2026年四川省人教版初中英语第5单元语法专项练习题

2026年四川省人教版初中英语第5单元语法专项练习题一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1.ThenewEnglishteacheroftenasksstudentsto______storiesinclasstoimprovetheirspeakingskills.Whichofthefollowingverbsisthecorrectformtofillintheblank?A.writeB.writesC.wroteD.writing参考答案：A解析：本题考查一般现在时的动词形式。根据句意“新英语老师经常在课上让学生讲故事以提升他们的口语能力”，主语是复数"students"，谓语动词需用原形。选项B是第三人称单数形式，选项C是过去式，选项D是动名词形式，均不符合语境。故选A。2.Mysister______totheradioeverymorningwhileshegetsdressed,butshedoesn’tlistentothemusicactively.Whattenseshouldbeusedtodescribethishabitualaction?A.listenB.listensC.islisteningD.haslistened参考答案：B解析：本题考查一般现在时的用法。根据句意“我妹妹每天穿衣服时都会开着收音机，但她不是主动听”，描述经常性、习惯性的动作需用一般现在时。选项A是动词原形，选项C是现在进行时（表示正在进行的动作），选项D是现在完成时（表示动作有完成意义），均不符合语境。故选B。3.Theboy______hishomeworkfortwohours,buthestillhasn’tfinishedit.Whichtimeadverbialismostappropriatehere?A.finishB.finishedC.hasfinishedD.hasbeenfinishing参考答案：D解析：本题考查现在完成进行时的用法。根据句意“这个男孩已经做了两个小时作业了，但他还没完成”，强调动作从过去持续到现在，且可能继续进行，需用现在完成进行时。选项A是动词原形，选项B是过去式，选项C是现在完成时（强调完成意义），均不符合语境。故选D。4.Ifyou______morecarefully,youwouldn’thavemadesuchamistakeinthemathtest.Whatmodalverbshouldbeusedtoexpressapastassumption?A.willreadB.wouldreadC.shouldreadD.couldread参考答案：B解析：本题考查虚拟语气中的与过去事实相反的假设。根据句意“如果你当时更仔细一点，数学考试就不会犯这样的错误了”，从句表示与过去事实相反，主句需用“wouldhave+过去分词”。选项A是将来时，选项C是应该，选项D是能够，均不符合语境。故选B。5.Theteachertoldthestudentsthatthey______lateforthemeeting,butnoonefollowedtheadvice.Whatshouldbethecorrectformoftheverb?A.isB.areC.wasD.were参考答案：B解析：本题考查宾语从句中的动词形式。根据句意“老师告诉学生们开会不能迟到，但没人听从建议”，宾语从句的主语是复数"students"，谓语动词需用一般现在时。选项C是过去时，选项D是过去进行时，均不符合语境。故选B。6.Myparents______metovisitthemnextweekend,butI’mnotsureifIcangobecauseofmyhomework.Whattenseisusedtodescribeasuggestion?A.suggestB.suggestedC.suggestD.suggests参考答案：A解析：本题考查动词suggest的用法。根据句意“我父母建议我下周末去看他们，但我不确定是否能去因为还有作业”，suggest作“建议”时，后面接动词原形。选项B是过去式，选项D是第三人称单数形式，均不符合语境。故选A。7.Thestudents______adebateaboutenvironmentalprotectionlastnight,andtheyallparticipatedactively.Whattenseisusedtodescribeacompletedaction?A.havehadB.hadC.haveD.washaving参考答案：B解析：本题考查过去完成时的用法。根据句意“学生们昨晚就环境保护举行了辩论，他们都积极参与了”，强调动作在过去某个时间之前完成。选项A是现在完成时，选项C是现在完成时（缺少助动词），选项D是过去进行时，均不符合语境。故选B。8.IfI______moretime,Iwouldhelpyoufinishtheprojectearlier.Whattenseisusedtoexpressahypotheticalsituation?A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhave参考答案：B解析：本题考查虚拟语气中的与现在事实相反的假设。根据句意“如果我时间更多，我就能更早帮你完成项目”，从句表示与现在事实相反，主句需用“would+动词原形”。选项C是将来时，选项D是过去虚拟，均不符合语境。故选B。9.Thegirl______herfavoritesongonthepianoeveryevening,butherparentsfinditnoisy.Whattenseisusedtodescribeahabitualaction?A.playsB.playedC.hasplayedD.isplaying参考答案：A解析：本题考查一般现在时的用法。根据句意“这个女孩每天晚上都弹她最喜欢的钢琴曲，但父母觉得太吵了”，描述经常性、习惯性的动作需用一般现在时。选项B是过去式，选项C是现在完成时，选项D是现在进行时，均不符合语境。故选A。10.Theteacheraskedthestudents,“______youfinishyourhomeworkbeforedinner?”Whatquestionwordshouldbeusedtoaskabouttime?A.WhenB.WhereC.WhyD.How参考答案：A解析：本题考查疑问词的用法。根据句意“老师问学生们‘你们晚饭前完成作业了吗？’”，询问时间需用When。