accuracyn．精确度，准确性9．minoradj.小的；次要的→minorityn．少数10．originn．起源，起因→originaladj.最初的，原始的n．原作，原件→originallyadv.原来，最初→originatevi.起源，发源11．declarationn．声明，宣告→declarev．宣布12．attachv．系，绑；贴；附；重视，认为……重要→attachedadj.附属于；依恋的→attachmentn．附件；连接物；依恋13．conductv．传导(热、电)；实施，安排，进行；指挥(军队、乐队等)；举止，表现；引导，带领n．行为，举止；管理方法→conductorn．导体；指挥；售票员14．scientificadj.科学(上)的→scientificallyadv.科学上→sciencen．科学；理科→scientistn．科学家15．accountn．记述，描述；报道；账户vi.(数量上、比例上)占；是……的原因；解释→accountantn．会计师16．proofn．证明，证据→provev．证明，证实；证明是积累——构词法学一法会一类前缀com-意为“共同、在一起、互相”“完全、彻底(加强语气)”。1．com-用在以字母b，m，p，f开头的单词之前，如：compute＝com(一起)＋pute(计算)→计算，compromise＝com(一起)＋promise(承诺)→双方在一起互相协商，各自做出承诺→妥协，折中。2．com-在a，e，i，o，u，h，g，n前面变成co，如：coincidence＝co(共同)＋incidence(发生，发生率)→同时发生→巧合，碰巧。3．com-在l，r前变成col，cor，如：colleague＝col(在一起)＋league(联盟)→在一个联盟或团体里一起工作的人→同事，correct＝cor(完全地，加强语气)＋rect(正，直)→使变直、变正→正确的；改正。(1)Thereport’sco-authorTomMacMillansaid，“Publicawarenessofwatershortageremainslow.”共同作者，合著者(2)Thereisadirectcorrelationbetweenexposuretosunandskincancer.相互关系，关联(3)Heneverunderstoodhowtoorganizeorcompresslargemassesofmaterial.压缩，精简，浓缩(4)Researchersfromdifferentcountrieswillcollaborateonaprojecttodevelopmoresustainableenergysolutions.合作，协作(5)Compeermentaltutorshipisakindofschoolmentalhealtheducationmodel.同辈；同伴；地位相等的人Ⅳ.背核心短语1．inaddition除此之外，另外2．neversaynever别轻易说决不3．aswellas与……一样好；和，也4．forinstance例如5．beusedtodosth被用来做某事6．becapableof能够，有能力做某事7．intermsof按照；谈及；在……方面8．startwith从……开始9．takeplace发生；举行10．diefrom死于；因……而死11．alongwith连同……一起12．evenif/though即使，尽管Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．Andnow，wefindourselvesinthegreatnewageoftechnology.(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)而现在，我们发现自己正处于伟大的科技新时代。2．Intermsoftheenvironment，itisnowpossibletocreateanintelligentwalkinghouse.(itis＋adj.＋todo...)在环境领域，建造智能可移动房屋现在已成为可能。3．Sowhatisitthatinspiresustoinventthings？(强调句型的特殊疑问句式)那么，是什么激励着我们去发明东西呢？4．Butwhatremainsimportantisthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate，andthat’stherealspiritofinvention.(what引导的主语从句)不过有一点依旧重要，就是我们对思考与创造有着一种极度的渴望，而这正是真正的发明精神。5．ButscientistsallagreethatifFranklinhadactuallytouchedthekey，hewouldcertainlyhavediedfromtheelectricshock.(虚拟语气)但科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙，他必定会被电死。6．Infact，morethanoneaccountsuggeststhatwhileNewtonwascertainlyinspiredbyafallingapple，thereisnoproofthatithithimonthehead.(morethanone作主语)事实上，不止一处资料显示，虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明这颗苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。体验——析真题长句知高考难度(2025•全国二)Nevertheless，itservesasareminderthattherearemanywaystoaddressproblemsofsustainability，andthatyoucanmakeanamazingmealoutofalmostanything.[句式分析]本句是主从复合句。主句为itservesasareminder；that...sustainability和that...anything为两个同位语从句，由and连接。[尝试翻译]然而，它提醒我们，解决可持续发展问题的方法有很多，而且几乎用任何食材都能做出一顿美味的饭菜。Ⅰ.重点单词(每空1分，共27分)1．shootv．射击；射出(光线等)，放射n.嫩枝，嫩芽2．passiveadj.被动的3．beyondprep.无法……；超出，非……所及4．experimentn．(科学)实验v.做实验5．instancen．例子，实例6．speciesn．物种7．streamn．