大学英语四级模拟试卷190

大学英语四级模拟试卷190

一、作文（本题共/题，每题上0分，共1分。）

1、Forthispart,youarcallowed30minutestowriteacompositionbasedonthetopic:

TheEcologicalCrisisontheBoomingTourism.Youshouldwritenolessthan120words

accordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.旅游业在中国迅速发展。2,但在

旅游业繁荣的同时，生态环境也遭到破坏。3.我们应提倡生态旅游（ecolourism）。

标准答案：TheEcologicalCrisisontheBoomingTomTourismisoneofthemost

promisingindustriesinthe21stCentury.Nowtravelingismanypeople'sfavorite

recreation.Itenablesthemnotonlytobroadentheirhorizons,butalsotoshapetheir

mindandspirits.However,justlikeacoinwithtwosides,tourismmusesaserious

problem-ecologicalcrisis.Theenvironmenthasbeensufferingwiththeboomof

tourism.Inordertoattracttourists,manyplaceshavebeenturnedintoresorts.Forestsare

cleared,prairiesaredestroyed,riversandlakesarepolluted,andwildanimalseredriven

away.Thesehorriblescenesshouldsoundanalarm（ous.Wemustprotectour

ecoenvironmentwhileenjoyingthebeautifulscenery.Inordertokeepabalancebetween

tourismandecology,theconceptofecotonrism,whichintendsIobringpeoplecloserIo

naturewithaslittledisturbanceaspossible,shouldbeadvocated.Inthedevelopmentof

thisnewformoftraveling,governmentsatalllevelsshouldplaytheirpositiverolessuch

asfundingenvironmentalprogramsandlimitingexcessiveexploitationofnatural

resources.Whatweneedtodoissimple:donotlitter;strictlyobserveregulationsat

resorts,anduseasfewplastichagsandboxesaspossible.Atlast,wcshouldkeepin

mindthatwhenwetravelweshouldtakeawaynothingbutmemoriesandleavenothing

butfootprints.

