大学英语六级模拟试卷311

大学英语六级模拟试卷311

一、作文(本题共/题，每题上0分，共1分。)

1、Directions:Forthispart,youarcallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthe

topicKnowledgeandMaster'sDegree?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowing

theoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.目前,社会上读硕士学位班的人很多2.你对此

现象的看法3.总结全文

标准答案：KnowledgeandMaster'sDegreeThereisagrowingtendencytheseyears

fbrpeopletopursueamastersdegree.Theyclaimthatamaster'sdegreestandsformore

knowledgeandthatmostcompaniesarcinclinedtoemploypeoplewithamaster's

degree.Itseemstopromiseabrightfuture.However,1findithardtoagreewithit.The

followingarethereasonsfbrmypersonalinclination.Foronething,amaster'sdegree

doesnotnecessarilyequaltoprofoundknowledge.Knowledgecomesfromhardworkor

evendevotion(oacertainfield.Timewell-spentoncampuswilllead(oaharvestin

knowledge,butwhatifthedegree-pursuerisbynomeansaknowledgepursuer?For

another,talentedpeoplewithoutamaster'sorevenabachelor'sdegreecangain

tremendoussuccessinthesociety.RillGatesisacaseinpointandthisisalsothereason

whysomebluecollarswithexpertisewinthefavorofalotofmulti-nationalcompanies.

Toconclude,knowledgeisaperson'smostpreciousriches,andpeoplearejudgedmore

bytheirknowledgeratherthanbytheirdegree.

知识点解析：本文第一段以Thereisagrowingtendencytheseyears开头指出现象，

用Theyclaimthat...andthat...稍加叙述，简洁明了；然后用However,Ifindithard

toagreewithit.Thefollowingarethereasonsformypersonalinclination.提出自己的

观点，过渡到第二段。第二段通过举例法等Foronething...but...Foranother...acase

inpoint…详细论证了自己的观点。最后结尾段用Toconclude,...表达了自己的观

点，总结全文。

二、快速阅读理解(本题共10题，每题分，共70

分。)

HealthHealthcouldbedefinedtheoreticallyintermsofcertainmeasuredvalues;for

example,apersonhavingnormalbodytemperature,pulseandbreathingrates,blood

pressure,height,weight,acui:yofvision,sensitivityofhearing,andothernormal

measurablecharacteristicsmightbetermedhealthy.Butwhatdoesnormalmeanandhow

isitestablished?Itiswell-knownthatif(hetemperaturesare:akenofalargenumberof

active,presumablyhealthy,individualsthetemperatureswillallcomecloseto

98.6°F(37℃).Thegreatpreponderanceofthesevalueswillfallbetween98.4°Fand98°F.

Thushealthcouldinpartbedefinedashavingatemperaturewithinthisnarrowrange.

Similarly,anormalrangecanbeestablishedforpulse,bloodpressure,andheight.In

somehealthyindividuals,however,thebodytemperaturemayrangebelow98.4°For

above98.8°F.Theselowandhightemperaturesfalloutsidethelimitsdefinedaboveas

normalandarcinstancesofbiologicalvariability.Healthmightbetterbedefinedasthe

abilitytofunctioneffectivelyincompleteharmonywithone'senvironment.Impliedin

suchadefinitionisthecapabilityofmeetingphysically,emotionally,andmentally—the

ordinarystressesoflife.Inthisdefinitionhealthisinterpretedintermsoftheindividual's

