大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷705

大学英语六级改革适用(阅读)模拟试

卷705

一、词汇理解(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)

Somephilosophersclaimvirtuousactivity(e.g.,cultivatingself-control,courage,

generosity)andself-actualization(beingthebestyoucanbe)arewhatmakelifeworth

living.Buthowdoes[Cl]activitiesaffectotheroutcomes,likehappinessand

mood?Inastudy[C2]byHookerandhisco-workers,atotalof160people

(123women)wereselectedastheresearchobjects,whowererandomly[C3]

toaself-monitoringorcontrolgroupand[C4]dailysurveysfor28

days.Thoseintheself-monitoringgroupansweredquestionsregardingphysicalactivity,

positivemood,andmeaningsalience(i.e.,thefrequencyofthinkingaboutpurposeand

meaning),whilethosein:hecontrolgroupdidnotanswerthesequestionsabouttheir

feelingormeaningsalience.Duringeightrandomdays,everyonewasalsoaskedtorecall

thepreviousday's[C5].AkeymeasurewastheMeaningfulActivities

Checklist(ratingthemeaningfulnessof46commonactivities,likeeating,sleeping,and

working),whichwasfinishedatthebeginningofthestudyandduringthe24-hour

activityrecall.Theresultsshowed[C6]inmeaningfulactivitieswas

associatedwithgreatermeaningsalience,positivemood,lifesatisfaction,purposeinlife,

andvitality.[C7],topromotewell-being,itmightbehelpfulto[C8]

peopletoexploreandparticipateinmeaningfulactivitiesandincorporatethem

intotheirdailylives.Inotherwords,ifspendingtimewithlovedones,helpingothers,or

takinga[C9]onasubjectofinterestareimportanttoyou,thensetasidethe

timetodothem.Ordothemmoreoften.Itmayalsobe[CIO]totryto

discovermeaninginroutineactivities-eveniftheseactivitiesappearmeaninglessat

first.Forinstance,considertheactofmakingdinner.Fromoneperspective,itisa

repetitiveandtedioushousework.Butfromanotherperspective,itisameaningfuland

valuablewayofcaringforlovedonesoroneself.A)meaningfulF)naturalK)assigned

B)completedG)conductedL)activitiesC)engagingH)factorsM)courseD)encourage

I)converselyN)memorizingE)beneficialJ)stepO)accordingly

K[Cl]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：空格前为助动词does,空格后为名词activities,因此空格处应填入形

容词(a.)o由句意可知，空格处的形容词应与“有意义的”表意相近。形容词中只

有A项meaningful"有意义的，重要的”符合句意。故本题选A。

2、[C2]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：空格前为名词sludy,空格后为介词by,因此空格处应填入动词的过

去分词形式(v.-ed)o由句意可知，空格处的动词应与“实施”表意相近。动词中只

有G项conducted”实施；执行''符合句意，conductastudy意为“进行一项研究故

本题选G。

3、[C3]

标准答案：K

知识点解析：空格前为副词randomly,空格后为介词lo,因此空格处应填入动词

的过去分词(v.-ed),与t。构成搭配。由句意可知，空格处的动词应与“分配”表

意相近。只有K项assigned”分配(某物)，分派”可与to构成搭配，符合句意。故

本题选K。

4、[C4]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：空格前为并列连词and,空格后为形容词daily,因此空格处应填入动

词的过去式(v.-ed)o由句意可知，空格处的动词应与“完成”表意相近。动词中只

有B项completed“完成”符合句意。故本题选B。

5、[C5]

标准答案：L

知识点解析：空格前为所有格形式day,s,空格后为句号，因此空格处应填入名词

(n.)o由句意可知，空格处的名词应与“活动”表意相近。名词中只有L项

activities“活动”符合句意，且与下文的the24-houractivityrecall构成词汇复现。故

本题选Lo

6、[C6]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：空格前为showed,空格后为介词短语inmeaningfulactivities,因此空