小河，小溪vi.流动；流播8．desiren．渴望，欲望v.渴望9．extraordinaryadj.非凡的，出色的10．proceduren．程序，步骤，手续11．brilliantadj.聪颖的，才华横溢的12．theoryn．学说，理论13．mentaladj.精神的；精神健康的14．draftv．起草，草拟n.草稿15．entirelyadv.完全地，彻底地16．chemistn．化学家→chemistryn．化学→chemicaladj.化学的n．化学物质17．conductv．传导(热、电)；实施n.行为，举止→conductorn．导体；指挥；售票员18．biologistn．生物学家→biologyn．生理；生物学→biologicaladj.生物(学)的19．proofn．证明，证据→provev．证明，证实20．minoradj.小的；次要的→minorityn．少数Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每空1分，共21分)1．Iattachgreatsignificance(significant)toperseverance，whichisquitesignificantforyourultimatesuccess.2．Manypeoplegotinjuredintheaccidentandonlyonewasluckytoescapeinjury，andnowtheinjuredareundertreatment.(injure)3．Theycouldn’tassessfactorsaccuratelysothattheycouldn’tensuretheaccuracyoftheirexperimentresult.(accurate)4．ThechiefeditoriscapableofmemorizingfiftyEnglishwordsinfiveminutes，sohehasthecapability(capable)tounderstandthedifficultEnglisharticle.5．Invirtualmeetings，it’scommontoattachrelevantdocumentstosharedfolders，andmanyusersdevelopastrongattachment(attach)tothisefficientway.6．Shedeclaredthatshewasn’tdiagnosedwithcancer，butthepublicwasdoubtfulaboutherdeclaration.(declare)7．Thedistinguishedscientisthasmadesomanyscientificachievementsinscienceinrecentyears.(science)8．Thegenerousaccountantopenedabankaccountthismorning，whichaccountedforhisabsencefromwork.(account)9．Hehastheabilitytodealwithunexpectedmattersflexiblyanditisbecauseofhisflexibilitythathehaswonwidepraisefromtheinstitution.(flexible)10．Hepressedmetoshoulder(shoulder)thechallengingmissionandIwasunderextremepressure(press)．Ⅲ.补全语段(句式仿写)(每题3分，共15分)NoticeForhumanbeings,1.itiscrucial/vitaltoexplorespace(探索太空是至关重要的)，soalecturethemedonspacesciencewillbeheldintheschoolhallat2o’clockthisFridayafternoonandwilllasttwohours.2．Whatisitthatwewilltalkabout？(我们到底会谈些什么呢？)We3.finditimportanttolearnaboutthehistory，achievementsaswellasdevelopmenttrendsofspaceflightsinourcountry(发现了解我国航天飞行的历史、成就和发展趋势是很重要的)，whichwillbetalkedaboutfirst.4.Morethanonerelatedscientificbenefitistobepresented(不止一项相关的科学益处将被展示)bythesameexpert，suchasfindingthelatestcureforsomeillnesses.5.Whatthethirdpartwillfocuson(第三部分将关注的)isthatparticipantscanaskquestionstheyarecuriousabout.Thosewhodesiretolearnmoreaboutspacearehighlywelcometotakepartinthelecture.TheStudents’Council课堂精讲精练1People’sdesireforbetterhealthhasdrivensignificantprogressintechnology.Doctorsnowuseadvancedtoolstoreducerisksofinjuringpatientsduringoperations.What’smore，newtreatmentshavebeendevelopedtocurediseasesoncethoughtincurable.Thistechgrowthnotonlysaveslivesbutalsogiveshopetothoseinneed.desiren．渴望，欲望vt.渴望，希望•haveastrongdesireforsth急于想得到某物haveastrongdesiretodosth强烈渴望做某事•desire(sb)todosth希望(某人)做某事desirethat...(should)do...希望……(1)(求助信)我在为我的家人和朋友选择中国工艺品时遇到困难，我非常渴望你及时的帮助。IhavedifficultychoosingChineseartcraftsformyfamilyandfriendsandIhaveastrongdesirefor/stronglydesireyourtimelyassistance.(2)(推荐信)既然你有强烈的学习中国文化的愿望，我向你强烈推荐北京大学。