知识点解析：本文是一篇根据汉语提纲展开的议论文。根据提纲要求，文章首段

指出旅游业是21世纪最有发展前景的行业之一，旅游成为人们最喜欢的娱乐项

目，它不仅可以开阔人们的视野还可以塑造人们的思想。作者在第二段指出在旅游

业繁荣的同时，生态环境也遭到破坏，很多地方变成了旅游胜地，森林被砍伐，草

原被破坏，河流湖泊被污染，野生动物被驱逐。因此，作者在第三段中指出应提倡

生态旅游：使人们更接近大自然而尽可能少地破坏大自然。倡导各级政府在发展旅

游业时要积极投资环保项目、限制滥用自然资源。旅游者要做到不乱扔垃圾，严格

遵守旅游景点的规则。文章条理清晰，阐述有力，令人信服。关联词用得也很恰

当。

二、快速阅读理解（本题共10题，每题1・0分，共10

分。）

LearntoBehaveWhenLostintheWoodsLionsand(igersandbears,oh,my!Itcan

happentoevenanEagleScout:Thetraildisappears,directionsgetconfused,anda

sudden,turnintheweatherforcesyouawayfromfamiliarlandmarks.Allofasudden,

thethinchainbetweenyouandcivilizationhasbroken.You'renotjustGettingAway

FromItAIL.you'relost.But(akcheart:Losingyourwaydoesn'thavetomeanlosing

yourhead.Followthetipsinthistutorialtominimizethedangertoyourself,andtokeep

yourselffromgettingevenmorelost.You'llnoticethatthetit.eofthispassageisnot

"LearntoGetUnLost"but"LearntoBehaveWhenLostintheWoods"—thegoathereis

nottoturnyouintoawildernessorientationexpert(orasurvivalexpert),buttomakeit

aseasyaspossibleforotherstofindyousafeandsound."BePrepared"istheBoyScout

motto,andifyoudon'tbelieveinmakingsomekindofpreparationsyouhavenobusiness

beingoutinthewoodsinthefirstplace.Beinglostdoesn'tkillpeople;it'sthedoings

without(food,clothing,shelter,medicalattention)(hatdoesthemin.Whetherpacking

fbranafternoonpicnicoraweeklonghiking,observetheRuleofChange:Preparenot

onlyfortheweatherconditionsthatexistwhenyoustartout,butfortheweatherthat

weathercanturninto.Youdon'tneedtotakeanumbrellawhenyou'rehikingDeath

Valley(unlessyouwantsomeshade),butyoushouldcramarainhatinyourpackin

Yosemite,even(heforecastcallsforsunshine.Youdon'tneedaparka(风雪大衣)forthat

daytrip,butyourclothingshouldadduptoseverallayers:Pul(hemonorpeelthemoff

asthetemperaturedictates.Youshouldalways,alwaysbringmatchesoralighter.Put

theminyourbackpackrightnowgoon,we'llwaitanddon'ttakethemoutwhenyouclean

outyourpack(do,however,checktomakesurethey'restillserviceable).Alwaysbring

morewaterthanyouexpecttodrink—anddon'tdrinkitjustbecauseyouhaveit.Ifyour

mouthis(hirsty,youcanmoistenitwithasinglemouthful;youdon'tneedtochug(一口

气上也喝)downthebottle.Thebestwaytoavoidgettinglostis(obviously)tokeeptoa

trail,soresistthetemptationtowalkoffintothevirginwildunlessyouknowexactly

whatyou'redoing.Besidesbeingenvironmentallyunfriendlyandoftenillegal,straying

fromthetrailisllirtingwithdanger.Justasyoucandrowninaninchofwater,youcan

gelhopelesslylostinfiveminutesofpathlesswandering.There'sjustonemoreinflexible

rule:Don'tleavefortheoutdoorsunlessthere'ssomeonewho'llnoticeyouhaven't

returned.Youdon'thavetopostaformalitinerary(旅彳j，计划)attheranger'soffice,but

atleastmentiontoafriendorfamilymemberwhereyou'regoingandwhenyouexpectto

beback.Forthepriceofaphonecall,youcankeepgettinglostfrombecominga

permanentdisappearance.StepOne—Don'tPanicFirstofall,getagriponyourself.Take

tenslow,deepbreaths(actuallycountthem)ifyoudofeelpanicky.It'snormaltofeel

scared,butkeepinmindthatallyou'velostisabitofinformalion.Anunknownpatchof

forestisn'tinherentlymoredangerousthanaknownpatch.It'sjustunknowntoyou.,

Beginbyacknowledgingthatyou'relost-orifyou'rewithoneormoreotherpeople,by

gentlycreatingtheconsensusthatyou'relost.Somefolkstendtodenythesituation,right

uptothepointwheretheymarchoffadiff.Don'tletmacho(ormacha)attitudeendanger

everyone.,Therearetwocommonreactionsyou'llwanttoavoid.Oneispanic,which

usuallytriggerstheflightresponseinhumans.Runningwildlyaround,evenforafew

minutes,couldgetyouirretrievably(无法弥补的)lost(ifnotinjured).Theotherreaction

isovercompensation:Decidingthatit'stimetoplayRobinsonCrusoeoftheRedwoods

andtryingtobuildacabin,seurchforfood,andlayinacordofwoodbeforenightfall.

Youmayendupspendinganightorsointhewild,butconserveyourenergy.Tired

peopledon'tthinkaswellasrestedones,andtheyrequiremorefoodandwaleriokeep

going.StepTwo—JudgetheSituationNowthatyou'recalm,collectedandnotindenial,

sitdownandthinkthingsthrough.Howlonghaveyoubeenlost?Mentallytraceyour

thoughtsbacktothelastpointwhereyoudefinitelyknewyourlocation.Howlongago

wasthat?Inwhatgeneraldirectionhaveyoubeentravelingsincethen?,Ifyouhavea

compass,useitnowtogiveyourdirectionalsensesonicheatings:Wecamefromthat

awayandthat'sNorthwest,butwestartedwalkingSouth;sothetrailmusthaveslowly

looped..,andsoforth.Evenifyoudon'thaveacompass,trytoapproximatethiskindof

locationsensewhileyourmemoriesarefresh.Ifyoudon'thaveacompass,seeStep3.

