大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷619

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷619

一、词汇理解(本题共70题，每题7.0分，共70分。)

Itlookedlikeatypicalbusinessmeeting.Sixmen.neatlydressedinwhiteshirtsandties

(Cl]intotheboardroomofasmallJakartacompanyandsatdownatalong

(able.Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegan

tomeditate(冥想),consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.Mysticismtouches

almosteveryaspectoflifeinIndonesiaandbusinessisno[C2].Oneofthe

meditatorssaidhisweeklymeditationsessionsareaimedmainlyatbringingthepeaceof

mindthatmakesforgooddecision-making.Buttheinsightgainedfrommystic

communicationwithspiritsofwisekingshasalsohelped[C3]theprofitsof

hisfivecompanies.Mysticismandprofitshavecometogethersincethe13thcentury

introductionofIslamtoIndonesiabyIndianMoslemmerchants.Thosedevout(虔敬的)

traders,called"WaliUllah"or"thoseclosetoGod",[C4]spreadbothtrade

andreligionbyadaptingtheirappealstothenativemysticismofJava.Legendsattribute

magicpowerofforeknowledgetotheWaliUllah.Thesepowerswerebelievedtobe

gainedthrough[C5]andfasting.BusinessmanHadisikosaidhisgroupfasts

andmeditatesallnighteveryThursdaytobecomeclosertoGodandtocontactthespirits

ofthegreatmenofthepast.Hadizikohastenedtoaddthathiscompaniesalsohold

modernpersonnelmanagementsystemsandthatformalqualificationsareessentialfora

candidateeventobeconsidered.Perspectiveinvestmentsalsoarcconsideredthrough

mysticmeditation.Withthemindrelaxedandopen,i(iseasiertobe[C6]in

judgingtheriskofanewventure.Hadisikoexplained,"Meditationandcontactwiththe

wisdomoftheoldleaders[C7]yourowninsightandintuition.Thenyou

havetoapplythatinluitiontotheinformationyouhaveandworkhardtobesuccessful."

Mysticmeditationhelpedreverseabusinessslidehiscompaniesexperiencedinthemid-

1980.Puttingtherightpersonsintherightjobsandgainingconfidenceinhisbusiness

decisionswerethekeystoatamingaroundthathasbrought[C8]and

profitability.Meditationhelpedhimdothesethingsright.Oneofhismanagers,Yusuf

Soemado,whostudiedbusinessadministrationatHarvardUniversity,comparedtheidea

ofmysticmanagementtowesternsystemofpositivethinking"Willpowerand[C9]

mindarcrecognizedasimportantfactorsinbusiness.Suchapproachesas

psycho-cybernelics(心理控制论),Carnegie'sthinkandgrow:hrates,orthepowerof

positivethinkingarewesternattemptstotapthesamehigher[CIO]thatwe

contactthroughmeditation,"hesaid.A)boostF)filedK)literacyB)energeticallyG)

fosterL)meditationC)exceptionH)implicitlyM)objectiveD)expansionI)indignant

N)sharpensE)expositionJ)intelligenceO)subconscious

1、[Cl]

标准答案：F

知识点角2析：动词辨析题。空格所在句主语为sixmen,空格后的and连接并列谓

语，由andsaldown可推知，空格处缺少动词作谓语。该句句意为：6个整齐地穿

着白衬衫、打着领带的人雅加达一家小公司的会议室，在长桌旁坐好。备

选动词中的filed"排成纵列行进”在含义上与句意相符，故F为正确答案。

2、[C2]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：名词辨析题。根据空格前的isno可推断，比处缺少名词作表语。结

合空格前的mysticismtouchesalmosteveryaspectoflifeinIndonesia”神秘主义几乎

涉及印尼生活的各个领域”可推知，即使在商业领域里也有神秘主义，noexception

意为“亳无例外”，故C项exception”例外，除外“符合句意，为正确答案。

3、[C3]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：动词辨析题。根据空格前的helped和之后的theprofits可推断，此处

缺少动词。结合上文的hisweeklymeditationsessionsaleaimedmainlyatbringingthe

peaceofmindthatmakesforgooddecision-making可推知，空格所在句的大意是：他

每周的冥想还使他所持有的5家公司的利润有所增加。故A项boost"促进，提高”