格处应填入动词的现在分词(v.-ing)。由句意可知，空格处的动词应与“做，从

事，参加“表意相近。动词中只有C项engaging可与in构成搭配，意为“参加；从

事”，符合句意。故本题选C。

7、[C7]

标准答案：0

知识点解析：空格处位于句首，空格后为逗号，且空格所在句不缺主干成分，因此

空格处应填入副词(ad.)。由句意可知，空格处的副词应与“所以”表意相近。副

词中只有。项accordingly”因此，所以“符合句意。故本题选0。

8、[C8]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：空格前为t。，空格后为名词people,因此空格处应填入动词原形

(v.)o由句意可知I,空格处的动词应与“鼓励''表意相近。动词中只有D项

encourage”鼓励，鼓动”符合句意，encouragesb.todosth.意为“鼓励某人做某事

故本题选D。

9、[C9]

标准答案：M

知识点解析：空格前为不定冠词a,空格后为介词on,因此空格处应填入名词

（n.）o由句意可知，空格处的名词应与“课程”表意相近。名词中只有M项

course“课程”可以构成takeacourse,意为“学习一门课程，参加课程”,符合句意。

故本题选M。

10、[C10]

标准答案：E

知识点解析：空格前为动词be,空格后为t。，因此空格处应填入形容词（a.）或动

词的过去分词（v.-cd）,由句意可知，空格处所填词应与“有帮助的"感情色彩一

致，只有E项beneficial“有用的，有利的”符合句意。故本题选E。

二、长篇阅读（本题共10题，每题1.0分，共70分。）

BeerPressureHasaPositiveSide[AJBarentsofteenagersoftenviewtheirchildren's

friendswithsomethinglikesuspicion.Theyworrythattheadolescentpeergrouphasthe

powertopushitsmembersintobehaviorthatisfoolishandevendangerous.Such

warinessiswellfounded:statisticsshow,forexample,thatateenagedriverwithasame­

agepassengerinthecarisathigherriskofafatalcrashthananadolescentdrivingalone

orwithanadult.[B]Ina2005study,psychologistLaurenceSteinbergofTemple

Universityandhisco-author,psychologistMargoGardner,thenatTemple,divided306

peopleintothreeagegroups:youngadolescents,withameanageof14;older

adolescents,withameanageof19;andadults,aged24andolder.Subjectsplayeda

computerizeddrivinggameinwhichtheplayermustavoidcrashingintoawallthat

materializes,withoutwarning,ontheroadway.SteinbergandGardnerrandomlyassigned

someparticipantstoplayaloneorwithtwosame-agepeerslookingon.[ClOlder

adolescentsscoredabout50percenthigheronanindexofriskydrivingwhentheirpeers

wereintheroom-andthedrivingofearlyadolescentswasfullytwiceasrecklesswhen

otheryoungteenswerearound.Incontrast,adultsbehavedinsimilarwaysregardlessof

whethertheywereontheirownorobservedbyothers."Thepresenceofpeersmakes

adolescentsandyouth,butnotadults,morelikelytotakerisks,"SteinbergandGardner

concluded.|D]Yetintheyearsfollowingthepublicationofthisstudy,Steinbergbegan

tobelievethatthisinterpretationdidnotcapturethewholepicture.Asheandother

researchersexaminedthequestionofwhyteensweremoreapttotakerisksinthe

companyofotherteenagers,theycametosuspectthatacrowd'sinfluenceneednot

alwaysbenegative.Nowsomeexpertsareproposingthatweshouldtakeadvantageof

theteenbrain'skeensensitivitytothepresenceoffriendsandleverageittoimprove

education.[E]Ina2011study,SteinbergandhiscolleaguesturnedtofunctionalMRI（磁

共振）toinvestigatehowthepresenceofpeersaffectstheactivityintheadolescentbrain.

