雨课堂学堂在线学堂云《Introduction to Communication Studies（重庆邮电大学）》单元测试考核答案

IntroductiontoCommunicationStudies第1题WhichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredacommunicator?()AJournalistBListenerCTeacherDNewspaper第2题Amessageiscomposedofasetofinterrelated,meaningful()thatcanconveymeaning.AMediaBOutcomeCSymbolsDReceiver第3题ThecorrectdescriptionofLasswell's5WModelis:()ACommunicator-Media-Message-Effect-ReceiverBCommunicator-Message-Media-Receiver-EffectCMessage-Communicator-Media-Receiver-EffectDCommunicator-Message-Media-Effect-Receiver第4题IntheShannon-WeaverModel,theconceptof"noise"existsonlyinwhichpart?()AChannelBTransmitterCInformationSourceDDestination第5题Thefivemainresearchareasofmasscommunicationstudiesare:()AControlAnalysisBMediaAnalysisCEffectAnalysisDAudienceAnalysis第1题ThetwopartiesconstitutingthecommunicationprocessinSchramm'sMassCommunicationModelare:()AMassMediaandAudienceBPublicandMediaSystemCPublicandAudienceDMassMediaandMediaSystem第2题IntheOsgood-SchrammCircularModel,thefunctionsperformedbytheencoderinclude:()AInterpretingMeaningBSymbolizingCReceivingandDecodingSymbolsDConveying第3题ThecharacteristicsthatdistinguishtheDeFleurModelfromtheShannon-WeaverModelinclude:()ADescribingElectronicCommunicationProcessesBAddingFeedbackElementsCExpandingtheConceptofNoiseDFocusingonInteractivityinHumanCommunication第4题Noisecanaffectnotonlythechannel,butalsoanylinkorelementinthe()and()processes.ATransmissionBReceptionCFeedbackDCirculation1.3.2Quiz:Riley&RileyModelofCommunication第1题IntheRiley&Riley’smodelofcommunicationsystems,whichofthefollowingisnotagroupsystemtowhichanindividualsystembelongs?APrimaryGroupBLargerSocialStructureCSecondaryGroupDReferenceGroup第2题Secondarygroupsmainlyreferto:AWork-basedGroupBNeighborhoodGroupCKinshipGroupDLocation-basedGroup第3题Whichbelongtothecategoryofsocialsystemmodels?ALasswell’sLinearModelBRiley&Riley’sModelCSchramm’sInteractiveModelDMaletzke’sSystemModel第4题FeaturesoftheRiley&Rileycommunicationsystemmodelinclude:AGroupsfunctionwithinlargersocialsystemsBIndividualsbelongtogroupsystemsCEachindividualhasintrapersonalcommunicationDInterpersonallinksbetweenindividuals第5题Whichofthefollowingaretypesofprimarygroups?AFamilyBJuryCPlaygroupDFactory1.4.2Quiz:Maletzke’sModelofMassCommunication第1题Inthestudyofcommunicationprocessmodels,whichscholarviewedmasscommunicationasa"field"wherevarioussocialinfluences(includingsocio-psychologicalfactors)interact?ASchrammBLazarsfeldCMaletzkeDShannon第2题Whichofthefollowingisnotconsideredaninternalfactorinfluencingthecommunicator?AGroupMembershipBPersonalQualitiesCValuesDSelf-Image第3题Whichofthefollowingisnotconsideredanexternalfactorinfluencingthecommunicator?ASocialStatusBPositionCAdministrativePowerDCognitiveStructure第4题InMaletzke’ssystemmodel,factorsaffectingboththemessageandthemediumprimarilystemfrom:ACommunicator’sGatekeepingBAudience’sSelectiveExposureCAudience’sNaturalEnvironmentDCommunicator’sSelf-Concept第5题InMaletzke’ssystemmodelofmasscommunication,externalfactorsinfluencingthecommunicatorinclude:ACommunicator’sPersonalityBMediaContent/PublicnessCOrganization&SocialPressureDAudienceFeedbackConstraints2.1.2Quiz:GatekeepingTheory第1题WhoisthefounderofGatekeepingTheory?()AHovlandBKurtLewinCMcLuhanDMeyrowitz第2题WhattermdidWhiteusetodescribetheroleofthenewsmediainselecting,processing,andeditingnumerousnewsitems?()AGatekeeperBCommunicatorCReceiverDOrganizer第3题WhatdidKurtLewinstudy,leadinghimtofirstintroducetheterm"gatekeeping"inhis1947workFrontiersinGroupDynamicsII:ChannelsofGroupLife,SocialPlanning,andActionResearch?()AThegatekeepingroleofmediainselectingnewsmaterialsBThegatekeepingroleofhousewivesinselectinghouseholdfoodCThegatekeepingroleofcensorsinscreeningonlineinformationDThegatekeepingroleofteachersinselectingteachingcontent第4题Whatfactorsinfluencethecriteriaofagatekeeper'sselection?