2025-2026年护理专业英语词汇测试题库

2025-2026年护理专业英语词汇测试题库一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1.Inapostoperativecaresetting,thenurseneedstoadministermedicationtoapatientwithanewprescription.Whichtermcorrectlydescribesthemedicationthatreducesinflammationandpainbyblockingtheproductionofprostaglandins?A.AcetaminophenB.IbuprofenC.MorphineD.Diazepam2.Whenassessingapatient’srespiratorystatus,thenurseobservesthatthepatientisusingaccessorymusclestobreathe.Whichtermbestdescribesthisobservation?A.TachypneaB.BradypneaC.OrthopneaD.Stridor3.Anurseiseducatingapatientabouttheimportanceofhandhygieneinpreventinghospital-acquiredinfections.Whichtermreferstotheactofrubbinghandstogetherwithsoapandwaterforatleast20seconds?A.HandwashingB.HandrubbingC.Hand消毒D.Handsanitizing4.Inapediatricward,anurseispreparingtoadministeravaccinetoachild.Whichtermreferstotheprocessofdestroyingorinactivatingapathogentocreateavaccine?A.AttenuationB.InoculationC.ImmunizationD.Vaccination5.Anurseiscaringforapatientwithadiagnosisofdiabetesmellitus.Whichtermdescribestheprocessbywhichthebodyconvertsglucoseintoenergy?A.GlycolysisB.GluconeogenesisC.GlycogenolysisD.Lipolysis6.Whenanurseisperformingaphysicalexamination,theterm"palpation"referstowhichaction?A.Listeningtothepatient’sheartwithastethoscopeB.Feelingthepatient’sabdomenwiththehandsC.Lookingatthepatient’sskinwithalightD.Measuringthepatient’sbloodpressurewithasphygmomanometer7.Anurseiscaringforapatientwitharespiratorydisorder.Whichtermdescribestheconditionwheretheairwaysnarrowduetoinflammationormuscleconstriction?A.AsthmaB.EmphysemaC.PneumoniaD.Bronchitis8.Inasurgicalward,anurseispreparingapatientforanesthesia.Whichtermreferstothetemporarylossofsensationinaspecificareaofthebody?A.AnesthesiaB.AnalgesiaC.NumbnessD.Sedation9.Anurseiseducatingapatientabouttheimportanceofabalanceddiet.Whichtermreferstotheprocessbywhichthebodyabsorbsnutrientsfromfood?A.DigestionB.AbsorptionC.MetabolismD.Excretion10.Whenanurseisassessingapatient’smentalstatus,theterm"delirium"referstowhichcondition?A.MemorylossB.ConfusionC.HallucinationsD.Dementia二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）1.Thenurseisadministeringamedicationtoapatientwithaurinarytractinfection.Themedicationbelongstotheclassofdrugsthatkillsbacteriabyinhibitingthesynthesisofbacterialcellwalls.Thegenericnameofthismedicationis________.2.Whenapatientisexperiencingdifficultybreathing,thenursenotesthatthepatient’srespiratoryrateis40breathsperminute.Thisconditionisreferredtoas________.3.Thenurseisperformingaskinassessmentandnoticesthatthepatient’sskinisdryandflaky.Thisconditionisknownas________.4.Anurseiscaringforapatientwithadiagnosisofhypertension.Thetermusedtodescribehighbloodpressureis________.5.Thenurseiseducatingapatientabouttheimportanceofmaintainingahealthyweight.Excessbodyfat,especiallyaroundtheabdomen,isreferredtoas________.6.Whenapatientisreceivingchemotherapy,thenursemonitorsforsideeffectssuchasnauseaandvomiting.Thesesideeffectsareoftenreferredtoas________.7.Thenurseispreparingtoadministerabloodtransfusiontoapatient.Theprocessofintroducingbloodorbloodproductsintothebodyiscalled________.8.Anurseiscaringforapatientwithadiagnosisofosteoporosis.Thisconditionischaracterizedbyadecreaseinbonedensity,makingbonesmorefragileandpronetofractures.Thetermusedtodescribethisconditionis________.9.Thenurseisassessingapatient’spainlevelandusestheterm"analgesis"todescribethereliefofpain.10.Whenapatientisunabletospeakorcommunicate,thenursemayusetheterm"aphasia"todescribethiscondition.三、判断题（每题2分，共20分）1.Theterm"hypotension"referstolowbloodpressure,whichmaycausedizzinessandfainting.(True/False)2.Theterm"tachycardia"referstoafastheartrate,whichistypicallydefinedasmorethan100beatsperminute.(True/False)3.Theterm"bradycardia"referstoaslowheartrate,whichistypicallydefinedaslessthan60beatsperminute.(True/False)4.Theterm"edema"referstotheswellingofbodytissuesduetotheaccumulationoffluid.(True/False)5.Theterm"jaundice"referstotheyellowingoftheskinandeyesduetohighlevelsofbilirubinintheblood.