Theyscannedthebrainsof40teensandadultswhowereplayingavirtualdrivinggame

designedtotestwhetherplayerswouldbrakeatayellowlightorspeedonthroughthe

crossroad.[F]Thebrainsofteenagers,butnotadults,showedgreateractivityintwo

regionsassociatedwithrewardswhentheywerebeingobservedbysame-agepeersthan

whenalone.Inotherwords,rewardsaremoreintenseforteenswhentheyarewithpeers,

whichmotivatesthemtopursuehigher-riskexperiencesthatmightbringabigpayoff

(suchasthethrillofjustmakingthelightbeforeitturnsred).ButSteinbergsuspected

thistendencycouldalsohaveitsadvantages.Inhislatestexperiment,publishedonlinein

August,Steinbergandhiscolleaguesusedacomputerizedversionofacardgamecalled

theIowaGamblingTasktoinvestigatehowthepresenceofpeersaffectsthewayyoung

peoplegatherandapplyinformation.[G]Theresults:TeenswhoplayedtheIowa

GamblingTaskundertheeyesoffellowadolescentsengagedinmoreexploratory

behavior,learnedfasterfrombothpositiveandnegativeoutcomes,andachievedbetter

performanceonthetaskthanthosewhoplayedinsolitude."Whatourstudysuggestsis

thatteenagerslearnmorequicklyandmoreeffectivelywhentheirpeersarepresentthan

whenthey'reontheirown,*'Steinbergsays.Andthisfindingcouldhaveimportant

implicationsforhowwethinkabouteducatingadolescents.[H]MatthewD.Lieberman,a

socialcognitiveneuroscientistattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,andauthorof

the2013bookSocial:WhyOurBrainsAreWiredtoConnect,suspectsthatthehuman

brainisespeciallyskillfulatlearningsociallysignificantinformation.Hepointstoa

classic2004studyinwhichpsychologistsatDartmouthCollegeandHarvardUniversity

usedfunctionalMRItotrackbrainactivityin17youngmenastheylistenedto

descriptionsofpeoplewhileconcentratingoneithersociallyrelevantcues(forexample,

tryingtoformanimpressionofapersonbasedonthedescription)ormoresocially

neutralinformation(suchasnotingtheorderofdetailsinthedescription).The

descriptionswerethesameineachcondition,butpeoplecouldbetterrememberthese

statementswhengivenasocialmotivation.|I)Thestudyalsofoundthatwhensubjects

thoughtaboutandlaterrecalleddescriptionsintermsoftheirinformationalcontent,

regionsassociatedwithfactualmemory,suchasthemedialtemporallobe,becameactive.