environment.Healthtotheconstructionworkerwouldhaveadimensiondifferentfrom

health(o(hebookkeeper.Thehealthyconstructionworkerexpects(obeabletodo

manuallabourallday,whilethebookkeeper,althoughperlecllycapableofperforming

hisownsedentarywork,wouldbetotallyincapableofsuchheavylabourandindeed

mightcollapsefromthephysicalstrain;yetbothindividualsmightbetermedcompletely

healthyintermsoftheirownwayoflife.Thetermphysicalfitness,althoughfrequently

used,isalsoexceedinglydifficulttodefine.Ingeneralitreferstothestateofoptimal

maintenanceofmuscularstrength,properfunctionoftheinternalorgans,andyouthful

vigour.Thechampionathletepreparedtocopenotonlywiththecommonplacestressesof

lifebutalsowiththeunusualillustratestheconceptofphysicalfitness.Tobeingood

physicalconditionistohavetheabilitytoswimamiletosaveone'slifeortosloghome

throughsnowdriftswhenacarbreaksdowninastorm.Someexpertsinfitnessinsistthat

thestateofhealthrequiresthattheindividualbeinprimephysicalcondition.Theyprefer

todividethespectrumofhealthanddiseaseinto(1)health,(2)absenceofdisease,and

(3)disease.Intheirview,(hosewhoarenotinprimeconditionandarenotphysicallyfit

cannotheconsideredashealthymerelybecausetheyhavenodisease.Healthyinvolves

more(hanphysicalfitness,sinceilalsoimpliesmentalandemotionalwell-being.Should

(heangry,frustrated,emotionallyunstablepersoninexcellentphysicalconditionbe

calledhealthy?Certainlyhecouldnotbecharacterizedaseffectivelyfunctioningin

completeharmonywithhisenvironment.Indeed,suchanindividualisincapableofgood

judgmentandrationalresponse.Health,then,isnotmerelythsabsenceofillnessor

diseasebutinvolvestheabilitytofunctioninharmonywithone'senvironmentandto

meettheusualandsometimesunusualdemandsofdailylife.Thedefinitionsofillness

anddiseaseareequallydifficultproblems.Despitethefactthatthesetermsareoftenused

interchangeably,illnessisnottoheequatedwithdisease.Apersonmayhaveadisease

formanyyearswithoutevenbeingawareofitspresence.Althoughheisdiseased,heis

notiii.Similarly,thediabeticpersonwhohasknowndiseaseandhasreceivedadequate

insulintreatmentisnotill.Thecancervictimisoftentotallyunawareofhisdisorderand

isnotilluntilafterlongyearsofgrowthoftheturnout,duringwhichtimeitcausesno

symptoms.The(ermillnessimpliesdiscomfortorinabilitytofunctionoptimally.Hence

itisasubjectivestateoflackofwellbeingproducedbydisease.Regrettably,many

diseasesremainsubmergedforlongyearsbeforetheyproducediscomfortorimpair

functionand,thus,escapedetectionandpossiblecure.Disease,definedasanydeviation

fromnormalformandfunction,maybetrivialif(hedeviationisminimal.Aminorskin

infectionmightbeconsideredtrivial,forexample.Ontheeyelid,however,suchan

infectioncouldproduceconsiderablediscomfortorillness.Anydeparturefromthestate

ofhealth,then,isadisease,whetherhealthbemeasuredinthetheoretictermsofnormal

measuredvaluesorinthemorepragmatictermsofabilitytofunctioneffectivelyin

harmonywithone'senvironment.Healthisnotastaticconditionbutrepresentsafluid

rangeofphysicalandemotionalwell-beingcontinuallysubjected(ointernalandexternal

challengessuchasworry,overwork,varyingexternaltemperatures,bacteria,andviruses.

Theseconstantlychangingconditionsrequiretheadjustmentofthefunctionofthe

varioussystemswithinthebody.Mechanismsarccontinuallyatworktomaintaina

constantinternalenvironment.Themaintenanceofthisrelativelyconstantinternal

environmentisknownashomeostasis(体内平衡).Bacteria,viruses,andother

microbiologicagentsareobviouschallengestohealth.Thebodyisable,toaconsiderable

extent,toprotectitselfandadjusttochallenges,and,totheextentthatitissuccessful,the

