2026年黑龙江省苏教版初中英语八年级上册第4章语法专项训练习题

2026年黑龙江省苏教版初中英语八年级上册第4章语法专项训练习题一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1.ThenewEnglishteacheroftenasksus______Englishstoriesinclasstoimproveourspeakingskills.A.toreadB.readC.readingD.toberead【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词ask后常跟不定式作宾语补足语，表示请求或建议，此处意为“经常要求我们读英语故事”，故选A。B项为动词原形，C项为动名词，D项为被动不定式，均不符合语法结构。干扰项B和C通过动词形式干扰，D项通过被动语态干扰，需结合ask的固定用法判断。2.Mysister______tothesupermarketthismorning,butshedidn'tbuyanythingbecausesheforgotherwallet.A.goesB.wentC.hasgoneD.hadgone【答案】B【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语thismorning（今天早上）和but后的结果（没买任何东西），表示过去发生的动作且与现在结果相关，应使用一般过去时，故选B。A项为一般现在时，C项为现在完成时，D项为过去完成时，均与语境不符。干扰项A通过一般现在时干扰，C和D通过完成时态干扰，需结合时间状语和逻辑关系判断。3.IfI______moretime,Iwouldhelpyoufinishtheprojectearlier.A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhave【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。主句使用would加动词原形，从句需用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的假设，故选B。A项为一般现在时，C项为一般将来时，D项为虚拟语气过去时，均不符合从句要求。干扰项A通过一般现在时干扰，C和D通过将来时态干扰，需结合虚拟语气规则判断。4.______youfinishyourhomework,______youcanwatchTV.A.Assoonas;thenB.Until;andC.Because;soD.Though;but【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句。句意为“一完成作业就可以看电视”，表示时间先后关系，需用assoonas引导，故选A。B项until表示“直到”，C项because表示“因为”，D项though表示“虽然”，均不符合逻辑关系。干扰项B通过时间状语混淆干扰，C和D通过因果关系和转折关系干扰，需结合句意判断。5.Theboywho______inthecornerismyneighbor.A.sitsB.issittingC.satD.hassat【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。定语从句修饰先行词boy，且从句动作与主句动作同时发生，需用现在分词表示主动和进行，故选B。A项为一般现在时，C项为一般过去时，D项为现在完成时，均不符合从句结构。干扰项A通过一般现在时干扰，C和D通过过去时和完成时干扰，需结合从句逻辑关系判断。6.Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher______satisfiedwiththeexamresults.A.isB.areC.wasD.were【答案】A【解析】考查主谓一致。neither...nor...连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近的主语保持一致，此处靠近teacher（单数），故用is，故选A。B项为复数形式，C项为单数过去时，D项为复数过去时，均不符合语法规则。干扰项B通过复数形式干扰，C和D通过时态干扰，需结合主谓一致规则判断。7.It'simportantforus______Englishwellbecauseit'susefulforourfuture.A.tolearnB.learnC.tobelearningD.beinglearned【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。介词for后常跟不定式作宾语，表示目的或重要性，此处意为“学好英语很重要”，故选A。B项为动词原形，C项为动名词进行时，D项为被动动名词，均不符合介词for的用法。干扰项B通过动词原形干扰，C和D通过进行时和被动语态干扰，需结合介词用法判断。8.Thebook______Iborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。先行词book是物，关系代词在从句中作主语，需用that，故选B。A项which在从句中作主语或宾语，C项who指人，D项whom指人作宾语，均不符合语法结构。干扰项A通过关系代词作宾语干扰，C和D通过指代对象干扰，需结合先行词和关系代词用法判断。9.Ifyou______morecarefully,youwouldn'thavemadesuchamistake.A.workB.workedC.willworkD.hadworked【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。主句使用would加动词原形，从句需用一般过去时表示与过去事实相反的假设，故选B。A项为一般现在时，C项为一般将来时，D项为虚拟语气过去完成时，均不符合从句要求。干扰项A通过一般现在时干扰，C和D通过将来时态和过去完成时干扰，需结合虚拟语气规则判断。10.Theteacheraskedthestudents______theyhadfinishedtheirhomework.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.what【答案】B【解析】考查宾语从句。ask后常跟宾语从句，表示疑问，需用if或whether引导，且从句用陈述语序，故选B。A和C均可引导宾语从句，但whether更常用于否定句或疑问句，D项what引导名词性从句，均不符合语境。干扰项A通过if的通用性干扰，C和D通过that和what的从句类型干扰，需结合ask的宾语从句用法判断。二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）1.Thegirl______issittingnexttomeismybestfriend.______sheisveryshy,shealwayshelpsothers.【答案】who;Although【解析】第一空考查定语从句。先行词girl是物，关系代词在从句中作主语，用who，故填who。第二空考查让步状语从句。句意为“虽然她很害羞，但她总是帮助别人”，表示转折关系，用although，故填Although。