Butthinkingaboutorrememberingdescriptionsintermsoftheirsocialmeaning

activatedthedorsomedialprefrontalcortex—partofthebrain'ssocialnetwork一evenas

traditionalmemoryregionsregisteredlowlevelsofactivity.Morerecently,ashereported

ina2012review,Liebermanhasdiscoveredthatthisregionmaybepartofadistinct

networkinvolvedinsociallymotivatedlearningandmemory.Suchfindings,hesays,

suggestthat"thisnetworkcanbecalledontoprocessandstorethekindofinformation

taughtinschool—potentiallygivingstudentsaccesstoarangeofuntappedmental

powers".[J]Ifhumansaregenerallygearedtorecalldetailsaboutoneanother,this

patternisprobablyevenmorepowerfulamongteenagerswhoareveryattentivetosocial

details:whoisin,whoisout,wholikeswhom,whoismadatwhom.Theirdesirefor

socialdramaisnot-ornotonly—awayofdistractingthemselvesfromtheirschoolwork

orofdrivingadultscrazy.Itisactuallyaneurological(神经的)sensitivity,initiatedby

hormonalchanges.Evolutionarilyspeaking,peopleinthisagegroupareatastagein

whichtheycanpreparetofindamateandstarttheirownfamilywhileseparatingfrom

parentsandstrikingoutontheirown.Todothissuccessfully,theirbrainpromptsthemto

thinkandevenobsessaboutothers.[K]Yetourschoolsfocusprimarilyonstudentsas

individualentities.Whatwouldhappenifeducatorsinsteadtookadvantageofthefact

thatteensarepowerfullycompelledtothinkinsocialterms?InSocial,Liebermanlays

outanumberofwaystodoso.HistoryandEnglishcouldbepresentedthroughthelens

ofthepsychologicaldrivesofthepeopleinvolved.OnecouldthereforepresentNapoleon

intermsofhisdesiretoimpressorChurchillintermsofhislonelygloom.Less

inherentlyinterpersonalsubjects,suchasmath,couldacquireasocialaspectthrough

teamproblemsolvingandpeertutoring.Researchshowsthatwhenweabsorb

informationinordertoteachittosomeoneelse,welearnitmoreaccuratelyanddeeply,

perhapsinpartbecauseweareengagingoursocialcognition.[L]Andalthoughanxious

parentsmaynotwelcomethenotion,educatorscouldturnadolescentrecklessnessto

academicends."Risktakinginaneducationalcontextisavitalskillthatenablesprogress

andcreativity,"wroteSamh-JayncBlakemore,acognitiveneuroscientistatUniversity

CollegeLondon,inareviewpublishedlastyear.Yet,shenoted,manyyoungpeopleare

especiallyunwillingtotakerisksatschool-afraidthatonelowtestscoreorpoorgrade

couldcostthemaspotataselectiveuniversity.Weshouldassuresuchstudentsthatrisk,

andevenpeerpressure,canbeagoodthing—aslongasithappensintheclassroomand

notinthecar.

II、Itisthoughtprobablethatthehumanbrainisparticularlygoodatpickingupsocially

importantinformation.

标准答案：H

知识之解析：题干：人们认为人类的大脑可能特别善于获取具有重要社会意义的信

息。题干的关键词thehumanbrainisparticularlygoodatpickingupsociallyimportant

information分别对应原文H段第一句中的thehumanbrainisparticularlygoodat

pickingupsociallyimportantinformation,题干是对H段第一句的同义替换。故本题

选H。

12、Itcanbeconcludedfromexperimentsthatthepresenceofpeersincreasesrisk­

takingbyadolescentsandyouth.

标准答案：C

知识点露析：题干：从实验中可以得出结论，即同龄人的存在增加了青少年和年轻

人的冒险行为。题干的关键词concluded,thepresenceofpeers,increasesrisk­

taking,adolescentsandyouih分别与原文C段最后•句中的concluded,The

presenceofpeers,morelikelytotakerisks,adolescentsandyouth相对应，题干是对

C段最后一句的同义替换。故本题选C。

13、Studentsshouldbetoldthatrisk-takingintheclassroomcanbesomethingpositive.

标准答案：L--

知识点解析：题干：应该告知学生，教室里的冒险可能具有积极作用。题干的关键

词Studentsshouldbetold,risk-takingintheclassroom,somethingpositive分另U与L

段最后一句中的Weshouldassuresuchstudents,risk,ithappensintheclassroom,a

goodthing相对应，题干是对L段最后一句的同义替换。故本题选L。

14、Theurgeoffindingamateandgettingmarriedaccountsforadolescents'greater

attentiontosocialinteractions.

标准答案：J

知识点解析：题干：寻找配偶和结婚的强烈意愿是青少年更加关注社会交往的原

因。题干的关键词findingamateandgettingmarried对应J段第四句中的findamate

andstarttheirownfamily,题干关键词accountsfor对应J段第三句中的initiated

by,题干关键词socialinteractions对应J段第二句中的socialdrama,题干是对J段

第二至四句的概括总结。故本题选J。

15、AccordingtoSteinberg,thepresenceofpeersincreasesthespeedandeffectiveness

ofteenagers'learning.

标准答案：G

知识点解析：题干：斯坦伯格认为，同龄人在场提高了青少年学习的速度和效率。

题干的关键词AccordingtoSteinberg,thepresenceofpeers,increasesthespeedand

effectivenessofteenagers,learning分别与原文G段倒数第二句中的Steinbergsays,

theirpeersarepresent,teenagerslearnmorequicklyandmoreeffectively相对应,题

干是对G段倒数第二句的同义替换。故本题选G。

16、Teenagers*parentsareoftenconcernedaboutnegativepeerinfluence.