符合句意，为正确答案。

4、[C4]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：副词辨析题。根据空格后的动词spread可知，该空缺少副词作状

语。该句句意为：那些虔诚的商人，被称为WaliUllah或者“接近神的人”，把他们

的祈求跟爪哇当地的神秘主义相结合，他们通过这一途径一拓展商业买卖和宗教

信仰。备选副词中的energetically“积极地”符合句意，故B为正确答案。

5、[C5]

标准答案：L

知识点解析:名词辨析题。由空格前的through和之后的andfasting可知，该空缺

少与fasting并列的名词。结合下文的"BusinessmanHadisikosaidhisgroupfastsand

meditatesallnighteveryThursday...”可推知,空格处应为meditate的名词形式,故

L项meditation“冥想陷合句意，为正确答案。

6、[C6]

标准答案：M

知识点解析：形容词辨析题。根据空格前的系动词be和之后的injudgingtherisk

可推断，此处缺少形容词作表语。由上文的withthemindrelaxedandopen可推

知，在大脑放松、开放的状态下，人们做出的判断会更加客观、理性，故M项

objeciive“客观的”符合句意，为止确答案。

7、[C7]

标准答案：N

知识点。析：动词辨析题。空格前为and连接的并列主语，其后为宾语，可推断此

处缺少动词作谓语。结合句意：冥想以及与古代领袖的智慧交流可以洞察

力和直觉。备选动词中sharpens”（感觉、理解加强）；（使改善）”可以与空格后的

insightandintuition”洞察力和直觉”搭配使用，故N为正确答案。

8、[C8]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：名词辨析题。根据空格后的andprofitability可知，该空缺少与

profitability并列的名词。空格所在部分thathasbrought_______andprofitability是

修饰aturningmound“扭转局面”的定语从句，一，般情况下，扭转局需带来的除了

profitability“利润”外，还有公司的发展壮大，故D项expansion”扩张，扩大“符合

句意，为正确答案。

9、[C9]

标准答案：0

知识点解析：形容词辨析题。由空格后的名词mind可知，该空缺少形容词作定

语。上文一直在讨论meditation“冥想”，再结合本句句意“意志力和在商业

中非常重要”可知，空格前的willpower“意志力”可以与subconsciousmind“潜意识”

并列，故O项subconscious“下意识的，潜意识的”符合句意，为正确答案。

10、[C10]

标准答案：J

知识点解析：名词辨析题。由空格前的thesamehigher可知，该空缺少名词。上文

的Such叩proachesaspsycho-cybernetics（心理控制论），Carnegie'sthinkandgrowth

rates,orthepowerofpositivethinking"心理控制论、卡耐基思想和增长率、积极思

考的力量”等观点是西方开发高智能的方法，hi曲intelligence“高智商”符合句意，

故J为正确答案。

二、长篇阅读（本题共70题，每题分，共7〃分。）

TheRainforestCityA）Apatchoftropicalrainforesthastwicethenumberofmammal

species,fivetimesthebatsandbirdsandtentimesthetypesoftreesthananidentical

sizedpatchoftemperateforest.Explainingthisdiversityisextremelydifficult,butmuch

oftheanswerliesintheuniquecomplexity,productivityanddynamismoftheplace.