干扰项在第一空可能使用that（指物但作主语需用which），第二空可能使用but（表示并列）或because（表示因果），需结合从句逻辑关系判断。2.IfI______you,Iwouldcallhimimmediatelytoapologize.______Idon'thavehisphonenumber,Ican'treachhim.【答案】were;However【解析】第一空考查虚拟语气。主句使用would加动词原形，从句需用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的假设，故填were。第二空考查转折关系。句意为“但是我没有他的电话号码，联系不上他”，表示转折关系，用however，故填However。干扰项在第一空可能使用am（真实条件句），第二空可能使用and（表示并列）或so（表示因果），需结合虚拟语气和逻辑关系判断。3.Theman______Ispoketolastnightisafamouswriter.______heisverybusy,hestillfindstimetohelpyoungwriters.【答案】whom;Although【解析】第一空考查定语从句。先行词man是物，关系代词在从句中作宾语，用whom，故填whom。第二空考查让步状语从句。句意为“虽然他很忙，但他仍然抽出时间帮助年轻作家”，表示转折关系，用although，故填Although。干扰项在第一空可能使用that（指物但作宾语需用which），第二空可能使用but（表示并列）或because（表示因果），需结合从句逻辑关系判断。4.Thebook______Iborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting.______Ifinisheditquickly,Ididn'ttakegoodnotes.【答案】which;Although【解析】第一空考查定语从句。先行词book是物，关系代词在从句中作主语，用which，故填which。第二空考查让步状语从句。句意为“虽然我很快就读完了，但我没有做好笔记”，表示转折关系，用although，故填Although。干扰项在第一空可能使用that（指物但作主语需用which），第二空可能使用but（表示并列）或because（表示因果），需结合从句逻辑关系判断。5.Ifyou______morecarefully,youwouldn'thavemadesuchamistake.______Itriedmybest,Istillfailedtheexam.【答案】worked;Although【解析】第一空考查虚拟语气。主句使用would加动词原形，从句需用一般过去时表示与过去事实相反的假设，故填worked。第二空考查让步状语从句。句意为“虽然我尽力了，但我还是没通过考试”，表示转折关系，用although，故填Although。干扰项在第一空可能使用am（真实条件句），第二空可能使用but（表示并列）或because（表示因果），需结合虚拟语气和逻辑关系判断。三、判断题（每题2分，共20分）1.Theboywhoissittinginthecornerismyneighbor.【答案】×【解析】考查主谓一致。定语从句修饰先行词boy（单数），谓语动词应与先行词保持一致，此处应使用is，而非are。错误点在于主谓不一致，需改为"Theboywhoissittinginthecornerismyneighbor."2.IfIhadmoretime,Iwouldhelpyoufinishtheprojectearlier.【答案】×【解析】考查虚拟语气。主句使用would加动词原形，从句需用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的假设，此处应使用had，而非have。错误点在于从句时态错误，需改为"IfIhadmoretime,Iwouldhelpyoufinishtheprojectearlier."3.Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherissatisfiedwiththeexamresults.【答案】×【解析】考查主谓一致。neither...nor...连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近的主语保持一致，此处靠近teacher（单数），故应使用is，而非are。错误点在于主谓不一致，需改为"Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherissatisfiedwiththeexamresults."4.ThebookthatIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting.【答案】√【解析】考查定语从句。先行词book是物，关系代词在从句中作主语，用that，符合语法规则。句意为“我借自图书馆的书很有趣”，表述正确。5.Theteacheraskedthestudentsiftheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.【答案】√【解析】考查宾语从句。ask后常跟宾语从句，表示疑问，需用if或whether引导，且从句用陈述语序，符合语法规则。句意为“老师问学生们是否完成了作业”，表述正确。6.Thegirlwhositsnexttomeismybestfriend.【答案】√【解析】考查定语从句。先行词girl是物，关系代词在从句中作主语，用who，符合语法规则。句意为“坐在我旁边的女孩是我的好朋友”，表述正确。7.Ifyouworkmorecarefully,youwouldn'thavemadesuchamistake.【答案】×【解析】考查虚拟语气。主句使用would加动词原形，从句需用一般过去时表示与过去事实相反的假设，此处应使用worked，而非work。错误点在于从句时态错误，需改为"Ifyouworkedmorecarefully,youwouldn'thavemadesuchamistake."8.ThemanwhomIspoketolastnightisafamouswriter.【答案】√【解析】考查定语从句。先行词man是物，关系代词在从句中作宾语，用whom，符合语法规则。句意为“我昨晚与之交谈的男人是一位著名作家”，表述正确。9.ThebookwhichIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting.【答案】√【解析】考查定语从句。先行词book是物，关系代词在从句中作主语，用which，符合语法规则。句意为“我借自图书馆的书很有趣”，表述正确。10.Theteacheraskedthestudentswhethertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.【答案】√【解析】考查宾语从句。ask后常跟宾语从句，表示疑问，需用if或whether引导，且从句用陈述语序，符合语法规则。句意为“老师问学生们是否完成了作业”，表述正确。四、简答题（每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"asksomeonetodosomething"and"asksomeoneif/whethertheydosomething."