计算机英语（中篇共上中下3篇）

计算机英语（第三版）北京出版社Unit5SecondaryStorageTask5.1SecondaryStorageTask5.2HardDiskTask5.3OpticalDiskTask5.4USBFlashDrive目录01020304directoryTask5.1SecondaryStorage目录05directoryTask5.1

SecondaryStorageLearningObjectivesAftercompletingthistask,youshouldbeableto:explaintheroleofsecondarystorages;distinguishthedifferencebetweenprimarystorageandsecondarystorage.LearningPreparationKeyterms—secondarystoragesRelativespecializedknowledge;InternetPlanandImplementStep1ReadRelativeKnowledge;Step2Requirestudentstograspthekeytermsinthistask;Step3Assessment.InquiryandDiscoveryFollowingarefourimportantsecondarystorages.Pleasecomparethefourintermsofprice,capacityandspeed.Sincetheprimarystorageinacomputercannotpermanentlystorealloftheprogramsthatwemightwanttorunandallofthedatathatwemightwanttoanalyze,acomputersystemneedssomeotherformsofdatastoragewhichcanholdmassiveamountsofdata,arenonvolatile,andhaverelativelylowcostperbitofstorage.Secondarystorage(orsecondarymemory)iswhereprogramsanddataarekeptonalong_x0002_termbasis.ItistheslowestandcheapestformofmemoryandcannotbeprocesseddirectlybytheCPU.Itmustfirstbecopiedintoprimarystorage(alsoknownasRAM).Inthepast,secondarystoragedevicesincludemagneticdiskslikeharddrivesandfloppydisks;opticaldiskssuchasCDsandCD-ROMs;andmagnetictapes,whichwerethefirstformsofsecondarymemory.Buttoday,flashdriveisasmall,portable,andconvenientreplacementtofloppydisks,CDs,andmore.Therefore,inourlimitedspaceherewewillconcentrateonthefourtypesofsecondarystorage:harddisks,opticaldisks,USBflashdrives,andsolid-statedisk.Task5.2HardDiskLearningObjectivesAftercompletingthistask,youshouldbeabletoexplaintheroleofharddisk.LearningPreparationKeyterms—harddiskRelativespecializedknowledge;InternetPlanandImplementStep1ReadRelativeKnowledge;Step2Requirestudentstograspthekeytermsinthistask;Step3Assessment.InquiryandDiscoveryIfyoudon’twantallofyourfilesinoneplacebutonlyhaveasingleharddrivetoworkwith,youcanpartitionit.Howtopartitionaharddiskdrive?Aharddisk(SeeFigure5-1)isoneofthemostimportantcomponentswithinthePC.Itisadevicewhereyoupermanentlystoreprogramsanddata.Thetypicalsecondarystoragemediumofamicrocomputerisharddisk.Aharddiskdrive(HDD,oftenshortenedas“harddisk”or“harddrive”),isanon-volatilestoragedevicewhichstoresdigitallyencodeddataonrapidlyrotatingplatterswithmagneticsurfaces.EarlyHDDshadremovablemedia;however,anHDDtodayistypicallyasealedunit(exceptforafilteredventholetoequalizeairpressure)withfixedmedia.HDDsrecorddatabymagnetizingferromagneticmaterialdirectionally,torepresenteithera0ora1binarydigit.Theyreadthedatabackbydetectingthemagnetizationofthematerial.AtypicalHDDdesignconsistsofaspindlewhichholdsoneormoreflatcirculardiskscalledplatters,ontowhichthedataarerecorded.Theplattersaremadefromanon-magneticmaterial,usuallyaluminumalloyorglass,andarecoatedwithathinlayerofmagneticmaterial.Olderdisksusedironoxideasthemagneticmaterial,butcurrentdisksuseacobalt-basedalloy.Theplattersarespunatveryhighspeeds.Informationiswrittentoaplatterasitrotatespastdevicescalledread-and-writeheadsthatoperateveryclose(tensofnanometersinnewdrives)overthemagneticsurface.Theread-and-writeheadisusedtodetectandmodifythemagnetizationofthematerialimmediatelyunderit.Thereisoneheadforeachmagneticplattersurfaceonthespindle,mountedonacommonarm.Anactuatorarm(oraccessarm)movestheheadsonanarc(roughlyradially)acrosstheplattersastheyspin,allowingeachheadtoaccessalmosttheentiresurfaceoftheplatterasitspins.Thearmismovedusingavoicecoilactuatororinsomeolderdesignsasteppermotor.Task5.3OpticalDiskLearningObjectivesAftercompletingthistask,youshouldbeabletoexplaintheroleofopticaldisk.LearningPreparationKeyterms—opticaldisk;CD;CD-ROM;CD-R;CD-RW;electromagnetismRelativespecializedknowledge;InternetPlanandImplementStep1ReadRelativeKnowledge;Step2Requirestudentstograspthekeytermsinthistask;Step3Assessment.InquiryandDiscoveryAnopticaldiskisacompactdiscorCD.Whyisitsonamed?Anopticaldisk(SeeFigure5-2)isaflat,circulardiskwhereindataisstoredinthepits(orbumps)initsflatsurface—sequentiallyonthecontinuous,spiraltrackextendingfromtheinnermosttracktotheoutermosttrack,coveringtheentiredisksurface.Thedataisaccessedinthediskwhenaspecialmaterial(oftenaluminum)isilluminatedwithalaserdiode.Unlikefloppyandharddisks,whichuseelectromagnetismtoencodedata,opticaldisksystemsusealasertoreadandwritedata.Opticaldisksrecorddatabyburningmicroscopicholesinthesurfaceofthediskwithalaser.Toreadthedisk,anotherlaserbeamshinesonthediskanddetectstheholesbychangesinthereflectionpattern.Task5.4USBFlashDriveLearningObjectivesAftercompletingthistask,youshouldbeabletoexplaintheroleofUSBflashdrive.LearningPreparationKeyterms—USBflashdrive;Relativespecializedknowledge;InternetPlanandImplementStep1ReadRelativeKnowledge;Step2Requirestudentstograspthekeytermsinthistask;Step3Assessment.InquiryandDiscoveryWhenconnectingaflashdrivetoacomputeronMicrosoftWindows,itbecomesthefirstavailabledriveletterafterthosealreadyinuse.Whatdriveletterisyourflashdrive?AUSBflashdrive(SeeFigure5-3)consistsofaNAND-typeflashmemorydatastoragedeviceintegratedwithaUSB(universalserialbus)interface.USBflashdrivesaretypicallyremovableandrewritable,muchsmallerthanafloppydisk(2.5to10cm),andmostUSBflashdrivesweighlessthan28g.Storagecapacitiestypicallyrangefrom64MBto128GBwithsteadyimprovementsinsizeandpricepergigabyte.Someallow1millionwriteorerasecyclesandhave10-yeardataretention,connectedbyUSB1.1orUSB2.0.USBflashdrivesofferpotentialadvantagesoverotherportablestoragedevices,particularlythefloppydisk.Theyhaveamorecompactshape,operatefaster,holdmuchmoredata,haveamoredurabledesign,andoperatemorereliablyduetotheirlackofmovingparts.Additionally,ithasbecomeincreasinglycommonforcomputerstobesoldwithoutfloppydiskdrives.USBports,ontheotherhand,appearonalmosteverycurrentmainstreamPCandlaptop.ThesetypesofdrivesusetheUSBmassstoragestandard,supportednativelybymodernoperatingsystemssuchasWindows,MacOSX,Linux,andotherUnix-likesystems.USBdriveswithUSB2.0supportcanalsooperatefasterthananopticaldiskdrive,whilestoringalargeramountofdatainamuchsmallerspace.Nothingactuallymovesinaflashdrive:thetermdrivepersistsbecausecomputersreadandwriteflash-drivedatausingthesamesystemcommandsasforamechanicaldiskdrive,withthestorageappearingtothecomputeroperatingsystemanduserinterfaceasjustanotherdrive.Aflashdriveconsistsofasmallprintedcircuitboardprotectedinsideaplastic,metal,orrubberizedcase,robustenoughforcarryingwithnoadditionalprotection—inapocketoronakeychain,forexample.TheUSBconnectorisprotectedbyaremovablecaporbyretractingintothebodyofthedrive,althoughitisnotliabletobedamagedifexposed.Nothingactuallymovesinaflashdrive:thetermdrivepersistsbecausecomputersreadandwriteflash-drivedatausingthesamesystemcommandsasforamechanicaldiskdrive,withthestorageappearingtothecomputeroperatingsystemanduserinterfaceasjustanotherdrive.Aflashdriveconsistsofasmallprintedcircuitboardprotectedinsideaplastic,metal,orrubberizedcase,robustenoughforcarryingwithnoadditionalprotection—inapocketoronakeychain,forexample.TheUSBconnectorisprotectedbyaremovablecaporbyretractingintothebodyofthedrive,althoughitisnotliabletobedamagedifexposed.Mostflashdrivesuseastandardtype-AUSBconnectionallowingpluggingintoaportonapersonalcomputer.朗科科技Task5.5Solid-StateDiskLearningObjectivesAftercompletingthistask,youshouldbeabletoexplaintheroleofsolid-statedisk.LearningPreparationKeyterms—solid-statediskRelativespecializedknowledge;InternetPlanandImplementStep1ReadRelativeKnowledge;Step2Requirestudentstograspthekeytermsinthistask;Step3Assessment.InquiryandDiscoveryWiththeinventionofSSD(Solid-StateDiskorSolid-StateDrive),theentirestorageareahasasignificantchangeinperformance.What’sthedifferencebetweenthetraditionalHDDandSSD?AnSSDisastoragedevicethatstorespersistentdataonsolid-stateflashmemory.AtypicalSSD(SeeFigure5-4)useswhatiscalledNAND-basedflashmemory.SSDcanbethoughtofasanoversizedandmoresophisticatedversionofthehumbleUSBmemorystick.Likeamemorystick,therearenomovingpartstoanSSD.Thisarrangementhasmanyadvantages.Datatransfertoandfromsolid-statedrivesismuchfasterthanelectromechanicaldiskdrives.Seektimeandlatencyarealsosubstantiallyreduced.Userstypicallyenjoymuchfasterboottimesaswell.Ingeneral,SSDsarealsomoredurableandmuchquieter,withnomovingpartstobreakorspinupordown.SSDsdo,however,haveslowerwritetimesandasetlifeexpectancy,asthereisafinitenumberoferase/writecyclesbeforeperformancebecomeserratic.DevelopmentandadoptionofSSDshavebeendrivenbyarapidlyexpandingneedforhigherinput/outputperformance.Highperformancelaptops,desktopsoranyapplicationthatneedstodeliverinformationinreal-timeornearreal-timecanbenefitfromSSDs.Historically,SSDshavebeenmuchmoreexpensivethanconventionalharddrives.Duetoimprovementsinmanufacturingtechnologyandexpandedchipcapacity,however,priceshavedropped,leadingbothconsumersandenterprise-levelcustomerstore-evaluateSSDsasviable,ifstillexpensive,alternativestoconventionalstorage.Inrecentyears,SSDshavebeenusedinenterprisestoragetospeedupapplicationsandperformancewithoutthecostofaddingadditionalservers.ValuesEducationthroughCurriculumScientistSpirit:PromotingtheScientistSpiritandBravelyClimbingtheWorldScienceandTechnologySummitYangtzeMemoryYangtzeMemoryTechnologiesCo.,Ltd.(YMTC),establishedinWuhan,ChinainJuly2016,isanIDMfocusingonthedesignandmanufacturingof3DNANDflashmemory,andisaprofessionaladvancedmemorysolutionsproviderrecognizedbyglobalcustomers.Ourproductsandsolutionsforglobalpartnersrangefrom3DNANDflashmemorywafersandpackagedchipstoembeddedmemorysolutions,consumerandenterpriseSSDs,whicharewidelyusedinmobiledevices,consumerelectronics,computers,servers,anddatacenters.OnFMS2018,YMTCdebuteditsgroundbreakingXtacking®architectureandunleashedthepotentialof3DNAND.InOctober2017,YMTCdesignedandmanufacturedChina’sfirst3DNANDflashmemorythroughindependentR&Dandinternationalcooperation.InSeptember2019,ourGen23DNANDflashmemorywithinnovativeYMTCXtacking®architecturewasofficiallyputintomassproduction.InApril2020,YMTClaunchedtwoGen3Flashmemorychips.AsthefirstQLCbasedGen33DNAND,X2-6070hasachievedthehighestbitdensity,highestI/OspeedandhighestcapacitysofaramongallreleasedFlashmemorypartsintheindustry.YMTChasR&DcentersinWuhan,Beijingandothercities.Itissupportedbymorethan8,000employeesworldwide,including6,000R&Dengineers.Throughpersistenceandinnovation,YMTCstrivestobecomeagloballeading3DNANDflashmemorysolutionprovider.感谢聆听计算机英语（第三版）北京出版社Unit6SystemSoftwareTask6.1SystemSoftwareTask6.2OperatingSystemTask6.3UtilitySoftwareTask6.4DeviceDriver目录01020304directoryTask6.5ProgrammingLanguagesandTranslators目录05directoryTask6.1

SystemSoftwareLearningObjectivesAftercompletingthistask,youshouldbeableto:definewhatthesystemsoftwareis;describethefourcategoriesofsystemsoftware.LearningPreparationKeyterms—systemsoftware;operatingsystem;utilitysoftware;devicedriver;languagetranslatorRelativespecializedknowledge;InternetPlanandImplementStep1ReadRelativeKnowledge;Step2Requirestudentstograspthekeytermsinthistask;Step3Assessment.InquiryandDiscoveryThesystemsoftwareisacollectionofprogramsdesignedtooperate,control,andextendtheprocessingcapabilitiesofthecomputeritself.Systemsoftwareisgenerallypreparedbythecomputermanufacturers.Canyougivesomeexamplesofsystemsoftware?Systemsoftwareisthepartofacomputersystemthatmakestherawcomputingpowerprovidedbythehardwareconvenientfortheuserandefficientfortheowner.Systemsoftwareiscloselyrelatedto,butdistinctfromOperatingSystemsoftware.Itisanycomputersoftwarethatprovidestheinfrastructureoverwhichprogramscanoperate,i.e.itmanagesandcontrolscomputerhardwaresothatapplicationsoftwarecanperform.Operatingsystems,suchasGNU,MicrosoftWindows,MacOSXorLinux,areprominentexamplesofsystemsoftware.Systemsoftwareissoftwarethatbasicallymakesthecomputerwork.Besidesoperatingsystems,otherexamplesareanti-virussoftware,communicationsoftware,devicedrivers,diagnostictools,utilities,andlanguagetranslators.Withoutthesystemsoftwarethecomputerdoesn’twork.Conventionally,thedesignandtheimplementationofthesystemsoftwareobjectsfollowcloselythedesignandtheimplementationofthehardwareandprovidethehardwarewithenough“intelligent”powertobesuitableandconvenienttoitsusers.Systemsoftwareisnotasingleprogram.Systemsoftwareisusuallydividedintofourcategories:Operatingsystem.Anoperatingsystem(commonlyabbreviatedtoeitherOSorO/S,SeeFigure6-1)isaninterfacebetweenhardwareandtheuser;itisresponsibleforthemanagementandcoordinationofactivitiesandthesharingofthelimitedresourcesofthecomputer.Utilitysoftware.Utilitysoftwareiscomputersoftwaredesignedtohelpmanageandtunethecomputerhardware,operatingsystemorapplicationsoftwarebyperformingasingletaskorasmallrangeoftasks.Someutilitysoftwarehasbeenintegratedintomostmajoroperatingsystems.Devicedrivers.Adevicedriverisacomputerprogramallowinghigher-levelcomputerprogramstointeractwithahardwaredevice.Languagetranslators.Languagetranslatorsconvertprogrammingsourcecodeintolanguagethatthecomputerprocessorunderstands.Task6.2SystemUnitLearningObjectivesAftercompletingthistask,youshouldbeabletodiscussthebasicfunctionsandcategoriesofoperatingsystem.LearningPreparationKeyterms—operatingsystem;interrupt;embeddedoperatingsystem;networkoperatingsystem;stand-aloneoperatingsystem;desktopoperatingsystem;harddisk;clientRelativespecializedknowledge;InternetPlanandImplementStep1ReadRelativeKnowledge;Step2Requirestudentstograspthekeytermsinthistask;Step3Assessment.InquiryandDiscovery●Laptops,tablets,anddesktopcomputersallrunoperatingsystemsthatyou’veprobablyheardof.SomeexamplesincludeversionsofMicrosoftWindows,Apple’smacOS,ChromeOS,BlackBerryTabletOS,andflavorsoftheopensourceoperatingsystemLinux.Whatisthemostinstalledoperatingsystem?●Accordingtostatcounter,AndroidtookoverWindowstobecometheworld’smostpopularoperatingsysteminApril2017.WhyAndroidOSisthemostpopularmobileoperatingsystemtoday?●Someofthemainfunctionsofanetworkoperatingsystemareprintersharing,commonfilesystems,databasesharing,applicationsharing,managingnetworknamedirectoryandtheabilitytodohousekeepingforthenetwork’ssystem.Canyougivesomeexampleofnetworkoperatingsystems?●Inthedesktopworld,MicrosoftWindowsisthemostinstalledoperatingsystem.CanyoucompletetheMicrosoftWindowsfamilytreebelow?Everycomputerhasanoperatingsystem.Accordingtothemodernunderstanding,anOSshouldbeabletodothefollowing:(1)Programexecution.Executingaprograminvolvesthecreationofaprocessbytheoperatingsystem.Thekernelcreatesaprocessbyassigningmemoryandotherresources,establishingapriorityfortheprocess(inmulti-taskingsystems),loadingprogramcodeintomemory,andexecutingtheprogram.Theprogramtheninteractswiththeuserand/orotherdevicesperformingitsintendedfunction.(2)Interrupt.Interruptsarecentraltooperatingsystemsastheyprovideanefficientwayfortheoperatingsystemtointeractandreacttoitsenvironment.Whenaninterruptisreceivedthecomputer’shardwareautomaticallysuspendswhateverprogramiscurrentlyrunning,savesitsstatus,andrunscomputercodepreviouslyassociatedwiththeinterrupt.Inmodernoperatingsystemsinterruptsarehandledbytheoperatingsystem’skernel.Interruptsmaycomefromeitherthecomputer’shardwareorfromtherunningprogram.(3)Protectedmodeandsupervisormode.ModernCPUssupportsomethingcalleddualmodeoperation.CPUswiththiscapabilityusetwomodes:protectedmodeandsupervisormode,whichallowcertainCPUfunctionstobecontrolledandaffectedonlybytheoperatingsystemkernel.(4)Memorymanagement.Amongotherthings,amultiprogrammingoperatingsystemkernelmustberesponsibleformanagingallsystemmemorywhichiscurrentlyinusebyprograms.Thisensuresthataprogramdoesnotinterferewithmemoryalreadyusedbyanotherprogram.Sinceprogramstimeshare,eachprogrammusthaveindependentaccesstomemory.(5)Virtualmemory.Theuseofvirtualmemoryaddressing(suchaspagingorsegmentation)meansthatthekernelcanchoosewhatmemoryeachprogrammayuseatanygiventime,allowingtheoperatingsystemtousethesamememorylocationsformultipletasks.(6)Multitasking.Multitaskingreferstotherunningofmultipleindependentcomputerprogramsonthesamecomputer,givingtheappearancethatitisperformingthetasksatthesametime.Sincemostcomputerscandoatmostoneortwothingsatonetime,thisisgenerallydoneviatimesharing,whichmeansthateachprogramusesashareofthecomputer’stimetoexecute.