电子科技大学研究生历年学位英语考试试题及答案

电子科技大学研究生历年学位英语考试试题及答案一、词汇与结构（2019-2023年统考真题汇编，共20题，每小题0.5分，满分10分）1.Thebreakthroughin6GcommunicationtechnologyatUniversityofElectronicScienceandTechnologyofChina(UESTC)has______thecuriosityofglobalresearchersonultra-massiveMIMOdeployment.A.arisenB.arousedC.risenD.raised2.Undertheguidanceofnational"DoubleFirst-Class"constructionstrategy,theuniversityhasallocatedmorespecialfundstosupport______researchinthefieldofintegratedcircuitdesignautomation.A.pioneeringB.preliminaryC.perpetualD.prevalent3.Iftheproposednewenergystoragesystem______theexpectedtestresults,itwillbewidelyappliedinthegreendatacentersofSouthwestChinaby2026.A.yieldsB.willyieldC.yieldedD.wouldyield4.Theacademicpaperonterahertzon-chipcommunication,______inthetopjournalNatureElectronicslastmonth,hasbeenselectedasthecoverstoryofthecurrentissue.A.publishingB.topublishC.publishedD.beingpublished5.Manypostgraduatesupervisorsrequiretheirstudentstoattendatleasttwointernationalacademicseminarseverysemester______theycangetaccesstothelatestresearchprogressintheindustry.A.inthatB.sothatC.evenifD.asif6.Theuniversity’sintellectualpropertytransfercenterhashelpedmorethan120scientificresearchachievements______tomarketapplicationsinthepastthreeyears.A.totransformB.transformC.transformedD.transforming7.Comparedwithtraditionalcloudcomputingarchitecture,edgecomputingcan______thedatatransmissiondelaybymorethan70%inindustrialInternetscenarios.A.cutdownB.cutoffC.cutinD.cutout8.Itwasnotuntiltheteamspent18monthsadjustingthematerialformula______theyobtainedtheexpectedperformanceofthenewferroelectricmemory.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where9.NootheruniversityinChinacan______UESTCintheoverallstrengthofelectronicinformationdisciplineconstructionaccordingtothelatestnationaldisciplineassessmentresults.A.matchB.fitC.suitD.equalize10.Thepostgraduatewho______thenationalscholarshiplastyearhaspublished3SCItoppapersinthefieldofnaturallanguageprocessing.A.awardsB.awardedC.wasawardedD.hasawarded11.______theshort-termlimitationsofcurrentlithiumbatterytechnology,theresearchteamturnedtothedevelopmentofnewaluminum-sulfurbatterymaterialsforlow-powerIoTscenarios.A.RecognizedB.RecognizingC.TorecognizeD.Beingrecognized12.Theschool’spostgraduatedegreeEnglishexaminationisdesignedtoevaluatethecomprehensiveEnglishapplicationabilityofnon-Englishmajorcandidates,______theactualdemandofscientificresearchandinternationalacademicexchange.A.correspondingtoB.consistingofC.dealingwithD.benefitingfrom13.ThetotalnumberofpostgraduatesstudyinginthenationalkeylaboratoriesofUESTC______exceeded3000bytheendof2023.A.haveB.hasC.hadD.having14.Ifyouwanttoapplyforamaster'sdegreeinadvance,you______passthedegreeEnglishexaminationwithascoreofnolessthan60accordingtothelatestregulationofthegraduateschool.A.canB.mayC.mustD.need15.Thenewdevelopedquantumkeydistributionprototypeis30%smallerinvolume______thesimilarproductsdevelopedbyotherdomesticresearchinstitutions.A.asB.thanC.thatD.of16.Theacademicconferenceonartificialintelligencesecurity,______isscheduledtobeheldinQingshuiheCampusnextmonth,hasattractedmorethan200expertsfrom17countriestoregister.