Sinceyouhaveastrongdesire/stronglydesiretolearnChineseculture，IstronglyrecommendPekingUniversitytoyou.(3)(2024•天津6月，书面表达)我们都希望大家放学后不要再让教室里的灯一直亮着，因为这种电力浪费行为与我们理应秉持的低碳理念直接相悖。Wealldesireeveryonetostopleavingclassroomlightsonafterschool/Wealldesirethateveryone(should)stopleavingclassroomlightsonafterschool，forsuchawasteofelectricitydirectlygoesagainstthelow-carbonconceptweshoulduphold.significantadj.重要的，影响深远的；显著的(insignificantadj.不重要的significancen．重要性，意义)beofgreatsignificance(＝beverysignificant)非常重要beofnosignificance无意义，不重要(1)(续写之动作链描写)我站起身来，擦干眼泪，大步向前走，嘴里喃喃地说，有时候别人对你的看法并不重要。Irosetomyfeet，wipedmytearsandstrodeforward，murmuringthatsometimeswhatothersthoughtofyouwasinsignificant/ofnosignificance.(2)(2024•浙江1月，应用文写作)此外，我们学生必须在课间休息时积极锻炼。毕竟，体育锻炼对我们的身心健康非常重要。Inaddition，westudentsmusttakeexerciseactivelyduringthebreaksinclass.Afterall，physicalexerciseisofgreatsignificance/isverysignificanttoourphysicalandmentalhealth.injurev．使受伤，弄伤(injuryn．伤害，损伤injuredadj.受伤的)•get/beinjured受伤•dosbaninjury(＝doaninjurytosb)弄伤某人•theinjured伤者(1)Theexplosiondidseriousinjuriestosomepassers-by；fortunately，theinjuredwereimmediatelyrushedtothenearesthospital.(injure)(2)(续写之动作描写)我被一块石头绊了一下，受了伤。虽然我的左脚受伤了，但我咬紧牙关，一瘸一拐地向前走，额头上淌下了豆大的汗珠。Itrippedoverastone，whichdidmeaninjury/didaninjurytome.AlthoughIgot/wasinjuredinmyleftfoot，Igrittedmyteethandhobbledforward，bean-sizedbeadsofsweatslippingdownmyforehead.curen．药剂；疗法vt.治愈(病人或动物)；纠正/去除(弊端等)•acurefor...……的治疗方法；治愈……的方法•curesbofsth治愈某人的某种疾病；矫正/改正某人的不良行为(1)(人物介绍)看到病人忍受着巨大的痛苦，医生们正在尽最大努力研发一种针对这种疾病的新疗法，这种疗法还可以治疗人们其他的严重疾病。Seeingpatientssufferingfromgreatpains，doctorsaretryingtheirbesttodevelopanewcureforthedisease，whichcanalsocurepeopleofothersevereillnesses/curepeople’sothersevereillnesses.(2)(2022•天津3月，书面表达)我坚信，只要我们不轻易说决不，我们就一定能改掉自己的坏习惯。Iholdthestrongbeliefthataslongasweneversaynever，wecandefinitelycureourselvesofourbadhabits.1．Mywifepressed①metogetpromotedintheOxfordUniversityPress②assoonaspossible，whichannoyedmesomuchthatIpressed③mycarkeyintomypocket，rusheddownstairs，gotonmycarandpressed④downhardonthegaspedal.①vt.催促，逼迫②n.出版社，印刷厂③vt.将……塞进④v.按，压，推2．Withthemorningsunshooting①softlightandthenewshoots②ofthewillows(柳树)swinginginthespringbreeze，mysonwasbusyshooting③atthetargetwhilemyhusbandwasshooting④towardsthebasketballhoopandwasreadytoshoot⑤thelastgoal.Iwasoccupiedinshooting⑥thesurroundingbeautifulsceneryusingmynewly-boughtcamera.①v.射出(光线等)，放射②n.嫩枝，嫩芽③v.射击④v.冲，奔⑤v.射门，投篮⑥v.拍摄3．Iwasabouttoturnonthecameraflash①whenaflash②oflightninglituptheskyandaflash③offrightflashed④acrossmymind.Itwasatthattimethatadriverflashed⑤hislightsatme.①n.闪光灯②n.闪光，闪现③n.(思想、情感等的)突现④v.闪现，突然想到⑤v.(使)闪光，(使)闪耀4．Ourschoolistoconduct①fieldresearchinthesuburbs.Withourmusicteacherconducting②ourschoolband，theschoolsongwillbesungbeforewesetoff.Onthewaytothedestination，weshouldconduct③ourselves.Onarrival，aresearcherwillconduct④usaroundvariouslabs.Forthesakeofsafety，Imustremindyounottotouchelectricapplianceswhichconduct⑤electricity.①v.实施，安排，执行②v.指挥(军队、乐队等)③v.