标准答案：A」

知识点解析：题干：青少年的父母常常担心同龄人的负面影响。题干的关键词

Teenagers5parents和concernedahour分别对■应原文A段第一句中的Parentsof

teenagers和第二句中的worry,且题干中的negativepeerinfluence对应A段第二句

中的thepowertopushitsmembersintobehaviorthatisfoolishandevendangerouso题

干是对A段前两句的概括总结。故本题选A。

17、Activatingthebrain'ssocialnetworkinvolvedinsociallymotivatedlearningand

memorymayallowstudentstotapunusedmentalpowers.

标准答案：I

知识点解析：题干：激活涉及社交动机型学习和记忆的大脑社交网络，可使学生挖

掘尚未使用的智力。题干的关键词networkinvolvedinsociallymotivatedlearning

andmemory在原文I段倒数第二句中原词复现，且题干关键词allowstudentsto和

tapunusedmentalpowers分别对应I段最后一句中的givingstudentsaccessto和

untappedmentalpowers,题干是对I段倒数第一、二句的概括总结。故本题选I。

18、Thepresenceofpeersintensifiesthefeelingofrewardsinteens,brains.

标准答案：F

知识点解析：题干：同龄人在场强化了青少年大脑对奖励的感觉。题干的关键词

thepresenceofpeers和intensifiesthefeelingofrewards分别对应原文F段第二句中

的withpeers和rewardsaremoreintense,题干是对F段第二句的同义替换。故本题

选F。

19、Whenweabsorbinformationforthepurposeofimpartingittoothers,wedosowith

greateraccuracyanddepth.

标准答案：K

知识点解析：题干：当我们为了把信息传授给别人而吸收信息时，我们能学得更加

准确、深入。题干的关键词absorbinformation在原文K段最后一句中原词复现。

且题干关键词forthepurpose»impartingittoothers,withgreateraccuracyanddepth

分别与K段最后一句中的inorderto,teachittosomeoneelse,moreaccuratelyand

deeply相对应，题干是对K段最后一句的同义替换。故本题选K。

20、Someexpertsaresuggestingthatweturnpeerinfluencetogooduseineducation.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：题干：一些专家建议，我们应该把同龄人的影响好好利用在教育中。

题干的关键词Someexperts,suggesting,turn...togooduseineducation分别对应原

文D段最后一句中的someexperts,proposing,leverageittoimproveeducation<.题

干是对D段最后一句的同义替换。故本题选D。

三、仔细阅读(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共70分。)

America'smainfinancialregulatoristakinganinterestinclimatechange—andwants

everyonetoknow.TheSecuritiesandExchangeCommission(SEC)hascreatedatask­

forcetoexamineenvironmental,socialandgovernance(ESG)issues,appointedaclimate

consulianiandsaiditwill"enhanceitsfocus"onclimace-relateddisclosuresforlisted

firms.Itlookspreparedtointroducerulesforcingfirmstorevealhowclimatechangeor

effortstofightitmayaffecttheirbusiness.Therulemakingstemsfromaconcernthat

climatechangeposesathreattofinancialstability.Whetherthisistrueornotishardto

say.Thedataaredishonestandclimate-riskreportingislargelyvoluntary.Firmstendto

cherry-pickthemostflatteringnumbersandmethodologies.Thereportingseldomreveals

anythingaboutafirm'sriskinthefuture-whichiswherethefinancialthreatsfrom

climatechangemostlyreside.ManywatchdogsarepinningtheirhopesontheTaskForce

onClimate-RelatedFinancialDisclosures(TCFD),aglobalgroupofregulators.The

TCFDhasrecommendedareportingstandardmadeupof11broadcategories,from

carbonfootprintstoclimate-riskmanagement.Regulatorslikeitbecauseitfocuseson

materialrisksratherthanenvironmentalimpacts,andbecauseitaskslorinformation

aboutfirms'futureplans.Thatincludes*'scenarioanalysis1',inwhichacompany's

strategyistestedagainstpotentialfutures,suchasahotterworldorhighercarbonprices.