(True/False)6.Theterm"leukemia"referstoatypeofcancerthataffectsthebloodandbonemarrow.(True/False)7.Theterm"myocardialinfarction"referstoaheartattack,whichoccurswhenthebloodsupplytotheheartmuscleisblocked.(True/False)8.Theterm"hypertension"referstohighbloodpressure,whichmayincreasetheriskofheartdiseaseandstroke.(True/False)9.Theterm"osteoporosis"referstoaconditionwherebonesbecomeweakandbrittle,increasingtheriskoffractures.(True/False)10.Theterm"sepsis"referstoalife-threateningconditioncausedbythebody’sresponsetoaninfection.(True/False)四、简答题（每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"anesthesia"and"analgesia"inthecontextofpatientcare.2.Describethepurposeofhandhygieneinpreventinghospital-acquiredinfections.3.Explaintheroleofanurseinadministeringmedicationstopatients.4.Describethesignsandsymptomsofaurinarytractinfection.5.Explaintheimportanceofmaintainingabalanceddietforpatientswithdiabetesmellitus.6.Describetheprocessofimmunizationanditsroleinpreventinginfectiousdiseases.7.Explainthepurposeofaphysicalexaminationinassessingapatient’shealthstatus.8.Describetheroleofanurseineducatingpatientsabouttheirhealthconditions.五、应用题（每题4分，共24分）1.Anurseiscaringforapatientwithadiagnosisofasthma.Thepatientisexperiencingdifficultybreathingandhasawheezingsound.Describethestepsthenurseshouldtaketoassessandmanagethepatient’scondition.2.Anurseispreparingtoadministeravaccinetoachild.Describethestepsthenurseshouldtaketoensurethevaccineisadministeredsafelyandeffectively.3.Anurseiscaringforapatientwithadiagnosisofdiabetesmellitus.Thepatient’sbloodglucoselevelis300mg/dL.Describethestepsthenurseshouldtaketomanagethepatient’scondition.4.Anurseisassessingapatient’sskinandnoticesthatthepatient’sskinisdryandflaky.Describethestepsthenurseshouldtaketoassessandmanagethepatient’scondition.5.Anurseiscaringforapatientwhoisexperiencingnauseaandvomitingafterreceivingchemotherapy.Describethestepsthenurseshouldtaketomanagethepatient’ssymptoms.6.Anurseispreparingtoadministerabloodtransfusiontoapatient.Describethestepsthenurseshouldtaketoensurethebloodtransfusionisadministeredsafelyandeffectively.【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.B.Ibuprofen-解析：Ibuprofenisanonsteroidalanti-inflammatorydrug(NSAID)thatreducesinflammationandpainbyblockingtheproductionofprostaglandins.Acetaminophenisananalgesicbutnotananti-inflammatorydrug.Morphineisanopioidanalgesic,anddiazepamisabenzodiazepineusedforanxietyandmusclespasms.2.C.Orthopnea-解析：Orthopneareferstothedifficultybreathingwhenlyingflat,whichisoftenseeninpatientswithheartfailure.Tachypneaisrapidbreathing,bradypneaisslowbreathing,andstridorisahigh-pitchedsoundduringbreathing,oftenduetoairwayobstruction.3.A.Handwashing-解析：Handwashingreferstotheactofrubbinghandstogetherwithsoapandwaterforatleast20secondstoremovepathogens.Handrubbingisalessrigorousmethod,hand消毒isaChinesetermforhandwashing,andhandsanitizingreferstousingalcohol-basedhandsanitizer.4.D.Vaccination-解析：Vaccinationinvolvestheadministrationofavaccinetostimulatethebody’simmuneresponseagainstaspecificpathogen.Attenuationreferstoweakeningapathogen,inoculationistheactofintroducingasubstanceintothebody,andimmunizationistheprocessofbecomingimmune.5.A.Glycolysis-解析：Glycolysisistheprocessbywhichglucoseisbrokendownintoenergy(ATP)intheabsenceofoxygen.Gluconeogenesisistheprocessofcreatingglucosefromnon-carbohydratesources,glycogenolysisisthebreakdownofglycogenintoglucose,andlipolysisisthebreakdownoffatsintoenergy.6.B.Feelingthepatient’sabdomenwiththehands-解析：Palpationistheactoffeelingortouchingthepatient’sbodywiththehandstoassessforabnormalities.Listeningtotheheartwithastethoscopeisauscultation,lookingattheskinisinspection,andmeasuringbloodpressureisauscultation.7.A.Asthma-解析：Asthmaisachronicrespiratorydisordercharacterizedbyinflammationandnarrowingoftheairways.Emphysemaisdamagetothealveoli,pneumoniaisaninfectionofthelungs,andbronchitisisinflammationofthebronchi.8.C.Numbness-解析：Numbnessreferstothetemporarylossofsensationinaspecificareaofthebody,oftenduetoalocalanesthetic.Anesthesiaisagenerallossofsensation,analgesiaispainrelief,andsedationisastateofdrowsiness.9.B.Absorption-解析：Absorptionistheprocessbywhichnutrientsfromfoodaretransferredintothebloodstream.Digestionisthebreakdownoffood,metabolismisthechemicalprocessesinthebody,andexcretionistheremovalofwasteproducts.10.B.Confusion-解析：Deliriumisastateofconfusionandalteredmentalstatus,oftenseenincriticallyillpatients.Memorylossisamnesia,hallucinationsaresensoryperceptionswithoutexternalstimuli,anddementiaisachronicdeclineincognitivefunction.