举止，表现④v.引导，带领⑤v.传导(热、电)5．Istayedinthestudytodraft①theschool’sautumnactivityplan，writingdownnotestomakesureeverydetailwascovered.Bydusk，Ifinallyfinishedthefirstdraft②andplaceditonthedesk.Leaningbacktorest，Ifeltacolddraft③blowinthroughthehalf-openwindow，promptingmewrapmyselfinablanket.①v.起草②n.草稿③n.穿堂风课堂精讲精练2Whatscientistsattachgreatimportancetoisthespiritofseekingtruth.Theyalwaysaccountforeverydetailinexperiments，neverignoringanysmallchange.Thisattitudehelpsthemavoidmistakesandmakerealprogress.Afterall，itissuchaspiritthatpusheshumanbeingstoexploretheunknownworld.attachv．系，绑；贴；附；重视，认为……重要(attachedadj.附属于；依恋的attachmentn．附件；连接物；依恋)•attachsthto...把某物连接到/附在……上attachimportance/significance/valueto重视；认为……重要/有意义/有价值(to是介词)•beattachedto被连接到……；爱慕；附属于(1)(申请信)Pleasefindmyapplicationformandrésuméintheattachment(s)(attach)．(2)(续写之情感描写)我是如此依恋我的父母，以至于在登上开往北京的火车之前，我使劲咽了口唾沫，试图抑制我的眼泪。IwassoattachedtomyparentsthatIswallowedhardbeforeboardingthetrainforBeijing，tryingtocontainmytears.(3)(2022•北京，书面表达)我们学生非常重视有关如何提高英语写作的网上交流，所以你能接受我们的邀请给我们一些建议吗？如果你愿意，我将把你连接到一场在线会议。邮件附件是关于这次在线交流的具体信息。WestudentsattachgreatimportancetotheInternet-basedtalkabouthowtoimproveEnglishwriting，socouldyoubekindenoughtoacceptourinvitationtogiveussomeadvice？Ifyouwill，Iwillattachyoutoanonlineconference.Attachedtotheemailisthespecificinformationabouttheonlinetalk.accountn．记述，描述；报道；账户vi.(数量上、比例上)占；是……的原因；解释(accountantn．会计师)•onaccountof由于，因为takeaccountof...(＝oaccount/consideration)考虑到，把……考虑进去onnoaccount决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)•accountfor是……的原因；解释；(数量上、比例上)占(1)(2022•全国乙，书面表达)相比之下，阅读英语书籍和浏览英语学习网站的学生要比上述的学生少得多，分别仅占18%和12%。Incontrast，studentswhoreadEnglishbooksandbrowseEnglishlearningwebsitesaremuchfewerthanthosementionedabove，onlyaccountingfor18%and12%separately.(2)(2025•全国一，读后续写)那天我决不该把自己的顾虑看得比哥哥的感受更重要。OnnoaccountshouldIhaveprioritizedmyworriesovermybrother’sfeelingsthatday.(3)(申请信)由于我之前的教学经验，我可以帮您很好地管理班级。如果您能考虑到我的申请，我会不胜感激。Onaccountofmypreviousteachingexperience，Icanhelpyoumanagetheclassinanextraordinaryway.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldtakemyapplicationintoaccount/consideration.用法点拨表示“决不”的短语还有innocase，atnotime，innosense，innoway，bynomeans，onnocondition，undernocircumstances，onnooccasion等。what引导的主语从句Butwhatremainsimportantisthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate，andthat’stherealspiritofinvention.不过有一点依旧重要，就是我们对思考与创造有着一种极度的渴望，而这正是真正的发明精神。•what在此句中引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。•what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当句子成分(主要作主语、表语和宾语)，可以译成多种意思：……的东西或事情；……的人或样子；……的数量或数目；……的时间；……的地方。(1)(2025•全国一，读后续写)那一刻，我明白了重要的不是谁对谁错，而是我们能做些什么来修复这段已然破裂的关系。Atthatmoment，Iunderstoodthatwhatmatteredwasnotwhowasrightorwrong，butwhatwecoulddotohealthebondthathadbeenbroken.(2)当我们看到一座新体育场建在曾经的荒地上时，我们的激动之情难以形容，我们只是任由泪水顺着脸颊流下来。Whenwesawanewstadiumbuiltonwhatusedtobeawasteland，ourthrillwasbeyonddescriptionandwejustlettearsstreamdownourcheeks.