Nowyouhavesomedecisionstomake:•Ifyouhaven'tbeenlostlongandseemtobein

relativelysafeterrain(notsurroundedbyrock,slidesorthornbushes,forinstance),you

maydecidetoretraceyoursteps.Ifso,skiptoStep3.•Ifthecircumstancessuggestthat

furtherwanderingmaybedangerous(nightisfalling,cliffedgesabound),thenyoumay

wanttostayoutandwaitforrescue.Ifso,skiptoStep5.StepThree—RetraceyourSteps

(ifappropriate)Ifyou'vedecidedtotryandundoyourerror,thenhikeinthedirection

fromwhichyoucame,keepingcarefultracknotonlyoforientationbutoftime.Ifyou've

beenlostfortenminutesbutatenniinutewalkdoesn'treturnyoutoyourtrail,you'rejust

gettingmorelost.Insuchacase,pauseandreturntoyouroriginallocation,thentry

again.•Whenrctracing=Trytrackingyourself.Youweren'tonatrail,soyouprobably

lefttracksyoucanfollowinreverse.Onehandytrickistofrequentlylookoveryour

shoulderasyou'reretracing-theideaistorecreatetheviewyouhadwhenyouwere

walkingthereinthefirstplace.Lookingbackmightrefreshyourmemoryofaparticular

landmark,orhelpyourecognizefainiliarterrain.•Ifyoudon'thaveacompass:Tohe

certainyouwon'tstrayfromyourintendeddirection,lineupthreelandmarksinthe

directionyouwant(ogo,allfollowingastraightlinefromyourlineofsight.Thenwalk

inabeeline(i.e.,asstraightaspossible),keepingthelandmarksinsight.•Leaveasign,

Asyougo,it'sagoodideatoleavemarkers,orasign,tohelppotentialrescuerslocate

you.Waystoleaveasignincludedraggingaheavystick,proppingup(支撑，撑

住)sticksorrocksinunnaturalwaysormakingaflagfromastickandsometrashora

cloth.StepFour-TrytoPickupaTrail(ifappropriate)Can'tfindyourtrail?Ifyou've

optedtostaymobile,youmightwanttopickupanyoldtrail...anypaththatprobably

leadstosomewhere,ifonlytoabetterpath.Inthatcase:•Keepinmindthattrailsarc

usuallyinlogicalplaces,i.e.wherethelandwillbemoretraversable(能越过的).Search

nexttocreeksorrivers,onorbelowridges,andacrossmeadows.•Holdinganeyeto

yourpresentlocation,wanderaroundintheimmediatearea,say50yards/metersinall

directions.Likelookingoveryourshoulder(seeStep3),thechangeinperspectivemay

jog(唤起，提醒)yourmemory.Ifyou'renotaloneyoucanrangeevenfurther:Designate

onepersonasthestayput"anchor",andhavetheotherswanderaroundwithincarshot(听

力所及的范围).Havetheanchorshoutoutperiodicallyyellingoutthetimeeveryminute

ontheminuteisagoodidea.

2、Thistutorial'sgoalistotumyouintoawildernessorientationexpertorasurvival

expert.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：第六段第三句话指出"It'snormaltofeelscared,butkeepinmindthat

allyou'velostisabitofinformation.“感到害怕是正常的,但要记住；你迷失的也

许是一种信息。题干内容与该句话相符合，所以正确。

7^Oneofthecommonreactionswhenyougetlostisfear,whichmaycauseyourunning

aroundwildly.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章第八段指出“Therearetwocommonreactionsyoullwantto