stateofhealthismaintained.Whilehealthisoftenthoughtofasfragileandsubjectto

manyevils,itis,infact,aruggedlyguardedstateprotectedbyahostofinternal

mechanisms.Fewmachinesmadebymancouldtoleratetheabuseheapedonthehuman

bodyandstillbecapableoffunctioning.Someofthemechanismsvitaltothe

maintenanceofhealthinclude(1)themaintenanceoftheinternalenvironment—i.e.,

homeostasis;(2)adaptationtostresssituations;(3)defenseagainstmicrobiologicagents,

suchasbacteriaandviruses;(4)repairandregenerationofdamaged(issueorceils;and

(5)clothingoftheblood(opreventexcessivebleeding.Despitetheseseparate

considerations,thecommonalityofpurpose一thepreservationandmaintenanceof

health一mustnotbelostsigh:of.Insofaraseachofthesemechanismsworkstomaintain

aconstantinternalenvironment,itcanbeconsideredasahomeostaticmechanism.

2、Themajorfunctionsimportantinthemaintenanceofhomeostasisarefluidand

electrolyte(电解质)balance,acid-baseregulation,thermoregulation,andmetabolic

control.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章没有提及保持体内平衡的主要因素是人体内部液体和电解质的平

衡、酸碱度调节、体温调节以及新陈代谢的控制。

3、Anormalrangehasbeenestablishedforbodytemperature,bloodpressure,pulse,

height,etc.forhealth.

A>Y

B,N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章第一自然段讲述此点。

4、Accordingtosomeexpertsinfitnessthosewhohavenodiseasearchealthy.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章第三自然段最后三句说明此点。一些健康专家认为无病的人并非

一定是健康的人。

5、Healthmightbedefinedastheabilitytofunctioneffectivelyinmeetingphysical,

emotional,andmentalstressesoflife.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章第二自然段第一、第二句说明此点。tofunctioneffeclivelyin

completeharmonywithone'senvironment艮口是tofunctioneffectivelyinmeeting

physical,emotional,andmenialstressesoflife.

6、Exceptforphysicalfitness,healthalsoinvolves

标准答案：menialandemotionalwell-being

知识点解析：文章第四自然段第一句说明此点。人体健康涉及生理、心理及感情三

方面的健康。

7、Diseasemayeitherbeassociatedwithillnessorbe

标准答案：submerged

知识点解析：文章第五自然段最后两句说明此点。遗憾的是许多疾病在爆发前处于

隐性状态，从而错过了检验和治愈的可能。

8、Altogethertherearemechanismsessentialtothemaintenanceofhealth.

标准答案：five

知识点解析：文章第九自然段第一句说明此点。一共有五种机制。

9、Thehumanbodyisabletoprotectitselfandadjusttochallengesof.

标准答案：bacteria,virusesandothermicrobiologicalagents

知识点解析：文章第八自然段第一、第二句说明此点。

10、isthemaintenanceoftherelativelyconstantinternalenvironmentofthe

body.

标准答案：Homeostasis

知识点解析；文章第七自然段最后一句说明此点。此句是对体内平衡一词的解释。

11Anyminimaldeviationfromnormalformandfunctionmaybe.

标准答案：trivialdisease

知识点解析：文章第六自然段第一句说明此点。任何对于人体健康常态的偏差均被

定义为疾病，而些微的偏差可能是小病。

三、听力短对话（本题共8题，每题上0分，共8分。）

12、

A、Onestudentreceivedahighergradethanhedid.

B、Hewillhavetotakeanumberofexamslater.

C、Thetestismoredifficultthanheexpected.

D、Severalstudentsinhisclasshavereceivedlop*grade.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、

A^Takeabreak.

B、Gotowork.

C、Dotheotherproblems.

D、Keeptrying.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、

A、Theyaretoomanyandshecan'lreadthemall.

B、Theyarctooboringtoread.

C、Shefeelstootiredtoreadanyhooks.

D^Theyaretooheavyforhertocarry.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、

A、Cleanair.

B、Friendlyfolks.

C、Freshness.