(3)(续写之片段描写)他们既沮丧又担心，不知道什么可以使他们忧郁的爱犬高兴起来。似乎过了一个世纪的时间，他们终于想出了一个好主意——买下另一只小狗。有了一个新的玩伴，他们的狗不再是过去的样子了。他们都欣慰地笑了。Upsetandconcerned，theydidn’tknowwhatcouldcheeruptheirgloomybelovedpetdog.Afterwhatseemedlikeacentury，agoodideaoccurredtothem—buyinganotherpuppy.Havinganewplaymate，theirdogwasn’twhatitusedtobe.Theyallsmiledinrelief.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇1．Intermsofachievinglong-termgoals，perseveranceprovesmorevaluablethannaturaltalent.2．Technologicaltrendschangeinaflash，socompaniesmustmakefurtherplanstostayahead.3．Inaddition，themajorproblemswhichshouldbepaidattentiontoarediscussed.4．Manyavolunteerdonates(donate)moneytotheinstitutionsetuptohelppeoplewithcancer.5．Theywillaskyoutosignadeclaration(declare)allowingyourdoctortodiscloseyourmedicaldetails.6．Shepressedherforeheadto/againstthecoldwindowandlookedacrossthedarkeningfields.7．Toeveryone’srelief，thecriminalwasshot(shoot)deadthenandtherebythepoliceman.8．Pleasechecktheattached(attach)certificatefordetailsofthetrainingcompletion.9．Inreality，asaresultofashortageoffunds，wearenotcapableofcontinuingourproject.10．Onlyaminority(minor)ofapplicantsmanagedtoobtainthespecialqualification.Nowadays，manycapablepeopledesire1.toinvent(invent)stuffthatcanmakepeople’slife2.easier(easy)thanbefore,3.whichissignificant.Forinstance，withgoodideas4.flashing(flash)acrosstheirminds，manybrilliant5.housewives(housewife)studytheproceduresofinventingnewproductsandsparenoefforttoapplytheory6.topractice.Theymakeabatteryofextraordinaryminorinventions，whichisaproof7.thateveryonecanmake8.adifferencetoourlifebeyondourexpectations.Somefailmanytimes，buttheyneversaynever.Theyconductscientificexperimentsoverandoveragainuntilthey’re9.entirely(entire)satisfiedwithaccurateresults.Inaddition，theyattachimportancetodetermination，which10.accounts(account)fortheirsuccess.(2024·天津3月改编假设你是晨光中学的学生李津，一位外国游客近日在网站上发布短视频，赞叹科技在中国人购物、出行、学习等方面的广泛应用，一名网友Chris在评论区询问是否属实，请你对此评论写一封信进行回复：1对视频反映的情况予以肯定；2介绍科技在你的生活中的应用；3邀请外国友人过来亲身体验。完成句子1．得知你渴望了解科技对中国人生活的影响，我写信是想告诉你一些相关的事情。(desire；现在分词短语作状语)LearningthatyoudesiretolearnabouttheimpactoftechnologyonthelivesofChinesepeople，Iamwritingtoinformyouofsomethingrelevant.2．我可以自信地保证，你最近在视频中看到的确实反映了现实。(what引导主语从句)Icanconfidentlyguaranteethatwhatyouhaverecentlyseeninthevideotrulyreflectsthereality.3．科技在购物、交通和教育方面的应用对中国人来说意义重大。(significance)Theapplicationoftechnologyinshopping，transportation，andeducationisofgreatsignificancetotheChinese.4．我们可以用手机支付来使购物更加方便和高效，并且城市交通拥堵问题也因智能交通系统而得到缓解。(account)Wecanpaybymobilephonestomakeshoppingmoreconvenientandefficient，andurbantrafficissueshavebeenrelievedonaccountofsmarttransportationsystems.5．我确实发现我的生活被科技极大地改变了。(强调谓语动词；find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)Idofindmylifesignificantlychangedbytechnology.组句成篇把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。