Thesethreefeatureshavesimultaneouslyfeduponeachothertoerectandpopulatethe

equivalentofvast,buzzingmetropolisesin（helivingworld.B）Infact,themorewelook

attherainforest,themoreweseeparallelswithacity.Justlikeacity,therainforesthas

"guilds"—groupsthatshareacommonlivelihood.Wherethecitymayhaveguildsof

locksmithsandfishmongers（鱼贩）,therainforesthasguildsofunderstoreynectar-eaters

andemergentepiphytes（附生植物）.C）And,justasalargecityottersmoreemployment

opponunities(hanasmalltown,therainforesthassignificantlymoreguilds(hanother

habitats.Thisispartlyduetoitsmorecomplexstructure-thefactthatthereisan

understoreymeansspeciescanfindalivelihoodintheunderstorey-buttherainforestis

alsoeffectivelyopenallyearandsoitoffersemploymentthatissimplynotavailablein

otherhabitats.D)AdeckchairattendantinBritainhastodooddjobsinthewinter,butin

Thailandit'sayear-roundoccupation.Similarly,noanimalcanbejustaseed-eaterinan

oakforest,becauseacornsonlyfallinautumn.Intherainforest,seedsarealwaysfalling

fromthecanopy(树冠)，andsoseed-eatingisalegitimateprofession—ithasitsown

guild.Similarly,duetotheyear-rounddemandincities,specialistssuchascarpct-

clcancrs,copywritersandcourierscanthrive,whileinasmalltown,theyarcabsent.E)

Therainforest"jobmarket"isalsoenormousasaresultofitspermanentlybooming

"economy".Innature,energyisthecurrency,andtheincredibleproductivityofthe

rainforestensuresthatthere'salwaysenoughofitaroundtoenablemillionsofspeciesto

livesidebyside.And,toavoidcompetition,naturalselectionhasmadesure(hat,even

withinaguildtherearetinydifferencesinthediets,habitatsorbehavioursofeach

member.F)Therainforestcouldthereforeberegardedasavastassociationofspecialists,

acommunityofanimalsandplantsthatplytheirownveryparticulartrade.Ininsects,the

specialisationisextreme.Mostliveononlyoneortwospeciesofplant.Onetreein

Panamawasfoundtohave163speciesofbeetlesthatwereexclusivetothattypeoftree.

G)Mostrainforestplantsprotecttheirleaveswithpoisons.Inordertoeataplant'sleaves,

(heinsectshavetoevolvetobecometoleranttoitsparticularcocktailoftoxins(毒素).

Afterthousandsofyears,mostherbivorousinsectsarecommittedtolivingon(heirhost

plantalone.H)So,everypoison-laccdrainforesttreehasawholecommunityofspecies

livingon,underandarounditthatarenotfoundanywhereelse.Thissituationisnot

uniquetotherainforest.ThesamehappensinBritain.InoakorScotspineforests,ahost

ofspeciesliveonjusttheoaktreesorScotspines.Butthefactisthatintheseforests,

virtuallyeverytreeisanoakoraScotspine.I)Whatmakestherainforestsospecial,and

sodiverse,isthatinonehectaretherecanbe300differenttypesoftrees,eachwithits

ownexclusivecommunity.Inonetractofforesttherearcthousands,andworldwidethere

couldbeupto50000canopy-trccspecies.Toaninsect,therainforestisn'tjustonejob

market,butthousandsofdifferentjobmarkets,alllocatedinthesamecity.J)This

"mosaic(组合)oftrees"isprobablythesinglemostimportantcauseofdiversityinthe

rainforest,andyetwedon'treallyunderstandhowithappens-thatis,whyyoudon't

normallyfindgrovesoftreesintherainforest.K)Itcouldbethatthe50000different

treessuit50000differenttypesofplotandthatthebesttreeforthespotexcludesallthe

others.Or,itcouldbethatallthetreesareas"good"aseachotherandthattheforestis

(rappedinanendlessgameoftick-tack-toe(三连游戏)withnoultimatewinner.Or,it

couldbethatsomespeciesarebetterthantheothersandareintheprocessoftakingover,

butbecausethisprocesswouldtakecenturies,theyneverquitemanageitbefore

somethingsuchasastormorlandslideputsthembacktosquareone.L)Butnoneof

theseexplanationsanswersasimplequestion:ifthisistruefortherainforest,whyisn'tit

trueforanoakforestinEngland?Theonlytheorythatsolvesthispuzzleisonethatlooks

backtoanimalsforananswer.Remembertheguildofsccd-catcrs?Intherainforesta

longlistofspeciesbelongstothisguild.M)Therearebeetlesandweevils(象鼻虫)，

squirrelsandmice,rats,birdsandlargermammalssuchasforestpigs,deerandtapirs.