【参考答案】"Asksomeonetodosomething"meanstorequestorcommandsomeonetoperformanaction,usinganinfinitive(to+verb).Forexample,"Theteacheraskedustoreadthebook."Here,theactionofreadingisrequested."Asksomeoneif/whethertheydosomething"meanstoinquireaboutasituationorcondition,usingaquestionword(if/whether)+subject+verb.Forexample,"Theteacheraskedusifwehadreadthebook."Here,theteacherischeckingwhethertheactionhasbeencompleted.Thekeydifferenceisthatthefirststructureisforrequestingaction,whilethesecondisforinquiringaboutasituation.2.Whydoweuse"which"insteadof"that"in"ThebookwhichIborrowedisinteresting"?【参考答案】InEnglish,"which"istypicallyusedastherelativepronounwhenreferringtoinanimateobjects(things),while"that"canrefertobothanimateobjects(people)andinanimateobjects.Inthesentence"ThebookwhichIborrowedisinteresting,"the先行词bookisaninanimateobject,so"which"isthecorrectchoice.Using"that"inthiscontextwouldbelesscommonandsometimesconsideredincorrectinformalwriting.Forexample,"ThebookthatIborrowedisinteresting"isalsogrammaticallyacceptable,but"which"ismoreidiomaticforinanimateobjects.3.Howdoesthestructure"IfIwereyou"differfrom"IfIwereinyourshoes"?【参考答案】"IfIwereyou"isacommonexpressionusedtoofferadviceorimagineoneselfinsomeoneelse'sposition,emphasizingempathyorunderstanding.Forexample,"IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyharder.""IfIwereinyourshoes"issimilarbutoftenusedinmoreformalorseriouscontextstoemphasizetakingonsomeoneelse'sresponsibilitiesorsituation.Forexample,"IfIwereinyourshoes,Iwouldhandletheproblemdifferently."Thedifferenceliesinthelevelofformalityandtheemphasisonresponsibilityorsituation."Inyourshoes"isslightlymoreformalandemphasizesthepracticalaspectsofthesituation.4.Whatisthefunctionof"although"inasentence?【参考答案】"Although"isaconjunctionusedtointroduceasubordinateclausethatcontrastswiththemainclause,indicatingacontrastorconcession.Itmeans"eventhough"or"though."Forexample,"Althoughitwasraining,wewentforawalk."Here,althoughintroducesthecontrastthatitwasraining,butthemainaction(walking)stillhappened.Thekeyfunctionistoshowthatthesecondclausepresentsasurprisingorunexpectedcontrasttothefirstclause,despitethefactmentionedinthesecondclause.5.Whydoweusethepresentperfecttensein"IfIhavefinishedmyhomework,Iwillgoout"?【参考答案】Inthissentence,thepresentperfecttense("havefinished")isusedinthe"if"clausetorefertoanactionthatmayhavehappenedatanunspecifiedtimebeforethepresent,ortoemphasizethepossibilityofthecondition.Thesentencemeans"IfIhavefinishedmyhomework(perhapsbynow),Iwillgoout."Thepresentperfectisusedheretoindicatethatthecompletionofhomeworkisapossibilitythathasnotyetbeenconfirmedbutisbeingconsidered.Iftheactionweredefinite,thesimplepast("finished")wouldbeused.Forexample,"IfIfinishedmyhomeworkyesterday,Iwouldgoout."6.Howdoes"neither...nor..."differfrom"either...or..."intermsofsubject-verbagreement?【参考答案】"Neither...nor..."and"either...or..."arecorrelativepairsthatconnecttwosubjects,andtheverbagreementdependsonthesubjectclosertoit.-"Neither...nor..."takestheverbformofthesubjectclosertoit.Forexample,"Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherislate."Here,theteacheriscloser,sothesingularverb"is"isused.