D^Peacefulsurroundings.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

16、

A^Hedoesn'tthinkitnecessarytorefuelthecar.

B、Hecanmanagetogetthegasolinetheyneed.

C、Hehopesthewomanwillhelphimselectafuel.

Hethinksitisdifficulttogetfuelforthecar.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、

A^Theythinkcinemasaretoofarawayfromtheirhome.

B、Theyaredisappointedwiththefilmsproducedthesedays.

C>Theybothdislikefilmsaboutadventurestories.

D^Theybothliketheideaofgoingtothecinemaatnight.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、

A^Theapplicationshouldbewell-written.

B、Theapplicationshouldhavebeensentassoonaspossible.

C、Theapplicationwillcertainlybringhimgreatprofit.

D、Theapplicationcanhelphimgetthatgoodjob.

标准答案：B

知识点解析；暂无解析

19、

A^It'snotimportanthowhedances.

B、It'stoocrowdedtodanceanyway.

C、Ifhe'scareful,noonewillnotice.

D、Nooneknowsthestepstothedance.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

四、听力长对话（含3小题）（本题共3题，每题7.0

分,共3分。）

20、

A、She'sunabletoattendthestudysession.

B、Shehasseenadoctorrecently.

C、She'sconcernedaboutmedicalcare.

D^Shementionstheneedforsomemedicaltests.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

21、

A、Toimprovethestudyskillsofuniversitystudents.

B、Tosuggestchangesin（hestudentgovernment.

C、Togivepeopletheopportunitytospeakwithapolitician.

D^Todiscussgraduationrequirementsforpoliticalsciencemajors.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

22、

A^Graduateschoolapplicationprocedures.

B、Fundingforuniversityeducation.

C、Winningtheconfidenceofvoters.

D、Preparingforanimportanttest.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

五、听力长对话（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题1.0

分，共4分。）

23、

A、Receptive.

B、Friendly.

C、Impulsive.

D、Brave.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：选项都是用来修饰品质特点的形容词。从Ihemostreserved...

unreceptive,...unfriendly...Englishqualities—...courage…可以得知应该是brave.

24、

A、France.

B、Italy.

C、Germany.

D、America.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：选项都是国家。从aGermanlikeme可以得知Johnny来自德国。

25、

A^Reading.

B、Writing.

C、Speaking.

D、Listening.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：选项都是和语言的技能有关。从hetaughtusmanywriting

techniques.可以得知McCourt教的是写作。

26、

A、Liverpool.

B、London.

C、Scotland.

D、Welsh.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：选项都是地名。从heisfromLiverpool可以得知A是正确答案。

六、听力短文（含3小题）（本题共6题，每题7.0

分，共6分。）

27、

A^SchoolandEducation.

B、IndividualsintheUnitedStates.

C^ResponsibilitiesasCitizens.

D、Tomorrow'sDecision-makers.

标准林宏.A

知识2解析：暂无解析

28、

A、Individualstates.

B、Federalgovernment.

C、Taxesofcitizens.

D、Parents.

标准答案：C

知识点解析；暂无解析

29、

A、20.

B、22.

C、21.

D、23.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

30、

A、Abox.

B、Ayoungtree.

C、Abook.

D^Apples.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

31、

A^Becausethefarmerplantedthetreeneartheroad.

B、Becausethefarmerplantedthetreeononeofhisfield.

C、Becausethefarmerplantedthetreenearhishouse.

D^Becausethefarmerplantedthetreeinhiswoods.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

32、

A^TheFarmerandAnAppleTree.

B、HowtoPlantanAppleTree.

C、AFriend'sGift.

D、AnAppleTree.

标准答案：A

知识点解析；暂无解析

七、听力短文（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题1.0

分，共4分。）

33、

A、Heisacommercialdiver.

B、Heisanindependentphotographer.

C、Heisacameramanufacturer.

D、BothAandB

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

34、

A、Michaelhasbeendivingfornineyears.

B、Michaeldivesonholidayswithhisparents.

C、Michaellovesdivingeversincehefirsttriedit.

D^Michaelhasnevertakenanydivingcourses.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

35、

A、Takingpicturesunderwater.

B、Connectingpipelines.

C、Plantingseaweeds.

D^Placingexplosivesunderthewater.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

36、

A、Becausehewasneverafraidofanything.

B、Becausehewasprotectedbyaspecialmedium.

C、Becausehehadenoughexperience.

D、Becauseitwashisjob.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

八、听力复合式听写（本题共〃题，每题1.0分，共

〃分。）

Videorecordersandphotocopiers,eventickeimacliinesontherailways,oftenseem

unnecessarilydifficulttouse.LastDecemberIboughtmyselfaVideocassetterecorder

[Bl]as"simpletouse!'.InthefirstthreeweeksIfailed[B2]to

programthemachinetorecordfromtheTV,andaftermonthsofpracticeIstillmade

mistakes.Iamnotalone.Accordingtoa[B3]lastyearbyFerguson,theBritish

manufacturer,morethanoneinfourVCRownersneverusethetimerontheirmachines

torecordaprogrammer:theydon'tuseitbecausethey'vefounditfartoohardtooperate.

SowhydomanufacturerskeepondesigningandproducingVCRsthatare[B4]

touseiftheproblemsaresoobvious?First,theproblemswenoticearenotobviousto

[B5]mindeddesignerswithyearsofexperienceandtrainedtounderstandhow

[B6]work.Secondly,,designerstendtoaddoneortwofeaturesatatimeto

eachmodel,[B7]youorIfaceallamachine'sfeaturesatonce.Thirdly,

allhoughfindingproblemsinafinishedproductiseasy,itisloolatebythentodo

anythingaboutthedesign.Finally,ifmanufacturerscangetawaywithsellingproducts

thataredifficulttouse,itisnotworththe[B9]ofanyoneofthemtomake

improvements.[B8].Butthatgivesrisetothequestion,"whycan'tyouhave

featuresthatareeasytouse?"Theanswerisyoucan.[BIO].Forastart,

designersshouldbuildanoriginalmodelofthemachineandtryitoutontypical

membersofthepublic—notoncolleaguesinthedevelopinenilaboratory.[BlI]

.Inanidealworld,therewouldbesomewaysofcontrollingqualitysuchasthat

(heVCRmustberedesignedrepeatedlyuntil,say,90percentofuserscanwork90

percentofthefeaturescorrectly90percentofthetime.

37、[Bl]

标准答案：described

知识点解析：暂无解析

38、[B2]

标准答案：repeatedly

知识点解析：暂无解析

39、[B3]

标准答案：survey

知识点解析：暂无解析

40、[B4]

标准答案：awkward

知识点解析：暂无解析

41、[B5]

标准答案：technically

知识点解析：暂无解析

42、[B6]

标准答案：appliances

知识点解析：的无解析

43、[B7]

标准答案：whereas

知识点解析：暂无解析

44、[B8]

标准答案：effort

知识点解析：暂无解析

45、[B9]

标准答案：Somemanufacturerssay（heyconcenirateonprovidingawiderangeof

featuresratherthanonmakingthemachineseasytouse

知识点解析：暂无解析

46、[BIO]

标准答案：Gooddesignpracticeisamixtureofspecificproceduresandgeneral

principles

知识点解析：暂无解析

47、[Bll]