Whenthisgangfindsatreeinfruit,theyfeastuntilvirtuallynoseedsurvives.Theonly

seedsthataresparedarethosescaiieredfarandwide,lyingaloneon(heforestfloor.1(is

theseseedsthatwillgoontocreatethenextgenerationofcanopytrees-onethat,like

thepreviousgeneration,isalsoscatteredfarandwide.N)Thisishowtheseed-eaters

mightcreateamosaicoftrees—bystoppinganyonetreefrombecomingtoocommon.It

wouldn'thappeninanEnglishoakforestbecausethereisnoguildofseed-eaters—it'snot

ayear-roundoccupation.O)Noonedoubtsthattherainforestisextremelyvaluable,but

noteveryoneseesthisvalueinthesameway.Timbermerchants,forexample,seeone

kindofvalue,andenvironmentalistsseeanother.Tomanyscientists,arainforestismost

valuablewhenleftalonetoprosperwithouthumaninterference,butwithagrowing

humanpopulation,aglobalrriarketforextractedgoodsandtheextentofpovertyaround

(heequator,anevaluationoftherainforesthas(obemorepracticalthanthis.P)Anew

breedofrainforestvaluationattemptstofitintotheaccountingbooksofnationsand

internationalorganizations.Itspeaksthelanguageofaccountants,costsboththebenefits

ofanintactrainforestandthelossesofavanishedone,worksoutaforest's"natural

capital"andassessesitscontributionto"environmentalservices".Itsgrandconclusion;

eachhectareofintactrainforestisworthabout£4500.Itmaynotsoundmuch,butthat

putsmorethan£7.5trillioninthepocketsofsomeofthemosttroubledcountrieson

Earth.Q)Sowheredoesthisfigurecomefrom?Threequartersofitrepresentsthe

uncollectedharvestofalivingrainforest.Managedsensibly,awildforestcanyieldall

sortsofsustainablecrops—timber,fruit,nuts,fibre,pulpwood,gums,resins,oils,

veneer—andtherearemanymoretreasuresin(herethatwehaven'tdiscoveredyet.At

least3000fruitsareknownfromrainforestplantcollections,butonly200oftheseare

nowinthemarketplace.Therearethousandsoftimbers,resinsandoilsthatwe'venever

analysed.R)And.perhapsmostimportantofall,therainforestisanaturalpharmacy

房).Allthosepoisonousplantsareagoldmineofpossibledrugs.Todate,lessthanone

percentofrainforestplantshavebeenexaminedformedicinaluses,buteventhistiny

percentageyieldsaquarterofallprescriptiondrugs.Estimatessuggestthatthemarket

valueofthosestillsecretedintheforestwouldruntohundredsofbillionsofpounds.S)

Theremainingquarterstemsfromthevalueofthechoresthattherainforestcarriesouton

ourbehalf-purifyingairandwaler,preventingfloodsanddrought,pollinating(授粉)

ourcrops,controllingourpests,fertilisingoursoilandreducingtheeffectsofglobal

warmingbystoringcarbon.Iftherainforestdisappears,we'llhavetopickupthetabfor

alloftheseservices,andthismeansthateachtimeahectareofforestisfelleditactually

costsusmoney.T)Whenyou'vedonethesums,therainforestisactuallyworthmore

wholethaninpieces.Eachtimeanotherhectareisremoved,humanityeffectivelytakesa

loss.Manyofusalreadyknewthis,butnowithasbeenwritteninalanguagethat

evei-yonecanunderstand.

11、More"jobopportunities'areprovidedintherainforestpartlybecauseofitsmore

complexstructure一theunderstorey.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：由题干中的"jobopportunities”和complexstructure定位到C段。细节

推理题。B段和C段将热茬雨林与城市相比较，城市里有“行会”，雨林里也有“行

会”。而只有在C段作者给出了热带雨林拥有更多“工作机会”的原因：下层林木结

构。题干中的becauseof对应原文中的dueto,故选C。

12、Thevirtualimportancecftherainforestprobablyliesinitsmedicinalvalue.

标准答案：R

知识点解析：由题干中的medicinalvalue定位到和药物有关的词汇pharmacy,即R

段第一句。同义转述题。R段第一句提到，也许最为重要的是热带雨林是一个天然

药房。题干中的medicinalvalue对应原文中的anaturalpharmacy,故选R。

Theinsectsfeedthemselvesonaparticularplantbecausetheycanonlytolerateone

kindofpoisonfromtheleaves.

