2025-2026年福建省人教版高三英语第3单元阅读理解课时作业

2025-2026年福建省人教版高三英语第3单元阅读理解课时作业一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheprimarypurposeofthearticleabout"EnvironmentalProtection"?A.Topersuadereaderstobuyeco-friendlyproductsimmediately.B.Toexplainthecausesandeffectsofenvironmentalpollution.C.Tointroduceanewlawforindustrialwastedisposal.D.Tocomparedifferentcountries'environmentalpolicies.解析：正确答案为B。文章主要围绕环境污染的成因和后果展开论述，如工业排放、塑料污染等，并分析其对生态系统的长期影响。选项A错误，文章未直接推销产品；选项C错误，未涉及具体法律条文；选项D错误，未进行国别对比。解析需结合文章首段"Environmentalpollutionhasbecomeaglobalcrisis..."及第二段对温室气体排放的分析，说明B选项与原文主旨一致。2.Thepassagementions"renewableenergysources"asasolutiontopollution.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheirroleaccordingtothetext?A.Theyaremoreexpensivethanfossilfuelsbutlessefficient.B.Theycancompletelyreplacetraditionalenergyinfiveyears.C.Theyproduceminimalwastebutrequirelargelandareas.D.Theyareonlyviableindevelopedcountrieswithhightechnology.解析：正确答案为C。文章第三段指出太阳能和风能属于可再生能源，虽需建设大型发电站，但运行时几乎无污染排放。选项A错误，原文未对比成本与效率；选项B错误，文章未给出时间表；选项D错误，发展中国家如中国已在可再生能源领域取得显著进展。解析需引用文中"Renewableenergy,suchassolarandwindpower,..."及后续对土地使用的说明。3.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutplasticwasteinparagraph4?A.Itisthemostdangeroustypeofpollutionbuteasilysolvable.B.Itislessharmfulthanchemicalwastebutpersistslonger.C.Itcanberecycledintonewproductswithoutanyissues.D.Itisprimarilyaproblemincoastalregionsduetotourism.解析：正确答案为B。文章第四段通过数据说明塑料降解周期长达数百年，虽可回收但仍有大量未处理垃圾。选项A错误，原文强调塑料污染难以根除；选项C错误，回收过程存在技术限制；选项D错误，塑料污染遍及陆地和海洋。解析需结合文中"Plasticwastecantakeupto450yearstodecompose..."及对回收率的描述。4.Thephrase"adouble-edgedsword"inthefifthparagraphmostlikelymeans:A.Atoolwithtwosharpedgesforcutting.B.Asituationwithbothpositiveandnegativeeffects.C.Agovernmentpolicythatbenefitsonegroupbutharmsanother.D.Ascientificexperimentwithunpredictableoutcomes.解析：正确答案为B。文章第五段讨论技术进步（如电动汽车）虽减少尾气排放，但制造过程仍需消耗资源。选项C错误，原文未涉及政策问题；选项D错误，未描述实验场景。解析需分析文中"Technologicaladvancements,likeelectricvehicles,areadouble-edgedsword..."及前后句对利弊的并列说明。5.Howdoestheauthororganizetheinformationaboutwaterscarcityinparagraph6?A.Bylistingstatisticswithoutexplainingtheirsignificance.B.Bycomparingurbanandruralwaterusagepatterns.C.Byhighlightingtheroleofagricultureinwaterconsumption.D.Bysuggestingimmediatesolutionslikedesalinationplants.解析：正确答案为C。文章第六段重点分析农业灌溉占全球用水量的70%，并指出其与粮食生产的关系。选项A错误，原文解释了数据如"40%ofglobalfreshwaterisusedforagriculture..."；选项B错误，未对比城乡差异；选项D错误，未推荐具体技术。解析需结合文中对农业用水比例的强调及对粮食安全的关联说明。6.Thepassagesuggeststhatwhichgroupismostresponsibleforreducingcarbonemissions?A.Individualconsumerswhoshouldstopusingcars.B.Governmentsthatmustenforcestrictregulations.C.Corporationsthatshouldinvestingreentechnology.D.Scientistswhoneedtodevelopbetterenergysources.解析：正确答案为C。文章第七段指出大型企业如能源公司对排放量影响最大，呼吁其加大环保投入。选项A错误，原文提倡渐进式改变；选项B错误，未强调政府责任优先；选项D错误，未聚焦科研突破。解析需引用文中"Majorcorporationsareresponsiblefor60%ofcarbonemissions..."及对减排措施的呼吁。7.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthetopicof"EnvironmentalProtection"?A.Indifferent,astheproblemistoolargetosolve.B.Cautious,warningreadersaboutexaggeratedclaims.C.Optimistic,believingtechnologywillsolveallissues.D.Urgent,emphasizingimmediateactionisneeded.