标准答案：Simplepublic（rialswouldquicklyrevealmanydesignmistakes

知识点解析：暂无解析

九、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共加题，每题

分，共70分。）

Everyonceinawhilethereasonsfordiscouragementaboutthehumanprospectpileup

sohighthatitbecomesdifficulttoseethewayahead,anditisthenagreatblessingto

haveoneconspicuousandundeniablegoodthingtothinkaboutourselves,something

solidenoughtostepontoandlookbeyondthepile.Languageisoftenusefulforthis,and

music.Apaiticularpainting,ifyouhavethelightreceplors（感受器）,canlightthespiiits

andholdthemhighenoughtoseeawholefuturefbrtherace.Thesoundoflaughterin

(hedistancein(hedarkcanbeamarvelousencouragement.Bintheseareuncenain

stimuli,readytoworkonlyifyouhappentoreceivethem,whichtakesabitofluck.I

havebeenreadingmagazinestoriesaboutthetechnologyofliedetectionlately,andit

occurstomethatthismayhethethingI'vebeenlookingfor,anencouragement

supportedbygenuine,hardscientificdata.ItispromisingenoughthatI'vedecidedto

takeasgivenwhatthearticlessay,uncritically,andtolooknofurther.AsIunderstandit,

ahumanbeingcannottellalie,evenasmallone,withoutsettingoffakindofsmoke

alarmsomewheredeepinadarkrecessofthebrain,resultingin(hesuddendischargeof

nerveimpulses,orthesuddenoutpouringofneurohoimones(神经激素)ofsomesort,or

both.Theoutcome,recordedbythelie-dctcctordeviceissimilartotheresponsesto

variouskindsofstress.Lying,thenisstressful,evenwhenwcdoitforprotection,or

relief,orescape,orprofit,orjustforthepurepleasureoflyingandgettingawaywithit.

Itisastrain,distressingenoughtocausetheemissionofsignalstoandfromthecentral

nervoussystemwarning(hatsomethinghasgonewrong.Itis,inapurephysiological

sense,anunnaturalact.Now【regard(hisasapieceofextraordinarilygoodnews,

meaning,thatwearecompelledtobeamoralspeciesatleastinthelimitedsensethatwe

arebiologicallydesignedtobetruthfultoeachother.Itseemsapettythingtohavethis

information,butperhapsittellsustolookagain,andlookdeeper.Weareindeedasocial

species,moredependentoneachotherthanthecelebratedsocialinsects.Wecannomore

liveasolitarylifethancanabee.Weareobliged,asaspecies,torelyoneachother.

Trustisafundamentalrequirementforourkindofexistenceandwithoutitallour

linkageswouldbegintosnaploose.Itisenough,quiteenough,toknowthatwecannot

eventellaplainuntruth,betrayatrust,withoutscaringsomepartofourownbrains.

48、Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat.

A、therearealotofobstaclesonthewayaheadofhumanbeings

B、humanbeingsaresurroundedbypilesofrubbish

C^weareconvincedthatmenarebornevil

D、man'sfutureisseentobebetteradvantagedfromhisgoodnature

标准答案：D」「

知识点解析：主旨题。作者在第一段提出人类有一个明显而又无可否认的优势。在

最后两段作者进一步明确了测谎仪所反映出人的诚实天性，即是使我们对未来更加

乐观的优势。

49、Accordingtothesecondparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A^Languageisasusefulasmusic.

B、Paintingisthebestofallinliftingone'sspirits.

C、Noteveryoneisgiventhechanceofagoodfuture.

D^Toseehuman'sbrightsideisagameofchance.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：判断题。作者在第二段提到了一些使人类对未来前途更有信心的优

势。但在最后一句中说，“这些都是不确定的激励，只有在做好准备迎接它们时才

起作用，而这需要一点运气。”与答案D相吻合。

5。、Intheauthor'sopinion,.

A^physiologicalchangeswillforsurebetrayaliar

B、thebiggeralieis,thestrongerthestrainwillbe

C、thedegreeofthestraindependsonthepurposeoflying

D、awell-trainedpersoncantelllieswithoutbeingdetected

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推理题。根据第四段第一句。人类即使在说一个小谎言时，也必然引

起一系列的生理反应。

51、Theinformationgivenbytheliedetector,accordingtotheauthor,is.