标准答案：G

知识点解析：由题干中的feedthemselvesonaparticularplant定位至UG段第二、三

句“细节推理题.G段提到，雨林中的树木往往在树叶部分进化出毒素以保护自

己。而昆虫为了吃到树叶就必须进化为能够适应某种特定的毒素。儿千年后，长期

的进化就把它们固定在某种特定的树木上了。题干中的feedthemselvesona

particularplant对应原文中的arecommittedtolivingontheirhostplantalone,故选

Go

14、Onecannotfindgrovesofaparticularplantbecauseoftheworkofseed-eaters,who

usuallyeatupmostofitsseedsandonlyleavethosefarandwidetosurvive.

标准答案：M

知识点解析：由题干中的seeds>farandwide及survive定位到M段。细节归纳

题。L段提出疑问：为什么这种理论对橡树森林不成立?接着提到这主要归因于

seed-eaters<>M段详细介绍了seed-eaters对树木种子的影响，说明只有较远处的种

子才可能存活下来，从而离母树较远，长久繁衍的结果就是很难见到成片的单一树

种的树林。题干中的eatupmostofitsseeds对应原文中的feastuntilvirtuallynoseed

survives；onlyleavethosefarandwidetosurvive对应原文中的theonlyseedsthatare

sparedarethosescatteredfarandwide,故选M。

15、Oneparticularplantcannevertakeoverotherplantsaroundintherainforest.

标准答案：K

知识点解析：由题干中的takeover定位到K段第三句。细节归纳题。K段介绍了

雨林中不存在成片同种树木森林的三个猜测。其中一个猜测是：就算某些物种真的

优于其他物种而且正在代替其他物种，但是这个代替过程往往需要几百年的时间，

这期间也许就会有暴风雨或山体滑坡将它们夷为平地。题干中的nevertakeover对

应原文中的neverquitemanageil,故选K。

16、Onlyasmallproportionofthefruitsintherainforesthavebeenfetchedtothe

marketsnow.

标准答案：Q

知识点解析：由题干中的fruits和markets定位到Q段倒数第二句。同义转述题。

由定位句可知，雨林中至少有3000种水果，而只有200种在市场上销售。题干中

的onlyasmallproportion对应原文中的only200ofthese,故选Q。

17、Duetothediversityoftreesintherainforest,aninsectcouldenjoymanydifferent

jobmarketsin（hesamecity.

标准答案：I

知识点解析：由题干中的thediversityoftrees及differentiobmarkets定位到I段第

一句和第三句。细节归纳题。定位部分提到，热带雨林如此不同的原因是，在同一

片雨林中有多种树木，对于昆虫来说，一片热带雨林相当于多个就业市场，而且都

在同一座城市中。题干中fttthediversityoftrees对应原文中的300differenttypesof

trees；manydifferentjobmarketsinthesamecity对应原文中的thousandsofdifferent

jobmarkets,alllocatedinthesamecity,故选I。

18、Everybodymaintainsthattherainforestisquiteinvaluable,butvaluesitindifferent

ways.

标准答案：O

知识点解析：由题干中的valuesitindifferentways定位到O段第一句。同义转述

题。。段主要谈论的是，不同职业的人们如何看待热带雨林的价值。题十是对定位

句的同义转述，题干中的valuesnindifferentways对应原文中的noteveryonesees

thisvalueinthesameway,故选0。

19、Withouttherainforest,wewillhavetopayformanychargesinvisiblenow.

标准答案：S

知识点解析：由题干中的withouttherainforest及payfor定位到S段最后一句。同

义转述题。定位句提到，如果雨林消失，我们将不得不亲自为所有雨林提供的服务

付费，也就是说，每当有一公顷的森林被砍伐时，实际上都花费着我们的金钱。题

干中的without对应原文中的disappears；payfor对应原文中的pickupthetabfor,

故选S。

20、The"jobmarket"oftherainforestisalwaysbustlingbecauseofenoughfoodsupply.