()AThegatekeeper'spersonaltraits,andthegroups/organizationstheybelongtoBThebroadersocialenvironmentandlegalpoliciesCThenatureoftheinformationitselfDChannelsandtheaudience2.2.2Quiz:OpinionLeaders第1题In1971,whichAmericanscholar(s)explicitlyproposedtheconceptof"multi-stepflowofcommunication"?ARogersBLippmannCLasswellDSchramm第2题Accordingtothetwo-stepflowtheory,whatistheintermediarylinkininformationdissemination?AMassMediaBOpinionLeaderCInternetDAudience第3题Representativeworksthatconstitutethe"communicationflow"researchinclude:AThePeople'sChoice(Lazarsfeldetal.)BPersonalInfluence(Katzetal.)CDiffusionofInnovations(Rogers)DLibertyandtheNews(Lippmann)第4题Characteristicsof"opinionleaders"include:AOftenshareequalstatuswithfollowersBEvenlydistributedacrossallsocialstrataCMonomorphicorpolymorphicinfluenceDWidesocialconnections2.3.2Quiz:Communicators’CredibilityandPersuasion第1题Whichstatementabouthowpersuasivemessagesinfluencepersuasioneffectsiscorrect?AGreaterattitudinaldiscrepancyleadstogreaterchange.BOne-sidedmessagesworkbestwhenthere'sinitialagreement.CAudioinformationisbestforcomplexmessages.DHigherfeararousalleadstogreaterattitudechange.第2题Accordingtothe"sleepereffect"theory,whichofthefollowingisnotanimportantwaytoenhancepersuasion?AIncreasingthevolumeofinformationBEnhancingthesource'scredibility.CImprovingtheargumentquality.DRaisingthesource'sexpertise.第3题IntheexperimentsbyHovlandandWeiss,thecredibilityofthecommunicatorincludedwhichelements?AIntelligenceBTrustworthinessCExpertiseDPhysicalAppearance第4题Themeasurementofcommunicationeffectsprimarilyfocusesonwhichtwodimensions?ALinearBTimeCArea/SurfaceDSpace/Level第5题Whatarethespecificmanifestationsofthesleepereffect?ALow-credibilitysourceshaveweakimmediateeffects.BHigh-credibilitysourceshavestrongimmediateeffects.CEffectofhigh-credibilitysourcesdecaysovertime.DEffectoflow-credibilitysourcesmayincreaseovertime.2.4.2Quiz:Communicators’StandpointandCommunicationEffects-第1题AccordingtoHuangHaifeng'sexperiment,whenthegovernmentreleasesdetailedandconclusiverumorsrefutations,itcan:AReduceparticipants'beliefinthespecificcontentoftherumor.BRestoreparticipants'trustinthegovernmentontherelevantissue.CCauseparticipantstospreadmorerumors.DRestoreparticipants'overallevaluationofthegovernmentontherelevanttopic.第2题Whichofthefollowingfactorsrelatedtothecommunicatorcaninfluencetheaudience'sjudgmentofthemessagecontent?ATheaudience'smood.BThecommunicatorhasaclearstanceontheevent.CThecommunicatorhasaclearbiastowardsthepersoninvolved.DTheenvironmentduringcommunication.3.1.2Quiz:SignsandMeanings第1题Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutsymbolsandmeaningiscorrect?ASymbolsprecedemeaning.BSymbolicsignsareunambiguous.CMeaningisfixedandunchanging.DSymbolscanonlybemasteredandunderstoodinspecificcontexts.第2题Whichconceptsareincludedinthedefinitionof"meaning"?AMeaningisthementalcontentofinformation.BMeaningistherecognitionofnatural/socialthingsandgossipaboutcelebrities.CMeaningisanabstractidealistconcept.DMeaningisthesignificanceassignedbypeopletoobjects.第3题Whichofthefollowingarefunctionsofsymbols?ARepresentationalfunctionBCommunicativefunctionCReasoning/ThoughtfunctionDUnderstandingfunction第4题Informationisaunifiedentitycomposedofwhichtwoelements?ASymbol(Signifier)BSignalCMeaning(Signified)DGuidance第5题Whichofthefollowingstatementsaccuratelydescribethecharacteristicsofsymbolicsigns?ATheyareartificial,human-madesigns.BTheycanrepresentabstractideas.CTheyareculturallytransmitted.DTheycanbefreelycreated.3.2.2Quiz:SymbolicInteractionTheory第1题Traditionalsocietyfocusedonmaterialproductionandconsumption,whileinmodernsociety,buyingfamousbrandsprimarilyinvolvesconsumingthemeaningconveyedby().AThematerialobjectitselfBTheconsumerthemselvesCThemanufacturerDThesymbolicmeaningofthematerialobject第2题Whatarethefundamentalpremisesofsymbolicsocialinteraction?APeopleactbasedonmeanings.BMeaningarisesfromsocialinteraction.CPeopleuseacommonlanguageforcommunication.DMeaningisinterpretedbypeople.