-"Either...or..."alsotakestheverbformofthesubjectclosertoit.Forexample,"Eitherthestudentsortheteacherislate."Here,theteacheriscloser,sothesingularverb"is"isused.Thekeydifferenceisthat"neither...nor..."oftenintroducesanegativeorrestrictivecontext,while"either...or..."introducesachoiceoralternative.Bothfollowthesamesubject-verbagreementrulebasedonproximity.7.Whatisthemeaningof"tobeabouttodosomething"?【参考答案】"Tobeabouttodosomething"isastructureusedtoexpressanactionthatwillhappenverysoonorintheimmediatefuture.Itemphasizesthenearnessoftheaction.Forexample,"Thetrainisabouttoleave."Here,thetrainwillleaveverysoon.Thestructureisformedwiththeverb"tobe"+"aboutto"+baseformoftheverb.Itismoreemphaticthan"will"or"goingto,"asithighlightstheimmediacyoftheaction.8.Whydoweuse"who"insteadof"that"in"Thegirlwhositsnexttomeismybestfriend"?【参考答案】InEnglish,"who"istypicallyusedastherelativepronounwhenreferringtopeople,while"that"canrefertobothpeopleandinanimateobjects.Inthesentence"Thegirlwhositsnexttomeismybestfriend,"the先行词girlisaperson,so"who"isthecorrectchoice.Using"that"inthiscontextwouldbelessnaturalandsometimesconsideredincorrectwhenreferringtopeople.Forexample,"Thegirlthatsitsnexttomeismybestfriend"isgrammaticallyacceptablebutlesscommoninformalwritingwhenreferringtopeople."Who"ismoreidiomaticforhumanbeings.五、应用题（每题4分，共24分）1.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingaproperrelativeclause:"Thebookisinteresting.Iborroweditfromthelibrary."【参考答案】"Thebookwhich/thatIborrowedfromthelibraryisinteresting."【解析】考查定语从句。将两个简单句合并为一个复合句，使用关系代词which或that引导定语从句，修饰先行词book。which和that在此处均可，但which更常用。从句中I是主语，borrowed是谓语，fromthelibrary是地点状语，isinteresting是系动词，符合语法结构。2.Completethefollowingsentencewithaproperconditionalclause:"IfI______moretime,Iwouldhelpyoufinishtheprojectearlier."【参考答案】"IfIhadmoretime,Iwouldhelpyoufinishtheprojectearlier."【解析】考查虚拟语气。主句使用would加动词原形，表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句需用一般过去时，表示与现在事实相反的条件，故填had。从句中I是主语，had是助动词，moretime是宾语，符合虚拟语气规则。3.Transformthefollowingsentenceintoapassivevoice:"Theteacheraskedthestudentsiftheyhadfinishedtheirhomework."【参考答案】"Wasthehomeworkfinishedbythestudents?"【解析】考查被动语态。将主动句转换为被动句，需将宾语homework提前作主语，主语students变为by短语，谓语hadfinished变为wasfinished，时间状语finishedbythestudents，符合被动语态结构。4.Completethefollowingsentencewithaproperconjunction:"AlthoughI______tired,Istillcontinuedworking."【参考答案】"AlthoughIwastired,Istillcontinuedworking."【解析】考查让步状语从句。although引导让步状语从句，表示转折关系，从句中I是主语，wastired是系动词，符合让步状语从句结构。主句中I是主语，continued是谓语，working是宾语补足语，符合语法结构。5.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingapropernon-finiteverb:"Theteacheraskedus______tothelibrary."【参考答案】"Theteacheraskedustogotothelibrary."【解析】考查非谓语动词。ask后常跟不定式作宾语补足语，表示请求或建议，此处意为“老师要求我们去图书馆”，故填togo。从句中us是宾语，togo是不定式，tothelibrary是地点状语，符合非谓语动词结构。6.Completethefollowingsentencewithaproperrelativepronoun:"Theman______Ispoketolastnightisafamouswriter."【参考答案】"Themanwhom/whoIspoketolastnightisafamouswriter."【解析】考查定语从句。先行词man是物，关系代词在从句中作宾语，用whom；若作主语可用who，但whom更正式。从句中I是主语，spoketo是谓语，lastnight是时间状语，isafamouswriter是系动词，符合语法结构。【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.A2.B3.B4.A5.B6.A7.A8.B9.B10.B二、填空题1.who;Although2.were;However3.whom;Although4.which;Although5.worked;Although三、判断题1.×2.×3.×4.√5.√2.√7.×8.√9.√10.