标准答案：E

知识点解析：由题干中的“jobmarket”及enoughfoodsupply定位到E段前两句。细

节归纳题。E段提到，热带雨林的“就业市场”很大，在自然界，能量就是货币，热

带雨林的生产力保证了所有物种的生存。题干中的enoughfoodsupply与原文中的

there'salwaysenoughofitaroundtoenablemillionsofspeciestolivesidebyside相对

应，故选E。

三、仔细阅读（本题共10题，每题分，共10分。）

Robabankandyouriskalongstretchinjail.Runabankwhosedubiousbehaviorleads

（oglobaleconomiccollapseandyourisknothingofthesort,morelikelyahandsome

pay-off.Illegalanddangerousmistakesassociatedwiththefinancialindustryhave

causedseriousharmtotheUSandworldeconomies.Thescandalskeepcoming—rate

rigging,moneylaundering,mis-sellingandsanctionsbusting.Thebacklash（反对）

againsttheindustryshowsnosignofeasing.Sogiventhescaleofdamageandpublic

anger,fuelledbytheindustrysbonusculture,i（iscuriousthatthoseresponsiblehave

largelyavoidedpunishmentinthetraditionaljudicialsense,despitethedemandforit.

Thatwesowantthoseinvolvedtogettheirjustdesertshasitsrootsinancienthuman

formsofsocialcontrol,whichledtoourmodernsenseofmorality.Intheirfundamental,

hunler-gathererforms,crimeandpunishmentsurelygobackfortensofmillennia（千年）.

Thecasehasbeenmadethatby45000yearsago,orpossiblyearlier,peoplewere

practicingmoralistic（道教的）socialcontrolmuchaswedo.Withoutexception,

investigatorsthatstillexisttodayandbestreflectthisancientwayoflifeexertaggressive

watchovertheirpeersforthegoodofthegroup.Economicvillainsaremainlybullies

whousethreatsorforcetobenefitthemselves,alongwiththievesandcheats.Allare

free-riderswhotakewithoutgiving,andallarepunishedbythegroup.Thiscanrange

frommerecriticismorostracism（放逐）toactiveshaming,ejectionorevencapital

punishment.Thismoralbehaviorwasreinforcedover（hemillennia（hatsuchegalitarian

（平等主义的）bandsdominatedhumanlife.Thenaround12000yearsago,larger,still

egalitariansedentary（定居的）iribesarrivedwithgreaterneedsforcentralizedcontrol.

Eventuallyclustersoftribesformedauthoritativechiefdoms.Nextcameearly

civilizations,withcentrallyprescribedandpowerfullyenforcedmoralorders.Onething

tiedtheseandmodern,state-basedmoralsystemstowhatcamebeforeandthatwasthe

humancapacityformoralindignation.Itremainsstrongtoday.Sothereisaninevitable

discontentmentwhenbankersseemto“gsiawaywithit”,offendingthisinstinctivemoral

correctivesense.Andultimately,suchpublicopinionshouldstronglyinfluencehowwc

policefiscaldeviants——buttherearecomplicatingfactorsthatsuggestthisinstinctis

beingunderminedwhenitcomestotamingthemostharmfulbehaviorinthebanking

world.

21、Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutapersonwhorunsabank?

A^Heisusuallyrewarded.

B、Heusuallyendsupinprison.

C、Heissometimesinvolvedinscandals.

D、Heislesslikelytobepunishedforhismistakes.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由题干关键词runsabank定位到第一段第二句。推理判断题。由定

位句可知，管理一家银行，即使这家银行的冒险行为导致全球经济崩溃，你却不必

因此而承担风险，相反你很有可能会得到一份丰厚的薪水。因此他不太可能因

其失误而受到惩罚''与原文意思相符，故为正确答案。

22、Accordingtothepassage,whyarethepublicangrywiththefinancialindustry?

A^Becausepeopleinithavemadetoomanymistakes.

B、BecauseithascausedseriousharmtotheUSandworldeconomies.

C、Becausepeoplemakingseriousmistakesinitarenotpunishedbutrewarded.