解析：正确答案为D。文章结尾段落多次使用"must"和"now"强调行动紧迫性，如"Immediateactionisrequiredtoreverseenvironmentaldamage."选项B错误，文章未质疑科学数据；选项C错误，未过度乐观。解析需分析全文的语气，特别是结论段的强烈呼吁。8.Thepassagementions"sustainabledevelopment"asakeyconcept.Whichofthefollowingbestalignswiththisidea?A.Maximizingeconomicgrowthregardlessofenvironmentalimpact.B.Balancingeconomicgrowthwithenvironmentalconservation.C.Prioritizingindustrialexpansionoverwildlifeprotection.D.Reducingalleconomicactivitiestominimizepollution.解析：正确答案为B。文章第二段定义可持续发展为"meetingpresentneedswithoutcompromisingfuturegenerations"，强调平衡发展。选项A错误，原文批判无节制扩张；选项C错误，未提及野生动物；选项D错误，未主张完全停止经济活动。解析需结合文中对"sustainabledevelopment"的定义及与短期利益的对比。9.Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajorchallengeinreducingplasticpollution?A.Lackofawarenessamongconsumersaboutrecycling.B.Highcostsofplasticalternativesindevelopingcountries.C.Inadequategovernmentpoliciesworldwide.D.Theslowdecompositionrateofplasticproducts.解析：正确答案为D。文章第四段明确指出塑料降解周期长是核心问题，如"Mostplasticwastepersistsinlandfillsforcenturies."选项A错误，原文未分析消费者认知；选项B错误，未对比材料价格；选项C错误，未直接归咎政策。解析需引用文中对塑料化学结构的说明。10.Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingactionswouldmosteffectivelycombatairpollution?A.Buildingmorehighwaystoreducetrafficcongestion.B.Encouragingtheuseofpublictransportationandcycling.C.Increasingthenumberofcoal-firedpowerplants.D.Permittingmoreindustrialfactoriestoexpandproduction.解析：正确答案为B。文章第三段推荐城市推广绿色出行方式，如"Masstransitandcyclingcansignificantlyreduceemissions."选项C错误，原文批判化石燃料；选项D错误，未提及工厂扩张。解析需结合文中对交通排放的分析及替代方案的推荐。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thepassagestatesthat__________accountsfor70%ofglobalfreshwaterusage.2.Accordingtotheauthor,__________isakeyfactorinsolvingplasticpollution.3.Thephrase"adouble-edgedsword"suggeststhat__________.4.Thearticlementionsthat__________istheprimarycauseofwaterscarcityinaridregions.5.Sustainabledevelopmentaimsto__________.6.Thepassagehighlightsthat__________emissionsarethelargestcontributortoclimatechange.7.Theauthorsuggeststhat__________shouldtaketheleadinreducingcarbonfootprints.8.Thearticleimpliesthat__________isamoresustainablealternativetotraditionalpackaging.9.Thepassagementionsthat__________cantakeupto450yearstodecompose.10.Thefinalparagraphemphasizesthat__________isnecessarytopreventfutureenvironmentaldamage.解析：11.农业灌溉（Agriculturalirrigation）12.减少一次性塑料使用（Reducingsingle-useplastics）13.事物具有两面性（Asituationhasbothprosandcons）14.过度农业灌溉（Excessiveagriculturalirrigation）15.满足当代需求而不损害后代利益（Meetingpresentneedswithoutcompromisingfuturegenerations）16.化石燃料（Fossilfuels）17.大型企业（Largecorporations）18.可重复使用的包装（Reusablepackaging）19.塑料垃圾（Plasticwaste）20.立即采取行动（Immediateaction）三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thepassagesupportstheideathatindividualactionshavenoimpactonenvironmentalproblems.2.Accordingtothetext,renewableenergysourcesarecompletelycleanandhavenonegativeeffects.3.Theauthorbelievesthatplasticpollutioncanbesolvedwithinthenextdecade.4.Thearticlesuggeststhatgovernmentsshouldprioritizeeconomicgrowthoverenvironmentalprotection.5.Thephrase"adouble-edgedsword"indicatesthattechnologyisharmfulbutnecessary.6.Thepassagestatesthatwaterscarcityismainlycausedbyindustrialwaterusage.7.Sustainabledevelopmentmeanscompletelyeliminatingalleconomicactivitiesthatharmtheenvironment.8.Theauthorarguesthatcorporationsshouldnotinvestingreentechnologybecauseitistooexpensive.9.Thepassageimpliesthatplasticrecyclingisaperfectsolutiontotheproblem.10.Thefinalparagraphofthearticleisoptimisticaboutthefutureofenvironmentalprotection.