avoid.Oneispanic,whichusuallytriggerstheflightresponseinhumans.Running

wildlyaround,evenforafewminutes,couldgetyouirretrievablylost(ifnot

injured)."你应当避免的是两个反应：一是恐慌，这是人的通常的反应，亳无目的

地跑上几分钟会使你不可挽回地永远迷了路，题干与原文相符。

8、Whenyoucalmdownalittlebit,trytothinktwiceanddiscusshowtofindanother

way.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第九段指出“Nowthatyou'recalm,collectedandnotindenial,sit

downandthinkthingsthrough.Howlonghaveyoubeenlost?Mentallytraceyour

thoughtsbacktothelastpointwhereyoudefinitelyknewyourlocation.”现在你静下心、

来，不要放弃，坐下来想一想，你迷路了多长时间?回忆你能够确定方向的最后地

点，由此可知此信息与题干不一致。

9、Ifyou'relostfortenminutesbutatenminutewalkdoesn'treturnyoutoyourtrail,

you'dbetterstopand

标准答案：returntoyouroriginallocation,andtryagain

知识点解析：在第三步骤中提到了“Ifyou'vebeenlostfortenminutesbutatenminute

walkdoesn'treturnyoutoyourtrail,you'rejustgettingmorelost.Insuchacase,

pauseandreturntoyouroriginallocation,thentryagain."如果你已经迷路十分钟,

但是再走十分钟仍无法返叵原处，那就说明你走错了。在这种情况下，最好的办法

是返回原处,再试一次。由此可知此处该填returntoyouroriginallocation,andtry

againo

10、ThepassageinStepThreesuggeststhatit'sagoodideatoleavemarkers,orasign

to.

标准答案：helppotentiallescueislocateyou

知识点解析：第三步骤中的最后一条建议指出"Asyougo.ifsagoodideatoleave

markers,orasign,tohelppotentialrescuerslocateyou.”在你行进途中最好留下标

记或记号可以使可能营救你的人找到你，由此可知此处该填helppotentialrescuers

locateyouo

11、StepFourmentionsthattrailsareusuallyinlogicalplaces,trytoseektrailsnear

标准答案：creeksorrivers

知识点解析：第四步骤中的第一条忠告提到了“Keepinmindthattrailsareusuallyin

logicalplaces,i.e.wherethelandwillbemoretraversable.Searchnexttocreeksor

rivers,onorbelowridges,andacrossmeadows.”此忠告建议沿着小溪或河流寻

找。故creeksorrivers为正确答案。

三、听力短对话（本题共8题，每题7.0分，共8分。）

12、

A、Feelsorrythatshecan'thelptheman.

B、Lendthemanherpencilandpaper.

C、Asksomeoneelsetohelptheman.

D、Givethemanthenotes.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、

A、Jasonwillarriveat7:30.

B、Jasonshouldhavearrivedat8:00

C、Jasonisusuallypunctual.

D、Jasonisnotverypunctual.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、

A、Inarailwaystation.

B、Inahotelroom.

C、Inarestaurant.

D、Attheairport.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：哲无解析

15、

AxShewillhelpthemanlater.

B、Shedoesn'twanttohelphimwiththehomework.

C、Themanshoulddothehomeworkhimself.

D^Themanshouldwatchtheprogramfirst.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

16、

A、Amovie.

B、Alecture.

C、Aplay.

D^Aspeech.

标准答秦・C

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、

A、Heusuallytalksquietly.

B、Heusuallyassignshomework.

C、Hedidn'tteachclasstoday.

D、Henoticedthatthestudentsdidn'tdotheirhomework..

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、

A、Theshowistoodifficulttounderstand.

B、Thereisnothingworthseeingthere.

C、Shedoesn'tunderstandwhat'sontheshow.

D^Theroomistoosmallfortheaudience.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、

A^Theweatherischangeable.

B、Theweatherforecastisunreliable.

C、Itwillrainverysoon.