A、trivial

B、essential

C、surprising

D、wrong

标准答案：B

知识点解析：判断题。根据第六、七段。从测谎仪获得的信息可以推断出人类的生

理构造决定人应该是诚实和相互信任的，这对于人类的生存是至关重要的。可见这

条信息意义重大。

52、Themessage（heauthortransmitstousisthat.

A、aliedetectorcanmakeagoodrecordofnerveimpulses

B、aliarbenefitshimselffromlying,butonlyatthecostofothers

C、itisvitalforustobetruthfultoeachother

D、lyingwillbecheckedbymoreadvancedliedetectors

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理题。根据第七段第最后一句：信任是人类生存的基本需要。

Ofalltheareasoflearningthemostimportantisthedevelopmentofattitudes.Emotional

reactionsaswellaslogicalthoughtprocessesaffectthebehaviorofmostpeople."The

burntchildfearsthefire"isoneinstance;anotheristheriseofdespots（暴君）likeHitler.

Boththeseexamplesalsopointupthefactthatattitudesstemfromexperience.Intheone

casetheexperiencewasdirectandimpressive;intheotheritwasindirectand

cumulative.1heNazis（纳粹分子）wereindoctrinated（灌输）largelybythespeeches

（heyheardand（hebookstheyread.Theclassroomteacherin（heelementaryschoolisin

astrategicpositiontoinfluenceattitudes.Thisistruepartlybecausechildrenacquire

attitudesfromthoseadultswhosewordstheyrespect.Anotherreasonwhyitistrueisthat

pupilsoftenexploresomewhatdeeplyintoasubjectinschoolthathasonlybeentouched

uponathomeorhaspossiblyneveroccurredtothembefore.Toachildwhohad

previouslyacquiredlittleknowledgeofMexico,histeacher'smethodofhandlingsucha

unitwouldgreatlyaffecthisattitudetowardMexicans.Themediathroughwhichthe

teachercandevelopwholesomeattitudesareinnumerable.Socialstudies,sciencematters

ofhealthandsafety,theveryatmosphereoftheclassroom...theseareafewofthefertile

fieldsfortheintroductionofproperemotionalreactions.However,whenchildrencome

toschoolwithundesirablealUludcs,iLisunwisefortheIcaclicrloallumpttochangetlicir

feelingsbyswcct-talkingorscoldingthem.Shecanachievethepropereffectbyhelping

themobtainconstructiveexperiences.Toillustrate,first-gradepupilsafraidofpolicemen

willprobablyaltertheirattitudesafteraclassroomchatwiththeneighborhoodofficerin

whichheexplainshowheprotectsthem.Inthesameway,aclassofolderchildrencan

developattitudesthroughdiscussion,research,outsidereadingandail-daytrips.Finally,

ateachermustconstantlyevaluateherownattitudes,becauseherinfluencecanbe

deleterious（有害的）ifshehaspersonalprejudices.Thisisespeciallytrueinrespectto

controversialissuesandquestionsonwhichchildrenshouldbeencouragedtoreachtheir

owndecisionsasaresultofobjectiveanalysisofallthefacts.

53、Thecentralideaconveyedinthepassageis（hat.

A、attitudesaffectouractions

B、teachersplayasignificantroleindevelopingorchangingpupils'attitudes

C^attitudescanbechangedbysomeclassroomexperiences

D、theelementaryschoolisamoreeffectivemilieu（环境）fordevelopingwholesome

attitudesthanhighschoolorcollege

标准答案：B

知识点解析：主旨题。作者在介绍了态度的重要性和来源之后，在第三段第一句提

出小学教师对学生的学习态度的发展具有战略性的影响，后面的段落都围绕这个主

题展开。

54、Theauthorimpliesthat.

A^（heteachershouldguidealldiscussionsbyrevealingherownattitude

B、children'sattitudesoftencomefromthoseofotherchildren

C、insomeaspectsofsocialstudiesagreatervarietyofmethodscanbeusedinthe

uppergradesthaninthelowergrades

D、