二、填空题1.Amoxicillin-解析：Amoxicillinisapenicillin-classantibioticthatinhibitsbacterialcellwallsynthesis,effectivelykillingbacteria.2.Hyperventilation-解析：Hyperventilationreferstorapidbreathing,whichcancausedizzinessandlightheadedness.3.Xerosis-解析：Xerosisisthemedicaltermfordry,flakyskin.4.Hypertension-解析：Hypertensionisthemedicaltermforhighbloodpressure.5.Obesity-解析：Obesityisthemedicaltermforexcessbodyfat,whichcanincreasetheriskofhealthproblems.6.Chemotherapy-inducednauseaandvomiting(CINV)-解析：CINVreferstothesideeffectsofchemotherapy,includingnauseaandvomiting.7.Transfusion-解析：Transfusionistheprocessofintroducingbloodorbloodproductsintothebloodstream.8.Osteoporosis-解析：Osteoporosisisthemedicaltermfordecreasedbonedensity,makingbonesfragileandpronetofractures.9.Analgesia-解析：Analgesisisthemedicaltermforpainrelief.10.Aphasia-解析：Aphasiaisthemedicaltermfortheinabilitytospeakorcommunicateduetobraindamage.三、判断题1.True-解析：Hypotensionislowbloodpressure,whichcancausedizzinessandfainting.2.True-解析：Tachycardiaisafastheartrate,typicallydefinedasmorethan100beatsperminute.3.True-解析：Bradycardiaisaslowheartrate,typicallydefinedaslessthan60beatsperminute.4.True-解析：Edemaistheswellingofbodytissuesduetofluidaccumulation.5.True-解析：Jaundiceistheyellowingoftheskinandeyesduetohighbilirubinlevels.6.True-解析：Leukemiaisatypeofcancerthataffectsthebloodandbonemarrow.7.True-解析：Myocardialinfarctionisaheartattackcausedbyblockedbloodsupplytotheheartmuscle.8.True-解析：Hypertensionishighbloodpressure,whichincreasestheriskofheartdiseaseandstroke.9.True-解析：Osteoporosisisaconditionwherebonesbecomeweakandbrittle,increasingfracturerisk.10.True-解析：Sepsisisalife-threateningconditioncausedbythebody’sresponsetoaninfection.四、简答题1.Differencebetween"anesthesia"and"analgesia"-Anesthesiareferstothelossofsensationinaspecificareaofthebody,oftenusedduringsurgerytopreventpain.Itcanbelocal(affectingasmallarea)orgeneral(affectingtheentirebody).-Analgesiareferstopainrelief,whichcanbepartialorcomplete.Analgesicsaremedicationsusedtoreducepainwithoutcausingunconsciousness.2.Purposeofhandhygiene-Handhygieneiscrucialinpreventinghospital-acquiredinfectionsbyremovingpathogensfromthehands.Thisreducesthespreadofbacteria,viruses,andfungi,protectingpatientsandhealthcareworkers.3.Roleofanurseinadministeringmedications-Anurse’sroleincludesverifyingthemedicationorder,checkingforallergies,preparingandadministeringthemedication,monitoringforsideeffects,anddocumentingtheadministration.4.Signsandsymptomsofaurinarytractinfection-Commonsignsandsymptomsincludepainduringurination,frequenturination,cloudyorbloodyurine,andpelvicpaininwomen.5.Importanceofabalanceddietfordiabetesmellitus-Abalanceddiethelpscontrolbloodglucoselevels,reducingtheriskofcomplicationssuchashyperglycemiaandhypoglycemia.Italsosupportsoverallhealthandenergylevels.6.Processofimmunization-Immunizationinvolvesadministeringavaccinetostimulatetheimmunesystemtorecognizeandfightspecificpathogens.Thisprovidesimmunityagainstinfectiousdiseases.7.Purposeofaphysicalexamination-Aphysicalexaminationhelpsassessapatient’shealthstatusbyevaluatingvitalsigns,checkingforabnormalities,andidentifyingpotentialhealthproblems.8.Roleofanurseinpatienteducation-Anurseeducatespatientsabouttheirhealthconditions,treatmentplans,andself-carestrategiestopromotebetterhealthoutcomesandadherencetotreatment.五、应用题1.Managingapatientwithasthma-Assessment:Checkrespiratoryrate,oxygensaturation