解析：11.错误。文章第二段提到"Everysmalleffortcounts..."，肯定个人作用。12.错误。第三段指出太阳能板生产仍需消耗资源。13.错误。第四段强调塑料污染难以在短期内解决。14.错误。第五段呼吁平衡经济发展与环保。15.正确。第五段说明技术进步有利有弊。16.错误。第六段指出农业用水占70%。17.错误。第二段定义可持续发展为平衡而非完全消除。18.错误。第七段呼吁企业加大环保投入。19.错误。第四段指出回收率低且仍有大量未处理垃圾。20.错误。结尾段落强调紧迫性而非乐观态度。四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Whatarethethreemaincausesofenvironmentalpollutionmentionedinthepassage?2.Howdoesthepassagedescribetheproblemofplasticwaste?3.Explaintheconceptof"sustainabledevelopment"aspresentedinthearticle.4.Whatistheauthor'sopinionontheroleoftechnologyinenvironmentalprotection?5.Accordingtothepassage,whyisreducingcarbonemissionsimportant?6.Howdoesthearticlesuggestindividualscancontributetosolvingenvironmentalproblems?7.Whatdoesthephrase"adouble-edgedsword"meaninthecontextofthepassage?8.Whydoestheauthoremphasizetheneedforimmediateactioninenvironmentalprotection?解析：9.工业排放、塑料污染、温室气体排放。解析需结合文章首段对污染源的分类，并说明每项的占比或影响。10.塑料难以降解、回收率低、大量未处理垃圾。解析需引用第四段对塑料化学性质和现状的描述。11.平衡当代需求与后代利益，既发展经济又保护环境。解析需结合第二段对可持续发展定义的引用。12.技术进步有利有弊，需谨慎应用。解析需分析第五段对电动汽车的例子，说明其减排效果与资源消耗的矛盾。13.减少碳排放可减缓气候变化、保护生态系统。解析需引用第三段对温室效应的说明。14.减少一次性用品、选择绿色出行、节约资源。解析需结合全文对个人责任的呼吁，如第二段"Everysmalleffortcounts..."。15.事物具有两面性，如技术进步既帮助减排又消耗资源。解析需解释第五段比喻的内涵。16.环境问题已严重且难以逆转，需立即干预。解析需分析结尾段的紧迫性语气及对现状的描述。五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Supposeyouareahighschoolstudent.Writeashortparagraph(50words)suggestingthreewaysyourschoolcanreduceplasticwaste.2.Imagineyouareajournalist.Writeaheadline(20words)foranarticleabouttheglobalplasticpollutioncrisis.3.Createatable(4rows,3columns)summarizingthemaincausesofairpollutionmentionedinthepassage.4.Writeaone-paragraphletter(60words)toalocalgovernmentofficialdemandingbetterpublictransportation.5.Designaflowchart(text-based,4steps)showinghowtoreducewaterusageathome.6.Explaininashortparagraph(40words)whyrenewableenergysourcesareconsideredsustainable.7.Writeaslogan(15words)promotingsustainabledevelopment.8.Createashortdialogue(30words)betweentwostudentsdiscussinghowtosaveenergyatschool.解析：9.学校可设立塑料回收站、禁止外卖塑料包装、推广可重复使用餐具。解析需结合环保措施的实际操作性。10."PlasticCrisis:MillionsDieAnnuallyfromPollution"（塑料危机：每年数百万人死于污染）11.|原因|占比|影响性||---|---|---||工业排放|60%|高||交通尾气|25%|中||农业燃烧|15%|低|解析需引用第三段对排放源的分析。12."DearMayor,Iurgeyoutoimprovepublictransport.Betterbusesandbikelaneswillreducepollutionandtraffic."13.1.关闭水龙头；2.用淘米水浇花；3.缩短淋浴时间；4.安装节水器具。14.可再生能源如太阳能取之不尽，且不产生污染。解析需结合第三段对资源循环的说明。15."BalanceTodayforTomorrow"（平衡今日，为了明天）16."A:Howcanwesaveenergy?B:TurnofflightsandusefansinsteadofAC."【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.B2.C3.B4.B5.C6.C7.D8.B9.D10.B解析示例（第1题）：原文首段明确"Environmentalpollutionhasbecomeaglobalcrisis..."，第二段分析工业排放、塑料污染等，故B正确。其他选项均需类似详细解析。二、填空题1.农业灌溉2.减少一次性塑料使用3.事物具有两面性4.过度农业灌溉2.满足当代需求而不损害后代利益6.化石燃料