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.what17.ThelibraryofUESTChaspurchasedalargenumberofinternationalacademicdatabaseresourcesto______postgraduatestoretrievethelatestforeignresearchliteratureforfree.A.enableB.disableC.ensureD.insure18.Rarely______ascientificresearchteamcanachievesuchamajorbreakthroughinthefieldofphotonicchipresearchinonly2years.A.weseeB.doweseeC.wehaveseenD.wesaw19.Thepostgraduateacademicinnovationfundingprojectsupportsmorethan400studentresearchprojectseveryyear,coveringalmostall______relatedtoelectronicinformationdisciplines.A.dimensionsB.categoriesC.domainsD.specifications20.Itissuggestedthatallnon-Englishmajorpostgraduates______atleastoneEnglishacademicpaperbeforethethesisdefense,soastoimprovetheirinternationalacademicvision.A.publishB.publishedC.willpublishD.mustpublish【参考答案及考点解析】1.答案：B。考点为动词词义辨析，arousecuriosity是固定搭配，意为激发好奇心，arisen是arise（出现、产生）的过去分词，risen是rise（自主上升）的过去分词，raise意为抬起、养育，均不符合语境。2.答案：A。考点为形容词词义辨析，pioneeringresearch意为开创性研究，preliminary意为初步的，perpetual意为永久的，prevalent意为流行的，结合双一流建设支持集成电路领域前沿探索的政策导向，选A符合语义。3.答案：A。考点为状语从句时态，在if引导的真实条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，因此选yields。4.答案：C。考点为非谓语动词作后置定语，paper和publish之间是被动关系，且论文已经完成发表，因此用过去分词published表完成和被动。5.答案：B。考点为状语从句连接词，sothat引导目的状语从句，意为“以便于”，符合导师要求学生参会以获取前沿进展的逻辑。6.答案：A。考点为非谓语固定搭配，helpsth.todosth.是固定结构，意为推动某物向某方向转化，此处to不可省略。7.答案：A。考点为动词短语辨析，cutdown意为削减、降低，符合边缘计算降低传输延迟的语义，cutoff意为切断，cutin意为插嘴，cutout意为删去，均不符合。8.答案：C。考点为强调句结构，itis/wasnotuntil...that...是固定强调句型，意为“直到……才……”，因此选that。9.答案：A。考点为动词词义辨析，match意为比得上、与……匹敌，符合学科评估中电子科大电子信息领域实力领先的语境，equalize意为使均等，不符合用法。10.答案：C。考点为动词语态，研究生是被授予国家奖学金，因此用一般过去时的被动语态wasawarded。11.答案：B。考点为非谓语动词作状语，researchteam和recognize之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词recognizing作原因状语。12.答案：A。考点为动词短语辨析，correspondingto意为符合、对应，指学位英语考试的设置契合科研和国际交流的实际需求。13.答案：C。考点为动词时态，bytheendof2023是过去的时间节点，主句动作在该节点前已完成，因此用过去完成时had。14.答案：C。考点为情态动词辨析，根据学校graduateschool明文规定，通过学位英语是申请学位的必要条件，语气强烈，因此选must。15.答案：B。考点为比较级结构，形容词比较级smaller后面搭配than引出比较对象。16.答案：A。考点为非限制性定语从句，先行词是academicconference，指代物且在从句中作主语，因此用which引导。17.答案：A。考点为动词词义辨析，enablesb.todosth.意为使某人能够做某事，符合学校采购数据库让学生免费检索文献的语义。18.答案：B。考点为部分倒装结构，否定副词rarely置于句首时，主句需要将助动词提前，构成部分倒装，因此选dowesee。19.答案：C。考点为名词词义辨析，domains意为研究领域，符合创新基金覆盖电子信息全学科方向的语境。20.答案：A。考点为虚拟语气，在itissuggestedthat...的主语从句结构中，从句谓语需要用(should)+动词原形的结构，因此选publish。二、阅读理解（2019-2023年统考核心真题，共4篇，20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）★Passage1（2023年真题主题：存算一体芯片技术）TraditionalcomputingarchitecturefollowstheVonNeumannprinciple,whichseparatesthecomputingunitandthestorageunit.Whenprocessingmassiveartificialintelligencedata,thesystemneedstofrequentlytransmitdatabetweenthememoryandtheprocessor,resultinginextremelyhighpowerconsumptionandtransmissiondelay,whichiscommonlyknownasthe"VonNeumannbottleneck".Inrecentyears,theresearchteamofUESTC'sSchoolofElectronicScienceandEngineeringhasmadeamajorbreakthroughinthefieldofresistiverandomaccessmemory(RRAM)basedcomputing-in-memorychips.Theteamdevelopeda7nmprocessRRAMchipthatcanintegratestorageandcomputingfunctions,reducingthepowerconsumptionofAIinferencetasksby92%comparedwiththetraditionalGPUarchitecture,andthedelayisreducedto1/15oftheoriginallevel.Atpresent,thistechnologyhasbeenappliedtotheintelligentidentificationsystemofhigh-speedrailwaysafetymonitoring,andtheteamhasreachedacooperationintentionwithaleadingdomesticintelligenthardwareenterprisetopromotethechiptotheconsumerelectronicsmarketin2025.1.WhatisthemainproblemoftraditionalVonNeumannarchitecturewhenprocessingAIdata?A.InsufficientcomputingperformanceB.HighpowerconsumptionandtransmissiondelayC.LowmemoryreadandwritespeedD.Poorcompatibilitywithdifferentsoftware2.ThebreakthroughachievedbytheUESTCresearchteamisbasedonwhichofthefollowingtechnologies?A.FlashmemoryB.FerroelectricmemoryC.ResistiverandomaccessmemoryD.Magneticrandomaccessmemory3.ComparedwithtraditionalGPUarchitecture,thenewchipdevelopedbytheteamcanreducethepowerconsumptionofAIinferencetasksby______.A.7%B.15%C.92%D.85%4.Atpresent,thetechnologyhasbeenfirstappliedtowhichofthefollowingscenarios?A.ConsumerelectronicsproductsB.High-speedrailwaysafetymonitoringC.UnmanneddrivingsystemD.Datacenterserver5.Accordingtothepassage,whenwillthechipbepromotedtotheconsumerelectronicsmarket?A.2023B.2024C.2025D.2026★Passage2（2022年真题主题：开源软件知识产权保护）Opensourcesoftwarehasbecomethebasicsupportoftheglobalinformationindustry,morethan90%ofthenewsoftwareproductsintheworlduseopensourcecodecomponents.However,foralongtime,manydomestictechnologyenterprisesanduniversityresearchteamslackawarenessofopensourceprotocolcompliance,whichleadstofrequentintellectualpropertydisputesintheprocessofcommercializationofresearchachievements.UESTC'snewlyestablishedopensourcetechnologycomplianceresearchcenterhassortedoutmorethan1200commonopensourcelicenseclauses,anddevelopedasetofautomaticdetectiontools,whichcanidentifyopensourcecodecomponentscontainedintargetsoftwarewithin5minutes,andevaluatetheintellectualpropertyriskofcommercialapplication.Thecenterhasprovidedfreecompliancetestingservicesformorethan300smallandmedium-sizedtechnologyenterprisesinChengduHigh-techZone,effectivelyreducingtheprobabilityofintellectualpropertydisputesintheprocessofscientificandtechnologicalachievementstransformation.【参考答案及考点解析】Passage1答案：1.B2.C3.C4.B5.C。所有题目均可直接定位到原文对应语句，无引申推理考点，符合电子科技大学学位英语阅读"重信息定位、轻主观推断"的命题特征，整体难度低于大学英语六级仔细阅读。Passage2-4的所有考点均围绕细节信息定位设置，其中70%的题干直接对应原文数据、专有名词、核心结论等显性信息，剩余30%仅需结合段落主旨即可选出正确答案，不存在需要跨篇章整合全文信息的复杂推理题。从2019-2023年的真题数据统计来看，阅读理解部分考生平均得分率可达72%，是全卷占比最高、得分空间最大的题型。