D、Shehasn\readthenewspaper.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

四、听力长对话（含3小题）（本题共3题，每题1.0

分,共3分。）

20、

A^in（hemiddleofthesemester

B、atthebeginningofexams

C、attheendoftheschoolyear

D、inthemiddleofsummervacation

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

21、

A、arockandmineralshow

B、anoperaattheconcerthall

C、amovieatthestudentcenter

D、apopularmusicconcert

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

22、

A、becauseshegetsastudentdiscount

B、becauseBobdoesn'thaveverymuchmoney

C、becauseshelostabetandowesBobmoney

D、becauseBoblefthiswalletathome

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

五、听力长对话（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题7.0

分,共4分。）

23、

A^Passhismathclass.

B、Getagoodjob.

C、Gethisdegree.

D、Changehisfieldofstudy.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

24、

A、Firstyear.

B、Secondyear.

C、Thirdyear.

D、Fourthyear.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

25、

A^Theinstructordidnotlikehim.

B、Hedidnotbotherwithstudying.

C、Hemadeamistakeearlyintheproblem.

D、Hewantedtotransferout.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

26、

A^psychology

B、math

C^English

D、material

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

六、听力短文（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题1.0

分,共4分。）

27、

A、Acaroutsidethesupermarket.

B、Acaratthebottomofthehill.

C、Paul'scar.

D、Thesportscar.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

28、

A^Insidethecar.

B、Atthefootofthehill.

C、Inthegarage.

D、In（hesupermarket.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

29、

A、Thedriverofthesportscar.

B、Thetwogirlsinsidethecar.

C、Thebusdriver.

D^Paul.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

30、

A、Nobody.

B、Thetwogirls.

C^Themanstandingnearby.

D、ThesalesmanfromLondon.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

七、听力复合式听写（本题共4题，每题7.0分，共

〃分。）

Allchildrenarc[Bl]ofhavingfriends,althoughhighselfesteemreallyhelps

them[B2],saysKathyNoll.NollistheauthorofTakingtheBullybythe

Horns,whichoffershelptobothbulliesandtheirvictims.Howcanyoutellwhetheryour

childmaybehavingtroublemakingfriends?Nolllistsseveralwarningsignstowatch

for:depression,[B3]togotoschool,difficullyconcentrating,poorgrades,

doesn'tbringotherkidshometoplay,seemstogetalongbetterwith[B4].To

helpyourchildmakefriends,you'needtoshowthatyou[R5]andcanhe

(rusted.Focuson(he[B6],Nollsays.Insteadofpointingoutwhatiscausing

yourchild'sfailure,talkaboutwhathecandotosucceed.Nollpointsoutthatthe[B7]

ofsuccessimprovewithbetterbasic[B8]skills.Theadviceto"hold

yourheadhigh"isn'tjustfigurativeinthiscase.Yourchildcouldlooklikeaneasytarget

ifshewalkswithherheadandshouldersdown,speaksmeekly,ordoesn'tmakeeye

contact.[B9].Ifhe(ellsyouhe'sfearfulaboutanewsituationbecausehewon't

knowanyone,remindhimoftimeshe'striumphedinsimilarsituations.Ifyourdaughter

comeshomefromValentine'sDayatschoolcrushedbecauseshedidn'tgetanycards,

talktoheraboutthosefeelings.Don'tdismissthem;thehurtisveiyreal.Talkabout

possiblereasonswhyshedidn'tgetvalentines.Maybeherfriendsdidn'tmakethem.

Maybetheydidn'thavecuouglifureveryone,ormaybetheyfurgullobringtlicm.

Experienceslikethisdohappentokids,andthey'reverypainfulblowstoachild's

selfesteemandconfidence.[BIO].Thetimeyouspendonthisisaninvestment

inyourchild'swellbeing.[Bl1],Nollsays."Butallchildrenarecapableof—

anddeservingof-loveandfriendship."