Thesequalitiesalsoappealtofinanciers.Financialfirmsmakeupalmosthalfofthe1,800

orsocompaniesthatbacktheTCFD'srecommendations.Theirclientsandregulatorsare

encouragingthemtoadoptthestandard,sothefinancialfirmsinturnaremotivating

companiestodoso,too,causingariseinitsuse.Notallcompaniesarchappyaboutthis.

ItmeanscompliancewithonemoreESGmeasure,andatrickyoneatthat.Manybosses

claimtheirfirmslacktheexpertisetodoclimate-basedscenarioanalysis.Another

problemisthatdisclosuresmayscareoffinvestors.ThatistheevidencefromFrance,

whichmadeclimate-riskdisclosuresobligatoryforassetmanagers,insurersandpension

fundsin2016.AstudybyitscentralbankcomparedthosefirmswithFrenchbanksand

non-Frenchfinancialfirms.Itfoundthatthefirmswhichhadtodiscloseclimaterisks

held40%fewerbonds,stocksandothersecuritiesinfossil-fuelfirmsbyvaluethanthose

thatdidnothavetodiscloserisks.Suchashiftmaydriveupcapitalcostsforpolluting

projectsandleadtofeweremissions.Butmoreclimatedisclosurewillnotbyitselfcut

carbon,notesRcmcoFischeroftheUNEnvironmentProgramme.Regulatoryclimate

riskcan,intheory,bealleviatedbymovingcarbon-heavyassetssomewherewithmere

lenientenvironmentalrules.Andsophisticatedriskassessmentsdonotalwaysresultin

decarbonisation.

21、WhatdoestheSECtendtodoaccordingtoParagraph1?

A、Toaskfirmstodiscloseclimate-relatedissues.

B、Toemploymoreexpertsonclimateresearch.

C>Tokeepmorefirmsunderitssupervision.

D、Tointroduceastrictruleonjobsecurity.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词SEC可定位至第一段第二句，该句指出it

will"enhanceitsfocus"onclimate-relateddisclosuresforlistedfirms（将“加强关注''上

市公司与气候有关的信息披露），第三句进一步阐述该做法，即Itlooksprepared

to...affecttheirbusiness（证券交易委员会看起来准备实施规定，迫使公司披露气候

变化或应对气候变化的努力可能对其业务产生的影响），A项“要求公司披露气候相

关问题”是对第二、三句的概括总结。故本题选A。B项”雇用更多专家从事气候研

究''是对第一段第二句“任命一名气候顾问”的过度引申，属于过度推断。C项“使更

多公司接受其监管”与第一段第二句RFC将，加强关注，上市公司与气候有关的信息

披露“表述不符。D项“实施针对工作安全的严格规定”属于无中生有。

22、Whatdowelearnfromthepresentclimate-riskreports?

A、Itclearlyreflectsclimatechange.

B、Ithardlyrevealspotentialrisks.

C、Itlargelyusesillegaldataandmethodologies.

D、Itplaysvitalrolesinaddressingfuturethreats.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推断题。取据题干关键词climate,riskreports可定位至第二段第三

句，该句无法解题，需查看下文。第五句指出Thereporlingseldomrevealsanylhing

aboutafirm'sriskinthefuture—whichiswherethefinancialthreatsfromclimate

changemostlyreside（报告•很少揭示公司未来会面临的风险，而这正是气候变化带

来的财务威胁的主要所垄），B项“它几乎不能揭示潜在风险”是对该句的同义替

换。故本题选B。A项“它明确地反映出气候变化”属于无中生有。C项“它大量使

用非法数据和方法''是对第二段第三、四句体现的“数据具有欺骗性”的过度引申，

属于过度推断。D项“它对处理未来风险至关重要”与第二段第五句的“报告很少揭

示公司未来会面临的风险”表述不符。

23、WhatdocstheauthorthinkofthereportingstandardrecommendedbytheTCFD?

A、Ithasbeengaininggrowingacceptance.

B、Itiswelcomedbymostfinancialfirms.

C>Itfocusesonenvironmentaleffectsonfirms.