参考范文DearChris，LearningthatyoudesiretolearnabouttheimpactoftechnologyonthelivesofChinesepeople，Iamwritingtoinformyouofsomethingrelevant.Icanconfidentlyguaranteethatwhatyouhaverecentlyseeninthevideotrulyreflectsthereality.Forexample，theapplicationoftechnologyinshopping，transportation，andeducationisofgreatsignificancetotheChinese.Nowadays，wecanpaybymobilephonestomakeshoppingmoreconvenientandefficient，andurbantrafficissueshavebeenrelievedonaccountofsmarttransportationsystems.Idofindmylifesignificantlychangedbytechnology.Forinstance，mysmartphoneletsmehandletasksandstayconnectedanytime，anywhere，andsmarthomedevicesmakedailylifemoreconvenientandeasier.Isincerelyinviteyoutoexperiencetheseconvenienttechapplicationsfirst-handinChina.Lookingforwardtoyourvisit!Yours，LiJin语料积累情感细节描写：惊讶(二)词块gaspinastonishment惊讶地倒吸一口气atoneofsurprise/asurprisedtone/voice惊讶的语气/声音giveacryofsurprise吃惊地喊出声来toosurprised/astonishedtoutteraword/bespeechlesswithshock惊讶得说不出话来freeze/standstill/stopdead/benumbwithshock呆住shakeone’sheadindisbelief难以置信地摇头gapeat张口结舌地看，目瞪口呆地凝视one’sjawdrops张口结舌句型Everyonegaspedinastonishmentasthecarcamearoundthelastbend.汽车驶过最后一个弯道时，每个人都惊讶地倒吸一口气。Confusedandastonished，hegapedatthewall.(形容词短语作状语)他既困惑又惊讶，目瞪口呆地望着墙壁。Afterwhatseemedlikealongtime，herecoveredfromshock.似乎过了很长一段时间，他才从震惊中恢复过来。Despairseizedhimatthethoughtofhisfailureintheexam.(无灵主语句)一想到考试的失败，他就万念俱灰。语料运用追求科学BrilliantJeremydesiredtogoonhis6thgradefieldtripattheNationalGeologicalPark，butunluckilyhefellill，tearsofdisappointmentstreamingdownhischeeks.①Despairseizedhimatthethoughtofmissingthefieldtrip(无灵主语)．Hewaspressedtotakemedicineandfellasleepsoon.Whenheawoke，hisfatheraskedhimtomeetProfessorHelfand，whowouldallowhimtovisithisobservatory.②Confusedandastonished，hegapedattheprofessor(形容词短语作状语)．③Afterwhatseemedlikealongtime，herecoveredfromshock，withasmileflashingacrosshisface.Whenseeingmanybigbrightstars，hefrozethere，andthen④gaveacryofsurprise.Whentheprofessorinvitedhimtojoinhisteam，he⑤wastooastonishedtoutterawordandhejustkeptnoddinghisheadindisbelief.聪明的杰里米渴望去国家地质公园进行他的六年级的实地考察，但不幸的是他病了，失望的泪水顺着他的脸颊流下来。一想到要错过这次实地考察，他就感到绝望。他被迫吃药，然后很快就睡着了。当他醒来时，他的父亲让他去见赫尔方教授，赫尔方教授允许他参观他的天文台。他既困惑又惊讶，目瞪口呆地望着教授。似乎过了很长一段时间，他才从震惊中恢复过来，脸上闪过一丝微笑。看到许多又大又亮的星星，他愣住了，接着吃惊地叫了一声。当教授邀请他加入他的团队时，他惊讶得一句话也说不出来，只是难以置信地不停点着头。单元主题组合练(分值：62.5分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)A(2026·湖南益阳期末)Haveyoueverjoyouslysteppedouttoyourbackyardgarden，freshlybrewedcoffeeinhand，onlytofindyourcared-forplantsandherbswilted(枯萎的)anddying?Wasthesoiltoodry?Didpestsfindtheirwayin?Duringtimeslikethese，somefrustratedgardenersmaywishtheirfickleficus(榕树)wouldjusttellthemwhatitneeds.AnewMicrosoft-partneredprojectintheUKistryingtoseeifthatconceptcanbedemonstratedinthereal-world.Nextyear，theRoyalHorticulturalSocietyinEnglandwillshowoffan“intelligentgarden”thatusesanAImodeltomonitorthegarden’senvironmentandinformgardenerswhenitneedscare.VisitorscanasktheAI-poweredgardenquestions.Themodelcouldthenrespondwithphraseslike“Ineedabitmorewater，”or“Icoulduseahaircut”dependingondatacapturedinthesoil.ThetechnicalcomponentsofthegardenaretheproductofapartnershipbetweenAIstart-upAvanadeandMicrosoft.Thegardenreliesonanetworkofsensorsnestledthroughoutthegardenmeasuringenvironmentalfactorslikesoilmoisture，alkalinity(碱度)，andnutrientlevelsaswellaswindandprojectedrainfall.AllofthatdataisthensenttoaspeciallydesignedAImodelatthebackofthegarden.Themodel，poweredbyMicrosoft’sAzureOpenAIService，canthenanalyzethosefactorsandinformgardenersonbestfeeding，watering，ortrimming.Intheory，insightsprovidedbymodelslikethisonecouldhelpgardenersallocateresourcesefficientlyandavoidover-wateringplantsbeforerainfall，bothofwhichcanaidin①sustainabilityefforts.Thosetoolscouldbeawelcomeconvenienceforcasualgrowersorbusinesseslookingtoreducecosts.It’sunclear，however，whethereventhebestmodelscanaccountforsomething②abnormalandindividualplanttendencieswiththesamelevelofcareasexperiencedgardeners.SeveralcurrentlyavailableappsalsouseAItohelpgardenersidentifyunknownplantsbycomparingaphotoofthemagainstalargeonlinedatabase.Butaspastreportinghasshown，simplytrustinganAItotellyouwhetheraplantorfungiofunknownoriginissafetoeatisn’twise，andcouldhavedangerousresults.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述英国皇家园艺学会将展示一个“智能花园”，该花园利用人工智能模型监测环境并在植物需要照顾时通知园丁。1．WhatwillAIbeusedtodoingardeningaccordingtothetext?A．Lookaftertheplantsinplaceofgardeners.B．Helpthegardenersinteractwiththeplants.C．Improvetheconditionofsoilinthegarden.D．Designtheenvironment-friendlygardens.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段可知，英国皇家园艺学会将展示一个使用人工智能模型监测花园环境并在需要时通知园丁的“智能花园”，游客还可以向这个由人工智能驱动的花园提问。因此，人工智能在园艺中将被用来帮助园丁与植物互动。故选B。2．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Howtheintelligentgardenworks.B．Whytheintelligentgardenispopular.C．Howtheintelligentgardenwasinvented.D．Whatadvantagestheintelligentgardenhas.答案A解析段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段主要介绍了智能花园的技术依靠遍布花园的传感器网络测量环境因素，并将所有这些数据发送到花园后部的一个专门设计的人工智能模型，该模型由微软的Azure提供支持，可以分析这些因素，并向园丁提供最佳施肥、浇水和修剪的建议。因此，本段主要讲述的是智能花园的工作原理。故选A。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“insights”meaninparagraph4?A．Experience. B．Data.C．Methods. D．Tests.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据第三段内容以及画线词后的内容“providedbymodelslikethisonecouldhelpgardenersallocateresourcesefficientlyandavoidover-wateringplantsbeforerainfall”可知，花园依靠遍布花园的传感器网络来测量环境因素，然后，所有这些数据被发送到花园后面一个特别设计的人工智能模型；园丁高效地分配资源，避免在降雨前过度浇水，实现这两者的条件是该模型所提供的相关信息。由此可知，画线词意思与B选项意思相近。故选B。4．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardAI’suseingardening?A．Unclear. B．Approving.C．Objective. D．Negative.答案C解析观点态度题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，作者既提到了人工智能在园艺方面的积极作用，如帮助园丁高效地分配资源和避免在降雨前过度浇水，也指出了其局限性，即使是最好的模型也不一定能像经验丰富的园丁那样照顾到异常情况和个体植物的习性。因此，作者对人工智能在园艺方面的使用持客观态度。故选C。语境猜词①sustainability(派)＝sustainab(le)＋ilityn．可持续性②abnormal(派)＝ab＋normaladj.