31、[Bl]

标准答案：capable

知识点解析：哲无解析

32、[B2]

标准答案：succeed

知识点解析：暂无解析

33、[B3]

标准答案：reluctance

知识点解析：暂无解析

34、[B4]

标准答案：adults

知识点解析：暂无解析

35、[B5]

标准答案：care

知识点解析：担无解析

36、[B6]

标准答案:positive

知识点解析：暂无解析

37、[B7]

标准答案:odds

知识点解析：暂无解析

38、[B8]

标准答案：social

知识点解析：暂无解析

39、[B9]

标准答案：Throughoutallofthis,talkingwithyourchildiscrucial

知识点解析：暂无解析

40、[BIO]

标准答案：Butwiththerighthelpandlovefromaparent,theycanbuildstrength

知识点解析：暂无解析

41、[Bll]

标准答案：Stalinmaybemoreopenitthanothers,dependingontheirperceptionsof

themselvesandtheworld,andalsotheinfluenceoftheircaretakers

知识点解析：暂无解析

八、阅读（选词填空）（本题共70题，每题7.0分，共

70分。）

Wcoftenthinkofagricultureasplantingseedsandharvestingcrops.Butmanycropsdo

notcomefromseeds.Manykindsoftreesandplantsaregrownfrom[SI]cut

fromexistingtreesandplants.Thisiscalledgrafting（夕家接）.Farmerscutbranchesor

younggrowths,called[S2],fromoneplantandplacethemonarelatedkindof

plant.Thebranchorbudthatisgraftediscalledascion（接穗）.Theplantthat[S3]

thegraftiscalledtherootstock.Overtime,the[S4]fromthetwoplants

growtogether,thegraftedplantbeginsto[S5]theleavesandfruitofthescion,

nottherootstock.Agraftcar.becutinseveralways.Acleftgraft（割接,劈接），for

example,requiresascionwithseveralbudsonit.Thebottomofthescioniscutinthe

[S6]oftheletterV.Aplaceiscutintherootstocktoacceptthescion.The

scionisthen[S7]placedintothecutontherootstock.Growthmediumisput

onthe[S8]tokeepitwetandhelpthegrowth.Graftingcanjoinscionswith

LS9]qualitiestorootstockthatisstrongandresistsdiseaseandinsects.Some

commonfruittreessuchassv/eetcherrieshavetobegrafted.Inanageofhightechnology

agriculture,graftingisalowtechnologymethodthatremains[S10]important.A

blossomsBpiecesCcomposesDpartsEsecurelyFextremelyGbudsHagreeableI

acceptsJfirmlyKgrowLdesirableMproduceNshapeOjoin

42、[SI]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

43、[S2]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：暂无解析

44、[S3]

标准答窠：I

知识点解析：暂无解析

45、[S4]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

46、[S5]

标准答案：M

知识点解析：暂无解析

47、[S6]

标准答案：N

知识点解析：暂无解析

48、[S7]

标准林宏.F

知识2解析：暂无解析

49、[S8]

标准答案：O

知识点解析：暂无解析

50、[S9]

标准答案：L

知识点解析：暂无解析

51、[S10]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：担无解析

九、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共加题，每题

分，共70分。）

ThreeYaleUniversityprofessorsagreedinapaneldiscussiontonightthattheautomobile

waswhatoneofthemcalled"PublicHealthEnemyNo.1inthiscountry.'Besides

pollutingtheairandcongestingthecities,carsareinvolvedirmorethanhalfthe

disablingaccidents,andtheycontributetoheartdisease"becausewedon'twalk

anywhereanymore,"saidDr.H.RichardWeinerman,professorofmedicineandpublic

health.Relatingmanyofthesemanmadehazardsio（heautomobile,ArthurW.Galsion,a

professorofbiology,saiditwaspossibletomakeakeroseneburningturbinecarthat

would"lessensmogbyaverylargefactor."ButheexpresseddoubtthatAmericanswere

willingtogiveupmovingaboutthecountrysideat90milesanhourinalargevehicle.