√四、简答题1."Asksomeonetodosomething"meanstorequestorcommandsomeonetoperformanaction,usinganinfinitive(to+verb).Forexample,"Theteacheraskedustoreadthebook."Here,theactionofreadingisrequested."Asksomeoneif/whethertheydosomething"meanstoinquireaboutasituationorcondition,usingaquestionword(if/whether)+subject+verb.Forexample,"Theteacheraskedusifwehadreadthebook."Here,theteacherischeckingwhethertheactionhasbeencompleted.Thekeydifferenceisthatthefirststructureisforrequestingaction,whilethesecondisforinquiringaboutasituation.2.InEnglish,"which"istypicallyusedastherelativepronounwhenreferringtoinanimateobjects(things),while"that"canrefertobothanimateobjects(people)andinanimateobjects.Inthesentence"ThebookwhichIborrowedisinteresting,"the先行词bookisaninanimateobject,so"which"isthecorrectchoice.Using"that"inthiscontextwouldbelesscommonandsometimesconsideredincorrectinformalwriting.Forexample,"ThebookthatIborrowedisinteresting"isalsogrammaticallyacceptable,but"which"ismoreidiomaticforinanimateobjects.3."IfIwereyou"isacommonexpressionusedtoofferadviceorimagineoneselfinsomeoneelse'sposition,emphasizingempathyorunderstanding.Forexample,"IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyharder.""IfIwereinyourshoes"issimilarbutoftenusedinmoreformalorseriouscontextstoemphasizetakingonsomeoneelse'sresponsibilitiesorsituation.Forexample,"IfIwereinyourshoes,Iwouldhandletheproblemdifferently."Thedifferenceliesinthelevelofformalityandtheemphasisonresponsibilityorsituation."Inyourshoes"isslightlymoreformalandemphasizesthepracticalaspectsofthesituation.4."Although"isaconjunctionusedtointroduceasubordinateclausethatcontrastswiththemainclause,indicatingacontrastorconcession.Itmeans"eventhough"or"though."Forexample,"Althoughitwasraining,wewentforawalk."Here,althoughintroducesthecontrastthatitwasraining,butthemainaction(walking)stillhappened.Thekeyfunctionistoshowthatthesecondclausepresentsasurprisingorunexpectedcontrasttothefirstclause,despitethefactmentionedinthesecondclause.5.Inthissentence,thepresentperfecttense("havefinished")isusedinthe"if"clausetorefertoanactionthatmayhavehappenedatanunspecifiedtimebeforethepresent,ortoemphasizethepossibilityofthecondition.Thesentencemeans"IfIhavefinishedmyhomework(perhapsbynow),Iwillgoout."Thepresentperfectisusedheretoindicatethatthecompletionofhomeworkisapossibilitythathasnotyetbeenconfirmedbutisbeingconsidered.Iftheactionweredefinite,thesimplepast("finished")wouldbeused.Forexample,"IfIfinishedmyhomeworkyesterday,Iwouldgoout."6."Neither...nor..."and"either...or..."arecorrelativepairsthatconnecttwosubjects,andtheverbagreementdependsonthesubjectclosertoit.-"Neither...nor..."takestheverbformofthesubjectclosertoit.Forexample,"Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherislate."Here,theteacheriscloser,sothesingularverb"is"isused.-"Either...or..."alsotakestheverbformofthesubjectclosertoit.Forexample,"Eitherthestudentsortheteacherislate."Here,theteacheriscloser,sothesingularverb"is"isused.Thekeydifferenceisthat"neither...nor..."oftenintroducesanegativeorrestrictivecontext,while"either...or..."introducesachoiceoralternative.Bothfollowthesamesubject-verbagreementrulebasedonproximity.7."Tobeabouttodosomething"isastructureusedtoexpressanactionthatwillhappenverysoonorintheimmediatefuture.Itemphasize