D^Becausetoomanyscandalsinitarcknowntothepublic.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：由题T关键证thepublicangrywith（hefinancialindustry定位到第三

段。推理判断题。由定位段可知，虽然其行为造成的损声巨大，核产业的分红文化

更使得公众的愤怒火上浇油，但奇怪的是，那些责任人却常常能够避开传统司法意

义上的惩罚。因此C,,因为在金融业中，那些犯过严里错误的人并没有受到惩罚，

相反却得到了奖励''与原文意思相符，故为正确答案。

23Whobenefitthemostfromthemeresupervisionprovidedbyinvestigators?

A、Thegroupofpeopleasawhole.

B、Thosewhoareundersupervision.

C、Thosewhoconductthesupervision.

D^Thebadguysinthesocialgroup.

标准答案：A'

知识点解析：由题干关键词meresupervision和investigators定位到第六段第一句。

推理判断题。由定位句可知，审查者为了维护群体的利益而向他们的同伴实施强有

力的监视，因此A“整个群体”最符合题意，故为正确答案。

24、Thephrase"getawaywithit"inParagraph9mostprobablymeans.

A、torunawaywithmoney

B、toescapepunishmentfortheirmistakes

C、tobeindifferenttothepublic'sprotest

D、tobeunabletodealwiththeirmistakes

标准答案：B

知识点解析:由题干关键词“getawaywithit”inParagraph9定位到第九段。语义理

解题。由定位段可知，当银行家们好像不会因为其过错而受到任何惩罚时，必然会

引起公众而此的不满。再结合文章首段的内容：抢劫银行，你将面临长期的牢狱之

灾，而管理一家银行，即使这家银行的冒险行为导致全球经济崩溃，你却不必因此

而承担风险……，可推测这里的getawaywithit表示“逃脱惩罚”的意思。因此

B“不因其过错而受到惩罚”最符合文意，故为正确答案。

25、Theauthor^attitudetowardstheeffectivenessoftheinstinctofmoralstandards

is.

A、positive

B、indifferent

C、disappointed

D、objective

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由题干关键词instinct和moralstandards定位到最后一段。观点态度

题。定位段提到，一些复杂的I大I素表明，在抑制金融界那些最具破坏力的行为的过

程中，这种本能正在受到破坏。因此作者对道德标准的本能态度既肯定其有用的方

面。又指出其潜在的风险，作者的态度比较客观，故D为正确答案。

Overthepastdecade,Americancompanieshavetriedhardtofindwaystodiscourage

seniormanagersfromfeatheringtheirownnestsattheexpenseoftheirshareholders.The

threemostpopularreformshavebeenrecruitingmoreoutsidedirectorsinordertomake

boardsmoreindependent,linkingbosses'paytovariousperformancemeasure,and

givingbossesshareoptionssothattheyhavethesamelong-terminterestsastheir

shareholders.ThesereformshavebeenwidelyadoptedbyAmerica'slargercompanies,

andsurveyssuggestthatmanymorecompaniesarethinkingoffollowingtheirlead.But

havetheydoneanygood?ThreepaperspresentedattheannualmeetingoftheAcademy

ofManagementinBostonthisweeksuggestnot.Asisusuallythecasewithboardroom

tinkering,theconsequenceshavedifferedfromthoseintended.Startwiththose

independentboards.Onthefaceofit,dismissingtheboss'sfriendsfromtheboardand

replacingthemwithoutsiderslooksaperfectwaytomakeseniormanagersmore

accountable.ButthatisnottheconclusionofastudybyProfessorJamesWestphal.

Instead,hefound(hatbosseswithaboardroomfullofoutsidersspendmuchoftheirtime

buildingalliances,doingpersonalfavorsandgenerallypleasing(heoutsiders.Alltoo

often,theseseductionssucceed.Mr.Westphalfoundthat,(oaremarkabledegree,

"independent"boardspursuestrategiesthatarelikelytofavorseniormanagersrather

thanshareholders.Suchcompaniesdiversifytheirbusiness,increasethepayof

executivesandweakenthelinkbetweenpayandperformance.Toassesstheimpactof

performancerelatedpay,Mr.Westphalaskedthebossesof103companieswithsalesof

over$1billionwhatmeasurementswereusedtodeterminetheirpay.Themeasurements

variedwidely,rangingfromsalestoearningspershare.Buttheresearcher'sbigdiscovery