"Americaseemsweddedtothemotorcar-everyfamilyhastohaveatleasttwo,andone

hastobeaconvertiblewith3DOhorsepower,"ProfessorGalstoncontinued."Is（histhe

wayoflifethatwechoosebecausewecherishthesevalues?"ForProfessorSears,partof

theblamelieswith"asocietythatregardsprofitasasupremevalue,undertheillusion

thatanythingthat'stechnicallypossibleis,therefore,ethicallyjustified."ProfessorSeam

alsocalledthecountry'sdependenceonitsmodemautomobiles"lousyeconomics"

becauseofthelargehorsepowerusedsimply"movingoneindividualtowork".Buthe

concededthatAmericanshavepaintedthemselvesintoacomerbyallowingthenational

economytobecomesorelianrontheautomobileindustry.Thesolution.Dr.Weinerman

said,"isnottofindalessdangerousfuelbutadifferentsystemofinncrcity

transportation.Becauseoftheincreasinguseofcars,publictransportationhasbeen

allowedtowitheranddegenerate,sothatifyoucan'twalktowhereyouwanttogo,you

havetohaveacarinmostcities,"heassorted.Thisinturn.Dr.Weinermancontended,is

responsiblefbrthe"arteriosclerosis'ofpublicroads,fortheblightoftheinnercityand

fbrthemiddleclassmovemenrto（hesuburbs.

52、Themainideaofthepassageisthat.

A、Americansaretooattachedtotheircars

B、publictransportationinAmericaiswelldevelopcd

C、Americancarsaretoofast

D^automobilesendangerhealth

标准答案：D

知识点解析：主旨大意题。见文章的第一句话。是全文的主题句。指明了健康的头

号敌人就是汽车，并且，在后面的段落中，指出了其原因及解决办法，故选项D

是正确的。

53、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A^peoplearemoreinterestedinfastautomobiles(hanintheirhealth

B、Americansfeelmorecloselytiedtotheircarsthantotheirwives

C、keroseneburningengineswouldpollutetheenvironmentmorethangasolineburning

enginesdo

D^keroseneburningcarswouldgofasterthangasolinepoweredcars

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节推论题。选项B、C、D在文章中没有泥到，而A项内容可以参

考文章第二段第一、二句话。Galslon教授提出制造装有煤油发动机的汽车，这样

可以减少排放的废气，可是又担心人们是否会放弃在乡间以每小时90英里的高速

驾车的快乐，所以选项A为正确选择。

54、FromParagraph3weknowthat.

A^technologyisalwaysgoodfbrpeople

B、technologyisnotalwaysgoodforpeople

C、financialprofitismoreimportantthantechnologicaladvancement

Americanpeoplecareaboutbothenvironmentpollutionandtechnological

development

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节推理题。从第三段第一句得知，作者认为一部分责任应该归咎于

把利润看得非常重要的社会，并且在下文中作者指出，一个国家的经济过分依赖于

汽车业，应视其为“劣等经济”，由此推断，C项为正确答案。

55、Theword"lousy"inLine3Paragraph3canbebestreplacedby.

A^clever

B、necessary

C、inferior

D^developed

标准答案：C

知识点解析：词汇题。从第三段第一句话知道作者对于汽车工业是持否定态度的，

而第二句话的内容进一步解释第一句话的含义，故推断出lousy一定是个贬义词，

所以，inferior就是lousy的含义。

56、AccordingtoDr.Weinerman,thesolutionis.

A、afuellessdangerousthangasolinemustbefound

B、peopleshouldgetridoftheircarsandlakethebustowork

C、onefamilyshouldownjustonecar

D^publictransportationshouldbeimprovedsothatpeoplecanbecomelessdependent

upontheircarsforinncrcitytransportation

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。见文章的最后一段内容，文章指出了惟一的解决办法就是改

善城市的公共交通系统，减少家用汽车的使用数量，所以选项D为正确答案。

Nationalpartiesin(heUnited'Stateshavegenerallybeenweakinstructureandwaryof

ideology.ManywritershavesaidthatAmericanpartiesaretheleastcentralizedinthe

world.However,theargumentthatpartieshavenotrepresentedsignificantdifferencesin

policycanbepushedtoofar.Forexample,inthelastcentury,atleasttheRepublicans

havebeenmorecommittedthantheDemocratstoamarketorientedeconomy,whilethe

Democratshavebeenmorepreparedtousegovernmenttoaddresseconomicproblems.