D、Itismadeforfinancialfirms.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词reportingstandardrecommendedbytheTCFD

可定位至第三段第二句和第四段第二句，第三段第二句无法解题，第四段第三句指

出Theirclientsandregulatorsareencouragingthemtoadoptthestandard,sothe

financialfirmsinturnaremotivatingcompaniestodoso,too,causingariseinitsuse（'它

们的客户和监管机构正鼓励它们采用该标准，因此金融公司反过来也激励其他公司

这样做，这导致该标准的使用量增加），A项“它的接受度越来越高”是对该句的适

度推断。故本题选A。B项“它受到大多数金融公司的青睐”与第四段第二句的“金

融公司在支持TCFD建议的公司中占了近一半”表述不符。C项“它针对环境对公司

的影响''与第三段第三句体现的事实“TCFD建议的报告标准关注重大风险而非环境

影响'’表述相反，属于正反混淆。D项“它是为金融公司而制定的”属于无中生有。

24、WhatdowclearnfromthestudybyFrenchcentralbank?

A、Climate-riskdisclosuresmayfrightenawayinvestors.

B、Fossil-fuelfirmsarelessvaluablethanfinancialfirms.

C、Manycompanieslackadvancedtechnology.

D、Francehasmadeclimate-riskdisclosuresobligatory.

标准答案：A」

知识点解析：推断题。限据题干关键诃thestudybyFrenchcentralbanknJ定位至第

五段第六句（论据），再查看前面的第四、五句（论点），这两句指出Anotherproblem

isthatdisclosuresmayscareoffinvestors（另一个问题是，披露信息可能会吓跑投资

者）及ThatistheevidencefromFrance（法国就印证了这一点），A项“气候风险披露

可能会吓跑投资者”是对第四句中disclosuresmayscareoffinvestors的同义替换。故

本题选A。B项“化石燃料公司不如金融公司有价值”属于无中生有。C项“许多公

司缺乏先进的技术”将第五段第三句的“缺乏专业的知识”改写为“缺乏先进的技

术”，属于偷换概念，而且和题干所问无关，排除。D项“法国使气候风险披露变为

强制性的（举措）”与第五段第五句所提到的“法国曾在2016年规定资产管理公司等

必须进行气候风险披露”相符，但和题干所问无关，属于答非所问。

25、Whatisauthor'sattitudetomoreclimatedisclosure?

A、Ambiguous.

B、Doubtful.

C、Supportive.

D、Tolerant.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：态度题。根据题干关键词author'sattitudetomoreclimatedisclosure可

定位至第六段第二句，该句指出Butmoreclimatedisclosurewillnotbyitselfcut

carbon（更多的气候信息披露本身并不能减少碳排放），且第三、四句进一步阐释了

更多信息披露不能减少碳排放的原因，并指出复杂的气候风险评估并不总会导致去

碳化，由此可知，作者对更多的气候披露持怀疑态度，B项“怀疑的”是对该句的适

度推断。故本题选B。A项“模糊的”、C项“支持的”和D项“宽容的”均与原文不

符，排除。

Massiverubbishdumpsandsprawlinglandfillsconstituteoneofthemoreuncomfortable

impactsthathumanshaveonwildlife.Theyhaveledsomebirdstogiveuponmigration.

Insteadofflyingthousandsofmilesinsearchoffood,theymakethewastesitestheir

winterfeedinggrounds.ResearchersinGermanyusedminiatureGPSlagstotrackthe

migrationsof70whitestorks（鹳）fromdifferentsitesacrossEuropeandAsiaduringthe

firstfivemonthsoftheirlives.Whilemanybirdstravelledalongwell-knownroutesco

warmerclimates,othersstoppedshortandspentthewinteronlandfills,feedingonfood

waste,andthemultitudesofinsectsthatthriveonthedumps.Intheshort-term,thebirds

seemtobenefitfromoverwintering（过冬）onrubbishdumps.AndreaFlackoftheMax

PlanckInstitutefoundthatbirdsfollowingtraditionalmigrationroutesweremorelikely

todiethanGermanstorksthatflewonlyasfarasnorthernMorocco,andspentthewinter

thereonrubbishdumps."Forthebirdsit'saveryconvenientwaytogetfood.Thereare

hugeclustersoforganicwastetheycanfeedon,"saidFlack.Themealsarenot

particularlyappetizing,orevensafe.Muchofthewasteisdiscardedrottenmeat,mixed

inwithotherhumandebrissuchasplasticbagsandoldtoys."It'sveryrisky.Thebirds

caneasilyeatpiecesofplasticorrubberbandsandtheycandie,"saidFlack,"Andwe

don'tknowaboutthelong-termconsequences.Theymighteatsomethingtoxicand

damagetheirhealth.Wecannotestimatethatyet."Thescientiststrackedwhitestorks

fromdifferentcoloniesinEuropeandAfrica.TheRussian,GreekandPolishstorksflew

asfarasSouthAfrica,whilethosefromSpain,TunisiaandGermanyflewonlyasfaras

theSahel.LandfillsitesontheIberianpeninsulahavelongattractedlocalwhitestorks,

butalloftheSpanishbirdslaggedinthestudyflewacrosstheSaharadeserttothe

westernSahel.Writinginthejournal,thescientistsdescribehowthestorksfrom

Germanywereclearlyaffectedbythepresenceofwastesites,withfouroutofsixbirds

thatsurvivedforatleastfivemonthsoverwinteringonrubbishdumpsinnorthern

Morocco,insteadofmigratingtotheSahel.Flacksaiditwastooearlytoknowwhether

thebenefitsofplentifulfoodoutweighedtherisksoffeedingonlandfills.Butthat'snot

theonlyuncertainty.Migratingbirdsaffectecosystemsbothathomeandattheirwinter

destinations,anddisruptingthetraditionalroutescouldhaveunexpectedsideeffects.

Whitestorksfeedonlocusts（蝗虫）andotherinsectsthatcanbecomepestsiftheir

numbersgetoutofhand."Theyprovideausefulservice,"saidFlack.

26、Whatistheimpactofrubbishdumpsonwildlife?

A、Theyhaveforcedwhitestorkstosearchforsaferwintershelters.

Theyhaveseriouslypollutedtheplaceswherebirdsspendwinter.

C、Theyhaveacceleratedthereproductionofsomeharmfulinsects.

D、Theyhavechangedthepreviousmigrationhabitsofcertainbirds.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词impactofrubbishdumpsonwildlife定位到

第一段。第一句提至ljMassiverubbishdumps...constitute...impactsthathumanshave

onwildlife（巨大的垃圾堆……是人类对野生动物造成的最不适的影响之一），但无

法解题。继续往卜看，第二句指出Theyhaveledsomebirdstogiveuponmigration

（它们导致一些鸟类放弃迁徙），第三句进一步说明这些鸟儿没有飞数千英里寻找食

物，而是把垃圾场作为冬季的觅食地，由此可见D项“它们改变了某些鸟类以前的

迁徙习惯''是对第一段前三句的概括总结。故本题选D。A项“它们强迫白鹳寻找更

安全的冬季庇护所''是对第二段第二句“有些白鹳中途停下来，在垃圾填埋场过冬”

的曲解，由原文可知，白鹳并不是被迫在垃圾堆里过冬的。B项“它们严重污染了

鸟类过冬的地方”属于无中生有。C项“它们加速了一些有害昆虫的繁殖”利用原文

最后一段倒数第二句的pesls设置干扰，原文只是说如果扰乱白鹳传统迁徙路线的

话，可能会导致某些昆虫数量失控而成为害虫，但这不是垃圾堆对野生动物的影

响。

27、Whatdowelearnaboutbirdsfollowingthetraditionalmigrationroutes?

A、Theycanmultiplyatanacceleratingrate.

B>Ihcycanbetterpullthroughthewinter.

C、Theyhelphumanskillharmfulinsects.

D、Theyaremorelikelytobeatriskofdying.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。艰据题干关键词birdsfollowingthetraditionalmigration

routes定位至第三段。第二句指出birdsfollowingtraditionalmigration