反常的B(2026·河南郑州模拟预测)Clothingmadefromartificialmaterials，suchaspolyester(聚酯纤维)，hasmanypositiveadvantages.Itischeaptoproduce，lastsforalongtime，andiscomfortabletowear.However，thematerialhasonemajordisadvantage.Thetinylint(纤维屑)fromthematerialduringeachlaundrycycleisabig①contributortoplasticpollution.Now，somescientistsfromLithuaniahavefoundawaytorecyclethewasteintocleanenergy.TheresearchersbeganbycollectinglintfromdryersacrossKTU’s(KaunasUniversityofTechnology)dormitories.Theythenusedatechniquecalledpyrolysis(高温分解)totransformthelintwasteintousefulenergy.Theprocessinvolvesheatingthelintwithoutoxygen.Thiscausesthemicrofiberstoturninto②burnablegasesandashes.Theteam，ledbyDrSamyYousef，aseniorresearcheratKTU，publishedtheirfindingsinthejournalScienceoftheTotalEnvironment，showingthattheywereabletogetthreeenergyproducts—oil，gas，andcharcoal—fromthelint.Moreimportantly，about70percentofthewastewasturnedintoenergy.Mathematicalmodelsdonebytheresearchersindicatethat45tonsofmicrofibers—theamountgeneratedbyjustonemillionpeopleannually—couldproduce13.8tonsofoil,21.5tonsofgas，and9.7tonsofcharcoal，andresultinanoverallprofitofabout$120,000.DrYousefhaseventhoughtofacreativewaytogatherthehouseholdwaste.Theresearchersays，“Ibelievethatthecollectionsystem，similartodeposit-returnfordrinkcontainers，couldbedevelopedbasedonourresearch.Ahouseholdwouldbringthelintmicrofibertoacollectionpointandreceivesomekindofrewardforit.”Thoughthetechnologyisencouraging，itwilltaketimeto③perfectanduseonalargescale.Whilewecannotstopdoinglaundry，therearesomeeasywaystoreduceourenvironmentalimpact.Washingthoseclotheslessfrequently，doingfullloads，andlinedryingthemallhelpreducethepollution.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们利用高温分解技术将纤维屑回收利用转化为清洁能源的新成果。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inparagraph2mean?A．Thelint. B．Oxygen.C．Theprocess. D．Energy.答案C解析代词指代题。根据语法常识可知，指示代词“this”一般指代前文提及的某事或某物，因此结合前文“Theprocessinvolvesheatingthelintwithoutoxygen.”提及了“一个(加工)过程”，同时结合“This”所在句的内容“...causesthemicrofiberstoturnintoburnablegasesandashes.”可推知，应是在这个过程中，纤维屑发生了变化。由此推知，“This”指代前一句中的“Theprocess”。故选C项。6．Whydoesthewriterprovidesomanydatainparagraph3?A．Tourgeimmediateuseoftheirfindings.B．Toshowthepotentialofthetechnology.C．Toprovetheseriousnessoflintwaste.D．Topresenttheflexibilityofpyrolysis.答案B解析推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Moreimportantly，about70percentofthewastewasturnedintoenergy.Mathematicalmodelsdonebytheresearchersindicatethat45tonsofmicrofibers—theamountgeneratedbyjustonemillionpeopleannually—couldproduce13.8tonsofoil,21.5tonsofgas，and9.7tonsofcharcoal，andresultinanoverallprofitofabout$120,000.”可知，作者提供这些数据是为了展示高温分解技术具有相当大的潜力。故选B项。7．Whyisthe“deposit-returnfordrinkcontainers”mentionedinthepassage?A．Toexplainarule.B．Tomakeaconclusion.C．Tomakeaprediction.D．Toclarifyanapproach.答案D解析推理判断题。分析语境可知，“similartodeposit-returnfordrinkcontainers”是对“thecollectionsystem”，即前文“DrYousefhaseventhoughtofacreativewaytogatherthehouseholdwaste.”提到的创造性方法的类比说明。结合常识可知，人们对于饮料容器押金退还的方法很熟悉，这样，就能够容易理解这种创造性收集家庭纤维垃圾的方法。由此可推知，文中提到“deposit-returnfordrinkcontainers”是为了阐明一种方法。故选D项。8．Whatcanbeasuit