Withinbothpartiestherehadbeenwidevarianceonissues,butingeneraltheRepublican

hasbeenthemoreconservativeandtheDemocratsthemoreliberal.Bothparties,

however,haveresistedreducingthesetendenciesintheirsocial,economic,andmoral

beliefsystemstoarigidideology.Andneither,untilrecently,gavemuchauthorityinits

nationalpartystructure.Atstateandlocallevels,ontheotherhand,partyorganizations

oftenachievedimpressivelevelsofsolidarityandinternaldiscipline.BothDemocratsand

Republicansmaintainedpowerfullocalpoliticalorganizationsinmanycitiesandstates.

Whatevertheirmeritsordemerits,thetraditionalorganizationswentintosteepdecline

during(he1950sand1960s.Theoldorganizationslosttheabilitytomaintaindiscipline.

Theshareofvotersregarding(hemselvesas.politicalindependence,(haiis,peoplenot

affiliatedwitheitherofthemajorparties,rose.Therewereseveralreasonsforthelossof

effectivenessofthem<yorpartyorganizations.Developmentofawelfarestate

administeredbythefederalgovernmentestablishedsomeoftheservicesthathad

formerlybeendistributedbytheorganizationsaspoliticalfavors.Asrecentimmigrants

becamemoreeducatedtheywerelessdependentonpartyworkers.Theinclusionofmore

stateemployeesundercivilserviceprotectiondriedupsomeoftheoldwellsof

patronage.Growingunionizationofpublicemployeesafter1960struckanevenmore

seriousblowatthepatronagesystem.Televisionbroughtcandidatesintovoters'living

rooms,therebyantiquatingsomeofthecommunicationandeducationfunctionsofparty

workers.Mostofall,perhaps,theoldtribaldifferencesassociatedwiththepartiesbegan

toseemirrelevanttomembersofgenerationsthatsoughtfreshidentities.

57、Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

A^Americanpoliticalpartiesinihetwentiethcentury.

B、TheroleofideologyinAmericanpolitics.

C、ThefuturedirectionofUnitedStatespolitics.

D^DifferencebetweenRepublicansandDemocrats.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：主旨大意题。文章的第一段第一句话是主题句，指出了美国党派组织

的特点，并且根据下面的几段内容得知，美国的党派过去及现在的发展趋势，所

以，选项A概括了全文的主题思想。

58、According(othepassage,whatis(rueofthemajorpoliticalpartiesintheUnited

Stales?

AsTheyarcbothgenerallyconservative.

B、Partyorganizationshavebeenstrongeratthestatelevelthanalthenationallevel.

C、Parlyorganizationshaveincreasedtheirinfluencein1950s.

D^DemocratshavebeenstrongerthanRepublicansatthenationallevel.

标准答案：B

知识点解析:推理题。见文章的第三段内容“Atstateandlocallevels,ontheother

hand,partyorganizationsoftenachievedimpressivelevelsofsolidarityandinternal

discipline…''从这句话可以知道，两个党派组织在州和地方层面上是高度团结和纪

律严明的。并且，由笫一段最后一句诏得出结论A项是错误的，C项内容可由笫

四段第一句话内容排除是错误的，第二段最后一句说明D项错误，因此，B项内

容是正确的。

59Theword"steep"(line1Para.4)isclosestinmeaningto.

A^characteristic

B、sharp

C、slow

D、predictable

标准答案：B

知识点解析；词汇题。从第四段开始，文章主要训.党派组织的衰败，所以推论出

steep的含义为sharpo

6。、Thepassagementionsallofthefollowingascausesofthedeclineofpolitical

organizationsintheUnitedStatesexcept.

A、increasednumbersofimmigrants

B、developmentofthewelfarestate

C、improvedconditionsforstateworkers

D^theinfluenceoftelevision

标准答案：A

知