(7)Diskaccessandfilesystem.Accesstofilesstoredondisksisacentralfeatureofalloperatingsystems.Computersstoredataondisksusingfiles,whicharestructuredinspecificwaysinordertoallowforfasteraccess,higherreliability,andtomakebetteruseoutofthedrive’savailablespace.Thespecificwayinwhichfilesarestoredonadiskiscalledafilesystem,andenablesfilestohavenamesandattributes.Italsoallowsthemtobestoredinahierarchyofdirectoriesorfoldersarrangedinadirectorytree.(8)Devicedriver.Everymodelofhardware(evenwithinthesameclassofdevice)isdifferent.Computersandtheiroperatingsystemscannotbeexpectedtoknowhowtocontroleverydevice,bothnowandinthefuture.Tosolvethisproblem,OSesessentiallydictatehoweverytypeofdeviceshouldbecontrolled.(9)Networking.Currentlymostoperatingsystemssupportavarietyofnetworkingprotocols,hardware,andapplicationsforusingthem.Thismeansthatcomputersrunningdissimilaroperatingsystemscanparticipateinacommonnetworkforsharingresourcessuchascomputing,files,printers,andscannersusingeitherwiredorwirelessconnections.(10)Security.Theoperatingsystemmustbecapableofdistinguishingbetweenrequestswhichshouldbeallowedtobeprocessed,andotherswhichshouldnotbeprocessed.Whilesomesystemsmaysimplydistinguishbetween“privileged”and“non-privileged”,systemscommonlyhaveaformofrequesteridentity,suchasausername.(11)Graphicaluserinterfaces.Mostmoderncomputersystemssupportgraphicaluserinterfaces(GUI).Graphicaluserinterfacesevolveovertime.Forexample,WindowshasmodifieditsuserinterfacealmosteverytimeanewmajorversionofWindowsisreleased.Whiletherearehundredsofdifferentoperatingsystems,thereareonlythreebasiccategories:embedded,network,andstand-alone.1.EmbeddedOperatingSystemTherearemanydefinitionsofembeddedoperatingsystembutallofthesecanbecombinedintoasingleconcept.Anembeddedoperatingsystemisaspecial-purposecomputersystemthatisusedforaparticulartask.Thespecialcomputersystemisusuallylesspowerfulthangeneral-purposesystems,althoughsomeexceptionsdoexistwhereembeddedsystemsareverypowerfulandcomplicated.UsuallyalowpowerconsumptionCPUwithalimitedamountofmemoryisusedinembeddedsystems.Embeddedsystemproductsarebecomingmoreandmorepopular.Ifyoulookatyoursurroundings,youwillfindtinycomputerseverywhere.Theyarepresenteveninplaceswhereyourarelynoticethem.Someofthemostcommonembeddedsystemsusedineverydaylifeare:●Refrigerators●Microwaveovens●TV,VCR,DVDplayers●Cameras●Cars●Personaldigitalassistants(SeeFigure6-3)●PrintersStand-aloneoperatingsystemsalsocalleddesktopoperatingsystemscontrolasingledesktopornotebookcomputer.These

operatingsystemsarelocatedonthecomputer’sharddisk.Oftendesktopcomputersandnotebooksarepartofanetwork.Inthesecases,thedesktopoperatingsystemworkswiththenetwork’sNOStoshareandcoordinateresources.Inthesesituations,thedesktopoperatingsystemisreferredtoastheclientoperatingsystem.PopulardesktopoperatingsystemsincludeWindows,MacOS,andsomeversionsofUNIX.Formostendusers,thesearethemostimportantoperatingsystems.3.Stand-AloneOperatingSystemANetworkOperatingSystem(NOS)isasoftwareprogramthatcontrolsothersoftwareandhardwarerunningonanetwork.Italsoallowsmultiplecomputers,knownasnetworkcomputers,tocommunicatewithonecentralhubandeachothertoshareresources,runapplications,andsendmessages.Suchasystemcanconsistofawirelessnetwork,LocalAreaNetwork(LAN),oreventwoorthreecomputernetworksconnectedtogether.Anetworkoperatingsystemoftenhasamenu-basedadministrationinterface.Fromthisinterface,anetworkadministratorcanperformavarietyofactivities.Heorsheusestheinterfacetoformatharddrives,setupsecuritypermissions,andestablishlog-ininformationforeachuser.2.NetworkOperatingSystemTask6.3UtilitySoftwareLearningObjectivesAftercompletingthistask,youshouldbeabletodiscusstheadvantagesofutilities.LearningPreparationKeyterms—utilitysoftwareRelativespecializedknowledge;InternetPlanandImplementStep1ReadRelativeKnowledge;Step2Requirestudentstograspthekeytermsinthistask;Step3Assessment.InquiryandDiscoveryTheutilitysoftwaresareOSbased,thatperformaccordingtotheworkingoftheOSinacomputer.Someofthesesoftwarescomeinbuiltintheoperatingsystems.Canyougivesomeofthepopulartypesofutilitysoftware?Utilitysoftwarealsoknownasserviceprogramsperformspecifictasksrelatedtomanagingcomputerresources.Isyourcomputerworkingsluggishly?Areyoufrustratedwithcomputererrors?WithPCutilitysoftware,youcangiveyourcomputeranelectronictuneupandkissyourcomputerproblemsgoodbye.Utilitiesareprogramsthatmakecomputingeasier.Theexamplesofutilitysoftwareare:●Diskstorageutilities.●Systemprofilersprovidedetailedinformationaboutthesoftwareinstalledandhardwareattachedtothecomputer.●Anti-virusutilitiesscanforcomputerviruses.●Datacompressionutilitiesoutputashorterstreamorasmallerfilewhenprovidedwithastreamorfile.

●Cryptographicutilitiesencryptanddecryptstreamsandfiles.●RegistrycleanerscleanandoptimizetheWindowsregistrybyremovingoldregistrykeysthatarenolongerinuse.●Networkmanagerscheckthecomputer’snetwork,logeventsandcheckdatatransfer.ValuesEducationthroughCurriculumScientistSpirit:PromotingtheScientistSpiritandBravelyClimbingtheWorldScienceandTechnologySummit1.HuaweiTechnologieslaunchesnewHarmonyOSversionHuaweiTechnologiesCo.,Ltd.unveiledanewversionofitsself-developedoperatingsystemHarmonyOSonJanuary16,2024.ThemovecomesasHuaweiannouncedthatmorethan800milliondevices,includingitsown-brandproductsanddevicesfromthird-partycompanies,havenowbeenequippedwithHarmonyOS,upfrom700milliondevicesfivemonthsago,markingasignificantmilestoneinitsrapidexpansion.HarmonyOSNextwillnolongersupportAndroidappsorreadAndroidcode,accordingtoHuawei.HighlightingitscommitmenttopromotetheecosystemofHarmonyOS,Huaweisaidthatover200leadingapplicationshaveacceleratedtheirintegrationintotheHarmonyOSecosystem.MajorpartnerslikeAntGroupandChinaUnionPay,leveragingtheirinnovationprowessandHarmonyOS’foundationalcapabilities,providesoftwaredeveloperswithefficientend-to-endtoolsandexpediteapplicationdevelopment.Theself-developedoperatingsystemwasfirstunveiledasanAndroidalternativeinAugust2019.ThoughGoogle’sAndroidandApple’siOSwillcontinuetodominatetheglobalsmartphoneoperatingsystemsector,Huawei’sHarmonyOSwilltakesomegroundinChina,drivenbythefirm’s5GsmartphonecomebackwiththeMate60series,TechInsightssaidinareport.ValuesEducationthroughCurriculumScientistSpirit:PromotingtheScientistSpiritandBravelyClimbingtheWorldScienceandTechnologySummit2.AboutHarmonyOSHarmonyOSisaninnovative,distributedoperatingsystemfortheInternetofeverything(IoE)era.Unlikealegacyoperatingsystemthatrunsonastandalonedevice,HarmonyOSisbuiltwithadistributedarchitecturethatusesasamesetofsystemcapabilitiestoadapttoawidearrayofdeviceforms,rangingfromphonesandtabletstowearables,smartTVs,andheadunitsaswellasPCs,smartspeakers,headsets,andAR/VRglasses.Itisadaptableto,amongotherthings,themo