三、完型填空（2022年统考真题，共20空，每空1分，满分20分）TheTerahertzResearchCenterofUESTCisoneofthe___1___researchplatformsinthefieldofterahertztechnologyinChina.Morethan200researchers___2___12differentnationalkeyR&Dprojectshavemademajor___3___inthefieldsofterahertzcommunication,terahertzimagingandterahertzdetectioninthepastfiveyears.Differentfromtheelectromagneticwavefrequencybandcurrentlyusedinmobilecommunicationsystems,terahertzsignalhasthecharacteristicsoflargebandwidth,stronganti-interferenceabilityandhighspatialresolution,whichisregardedasthecorekeytechnologyto___4___theperformancelimitof6Gcommunication.In2022,thecentersuccessfullytestedthefirstdomestic100Gbpsreal-timeterahertzcommunicationsystemintheoutdoorscenarioofQingshuiheCampus,andthetransmission___5___exceeded1kilometer,fillingtherelevanttechnicalgapinChina.___6___thelackofdomestichigh-precisionterahertztestinginstrumentsintheearlystageofresearch,theteamindependentlydevelopedmorethan30setsofspecialtestingequipment,andtheoverallperformanceindexoftheequipmenthasreachedthe___7___internationaladvancedlevel.Atpresent,theresearchresultsofthecenterhavebeen___8___appliedtoaerospacecommunication,securityinspectionandmedicalimagingscenarios,drivingtheoutputvalueofrelatedindustrialchainstoexceed2billionyuan.（全文共20个空，选项均为四级-六级难度的常用词汇和逻辑连接词，没有出现生僻的专业术语）【参考答案及考点解析】20道题的答案覆盖12道动词/名词词义辨析题、5道逻辑连接词题、3道固定搭配题，从历年得分情况来看，该题型考生平均得分率为61%，其中错误率最高的考点是涉及科研场景的固定搭配，例如fillthetechnicalgap（填补技术空白）、achievebreakthroughs（取得突破）等，属于研究生群体在日常科研活动中高频接触的固定表达，备考阶段梳理相关主题的语料即可快速提升正确率。四、翻译（2021-2023年真题，英译汉15分，汉译英10分，满分25分）★英译汉2023年真题：Generativeartificialintelligencetechnologyisreshapingthewholeprocessofintegratedcircuitdesign.Traditionalchipdesignoftenrequiresmorethan100engineerstospendmorethan2yearstocompletethefullprocessfromcodewritingtophysicalverification.ThenewgenerativeEDAtooldevelopedbytheUESTCresearchteamcanautomaticallygeneratethehardwaredescriptioncodeofthecircuitaccordingtothefunctionalrequirementsgivenbythedesigner,reducingthefront-enddesigncycleofthe7nmchipbymorethan60%,andsignificantlyreducingtheR&Dcostofsmallandmedium-sizedchipdesignenterprises.参考译文：生成式人工智能技术正在重塑集成电路设计的全流程。传统芯片设计往往需要100多名工程师花费2年以上时间完成从代码编写到物理验证的全流程。电子科技大学研究团队开发的新型生成式电子设计自动化工具，可以根据设计师给出的功能需求自动生成电路的硬件描述代码，将7nm芯片的前端设计周期缩短60%以上，显著降低了中小型芯片设计企业的研发成本。评分细则规定，只要3个核心术语generativeartificialintelligence（生成式人工智能）、integratedcircuit（集成电路）、physicalverification（物理验证）翻译准确，语句通顺即可拿到12分以上的基础分，剩余3分给到符合中文科技文本表达习惯的优质译句。★汉译英2021年真题：电子科技大学始终坚持面向国家重大战略需求开展科研攻关，在电子信息领域产出了一大批具有国际领先水平的核心技术成果，为我国信息产业的自主可控发展提供了重要支撑。参考译文：UESTChasalwaysadheredtotheprincipleofcarryingoutscientificresearchtargetingthemajorstrategicneedsofthecountry,andhasproducedalargenumberofcoretechnologicalachievementswithinternationalleadinglevelinthefieldofelectronicinformation,providingimportantsupportfortheindependentandcontrollabledevelopmentofChina'sinformationindustry.评分细则不要求句式华丽，核心术语"自主可控"翻译为independentandcontrollable即可得分。五、写作（2019-2023年真题汇总，满分15分）历年写作真题均围绕研究生学习生活展开，2019年题目为"TheImportanceofAcademicIntegrityforPostgraduates"，2020年为"HowtoImproveYourEnglishAcademicPaperWritingAbility"，2021年为"MyPlanforPostgraduateStageAcademicResearch"，2022年为"TheSignificanceofInternationalAcademicExchangeforScientificInnovation"，2023年为"Viewson