选项B是地点，选项C是原因，选项D是方式，均不符合语境。故选A。二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）1.Theboy______(play)basketballeveryafternoonafterschool,buthe______(notgo)tothegymtodaybecauseit’sraining.参考答案：plays/doesn’tgo解析：第一个空描述习惯性动作，用一般现在时；第二个空表示否定，用doesn’t+动词原形。2.IfI______(have)moremoney,I______(buy)anewcar,butIneedtosavefirst.参考答案：had/wouldbuy解析：从句表示与现在事实相反的假设，用过去式；主句表示虚拟结果，用would+动词原形。3.Thestudents______(discuss)thescienceprojectforthreehoursyesterday,andthey______(notfinish)ityet.参考答案：discussed/haven’tfinished解析：第一个空描述过去完成的动作，用过去式；第二个空表示动作持续到现在，用现在完成时。4.Mysister______(suggest)thatwe______(go)tothemuseumnextSunday,butIthinkit’stoocrowded.参考答案：suggests/go解析：suggest作“建议”时，后面接动词原形；主语是第三人称单数，用一般现在时。5.Theteachertoldthestudentsthatthey______(be)latefortheexamifthey______(notleave)soon.参考答案：willbe/don’tleave解析：宾语从句描述将来的情况，用一般将来时；条件状语从句用一般现在时。6.Ifyou______(study)harder,you______(pass)theEnglishtesteasily.参考答案：studied/wouldpass解析：从句表示与现在事实相反的假设，用过去式；主句表示虚拟结果，用would+动词原形。7.Thegirl______(play)thepianosinceshewasfiveyearsold,andshe______(notstop)practicingnow.参考答案：hasbeenplaying/hasn’tstopped解析：第一个空表示动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成进行时；第二个空表示动作持续到现在，用现在完成时。8.Thestudents______(have)apartynextweekend,butthey______(notinvite)meyet.参考答案：arehaving/haven’tinvited解析：第一个空表示即将发生的动作，用现在进行时；第二个空表示动作尚未完成，用现在完成时。9.IfI______(be)you,I______(tell)theteacherabouttheproblemimmediately.参考答案：were/wouldtell解析：从句表示与现在事实相反的假设，用虚拟语气；主句表示虚拟结果，用would+动词原形。10.Theboy______(notfinish)hishomeworklastnight,sohe______(feel)tiredthismorning.参考答案：didn’tfinish/feels解析：第一个空表示过去未完成的动作，用过去式；第二个空表示现在的状态，用一般现在时。三、判断题（每题2分，共20分）1.Theteachertoldthestudentsthattheymustarriveatschoolbefore7:00a.m.Thissentenceisinthepassivevoice.(×)解析：句子为一般现在时的直接祈使句，不是被动语态。2.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic.Thissentenceisinthefirstconditional.(√)解析：句子表示对将来可能发生的条件的假设，符合第一条件句结构。3.Thegirlhasbeenplayingthepianoforthreeyears.Thistenseemphasizesthedurationoftheaction.(√)解析：现在完成进行时强调动作从过去持续到现在，并可能继续进行。4.Thestudentssuggestthatweshouldfinishtheprojectthisweek.Thisiscorrect.(×)解析：suggest作“建议”时，后面接动词原形，应改为“suggestthatwefinishtheprojectthisweek.”5.Theboywouldhelpyouifyouaskedhim.Thissentenceisinthesecondconditional.(√)解析：句子表示与现在事实相反的假设，符合第二条件句结构。6.Theteachertoldthestudentsthattheywerelateforthemeeting.Thisisinthepastpassivevoice.(√)解析：句子为一般过去时的被动语态。7.IfIhadmoretime,Iwouldstudyharder.Thissentenceisinthethirdconditional.(×)解析：句子表示与过去事实相反的假设，符合第二条件句结构。8.Thegirlplaysthepianoeveryday.Thisisinthesimplepresenttense.(√)解析：句子描述经常性、习惯性的动作，用一般现在时。9.Thestudentshavefinishedtheirhomework.Thistenseemphasizesthecompletionoftheaction.(√)解析：现在完成时强调动作的完成意义。10.Theteacheraskedthestudentsiftheywouldfinishtheirhomework.Thisisinthefuturetense.(×)解析：句子为一般将来时的宾语从句，但主句未完成，不是将来时。四、简答题（每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"will"and"begoingto"inexpressingfutureplans.参考答案：-"Will"isusedforspontaneousdecisionsorpredictionsbasedonpresentevidence.Forexample,"Itwillraintomorrow."-"Begoingto"isusedforplannedactionsorintentions.Forexample,"Iamgoingtovisitmyparentsnextweek."解析："Will"强调临时决定或基于现有证据的预测，如天气预测；"begoingto"强调计划或意图，如已安排好的行程。2.Howdoyouformasentenceinthepassivevoice?参考答案：-Subject+be+pastparticiple+(by+agent).Forexample,"Thebookwaswrittenbyastudent."解析：被动语态结构为“主语+be动词+过去分词+(by+动作发出者)”。3.Whatisthestructureofthesecondconditional?参考答案：-If+pastsimple,...would+baseverb.Forexample,"IfIhadmoremoney,Iwouldtraveltheworld."解析：第二条件句结构为“if+过去式，...would+动词原形”，表示与现在事实相反的假设。4.Howdoyouuse"havebeendoing"and"havedone"?参考答案：-"Havebeendoing"emphasizesthedurationoftheaction.Forexample,"Shehasbeenstudyingfortwohours."-"Havedone"emphasizesthecompletionoftheaction.Forexample,"Shehasfinishedherhomework."解析："havebeendoing"强调动作的持续性，"havedone"强调动作的完成性。5.Whatisthefunctionof"suggest"?参考答案：-Suggest+that+subject+(should)+baseverb.Forexample,"Theteachersuggeststhatwereviewthelesson."解析：suggest作“建议”时，后面接宾语从句，从句动词用原形或should+原形。6.Howdoyouformasentenceinthefirstconditional?参考答案：-If+presentsimple,...will+baseverb.Forexample,"Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic."解析：第一条件句结构为“if+一般现在时，...will+动词原形”，表示对将来可能发生的条件的假设。7.Whatisthedifferencebetween"can"and"may"?参考答案：-"Can"isusedforabilityorrequests.Forexample,"Youcanswim."-"May"isusedforpermissionorpossibility.Forexample,"Youmayleavenow."解析："can"表示能力或请求，"may"表示许可或可能性。8.Howdoyouuse"since"and"for"?参考答案：-"Since"isusedwithapointintime(e.g.,since2020).-"For"isusedwithaduration(e.g.,forthreeyears).解析："since"与时间点连用，"for"与时间段连用。五、应用题（每题4分，共24分）1.Rewritethefollowingsentenceinthepassivevoice:"Thestudentsfinishedtheprojectyesterday."参考答案：Theprojectwasfinishedbythestudentsyesterday.解析：被动语态结构为“主语+be动词+过去分词+(by+动作发出者)”。2.Completethefollowingsentencewiththecorrectformoftheverb:"IfI______moretime,I______studyEnglisheveryday."参考答案：had/wouldstudy解析：从句表示与现在事实相反的假设，用过去式；主句表示虚拟结果，用would+动词原形。3.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusing"should":"Theteachersuggeststhatwereviewthelesson."参考答案：Theteachersuggeststhatwe(should)reviewthelesson.解析：suggest作“建议”时，后面接宾语从句，从句动词用原形或should+原形。4.Completethefollowingsentencewiththecorrectformoftheverb:"Thebook______writtenbyafamousauthor."参考答案：was解析：被动语态结构为“主语+be动词+过去分词”，主语是单数名词，be动词用was。5.Rewritethefollowingsentenceinthefirstconditional:"Itwillraintomorrow,sowewillcancelthepicnic."参考答案：Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic.解析：第一条件句结构为“if+一般现在时，...will+动词原形”，表示对将来可能发生的条件的假设。6.Completethefollowingsentencewiththecorrectformoftheverb:"Thestudents______theirhomeworkfortwohourswhentheteacherarrived."参考答案：hadbeendoing解析：现在完成进行时强调动作从过去持续到现在，并可能继续进行。【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.A2.B3.D4.B5.B6.A7.B8.B9.A10.A二、填空题1.plays/doesn’tgo2.had/wouldbuy3.discussed/haven’tfinished2.suggests/go5.willbe/don’tleav