第3题EnhancingculturalconfidenceamongChinesepeoplerequires().ADeeplyexploringtheconnotationsoftraditionalChineseculture.BActivelybuyingimportedgoods.CEnhancingtheattractivenessofculturalsymbols.DWatchingintroducedforeignTVdramas.第4题Whichbehaviorsexemplifysymbolicaction?AGivingapandaplushtoaforeignfriend(symboloffriendship/culture).BGivingflowersonMother'sDay(symboloflove/gratitude).CSendingasmileemojionWeChat(symbolicexpressionofmood).DGivingchocolateonValentine'sDay(symbolofromance).3.3.2Quiz:HowMessageIsPresentedMatters?第1题Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutcommunicationskillsandeffectsisincorrect?AOne-sidedpresentationinvolvesprovidingeitheronlyfavorableoronlyunfavorablematerials.BTheeffectsofone-sided/two-sidedmessagesdependonaudienceandmediafactors.CExplicitconclusionsworkbetterforcomplextopicsorlesseducatedaudiences.DStrongerfearappealsincreasearousalbutmaydecreasepersuasiveeffectiveness.第2题Whichofthefollowingcorrectlydescribesone-sidedvs.two-sidedpresentation?A"Medicinecuresbutoverdoseharms"isone-sided.B"Aneffectiveweight-lossdrugisharmful"istwo-sided.C"Stocktradingguaranteesprofit"istwo-sided.D"Stocktradingmayprofitorlose"isone-sided.第3题Whichstatementaboutappealtoreasonvs.appealtoemotioniscorrect?AAppealtoemotionisbetterthanreason.BBothmethodshavethesameeffect.CAppealtoemotionusesemotionallanguagetocreateatmosphere.DAppealtoemotionisweakerthanreason.第4题Whatarekeyelementsofhigh-qualitytext?ASensationaliststoriesBSolidandsufficientevidenceCVividanddescriptivepresentationDDetailedandsubstantialcontent第5题BasedonJanis'sresearchonfearappeals,whichstatementsarecorrect?AStrongerfearappealsincreasepsychologicaltension.BStrongerfearappealsincreaseattitude/behaviorchange.CStrongerfearappealsdecreasepsychologicaltension.DStrongerfearappealscandecreaseattitude/behaviorchange.4.1.2Quiz:CategoriesandDevelopmentofMedia第1题Whoproposedthat"themediumisthemessage,"meaningthetrulysignificantmessageisnotthecontentconveyedbythemediaofvariouseras,butthemediumitself?AHartBSchrammCLazarsfeldDMcLuhan第2题Thepresentationalmediasystemcantransmitinformationincluding:ASpeechBExchangingObjectsCFacialExpressions&GesturesDTextMessages第3题AccordingtoHart'sclassificationbasedonthedependenceofinformationproducers,communicators,andreceiversonmediaexternaltothehumanbody,mediaaredividedinto:APresentationalMediaSystemBRepresentationalMediaSystemCManifestMediaSystemDMachineMediaSystem第4题Whichofthefollowingmediabelongtothemachinemediasystem?ABroadcast&TelevisionBTelephoneCInternetDPhonographRecord4.2.2Quiz:HaroldAdamsInnis:TheBiasofCommunications第1题Whichofthefollowingoptionshasthestrongestspace-bindingcharacteristic?AFossilBStoneTabletCOracleBoneDPaper第2题WhatisthecorefocusofHaroldInnis'smediabiastheory?AMedia'sinfluenceonsocialandcivilizationalforms.BThetime-orspace-biasofmedia.CTherelationshipbetweenmediaandthehumanbody.DThenatureofmedia.第3题Whichstatementsarecorrectregardingcivilizationsdominatedbytime-biasedmedia?ASmallerrealmofgovernance.BEmphasisontraditionandcentralizedpower.CEmphasisonspatialexpansion.DEmphasisoninterpretinghistoricalmeanings.第4题Whichofthefollowingoptionsaretime-biasedmedia?AFossilBStoneTabletCPapyrusDOracleBone第5题WhichstatementscorrectlydescribeHaroldAdamsInnis'smediabiastheory?AMediacanbedividedintocoolandhotmedia.BSomemediahavebothtimeandspacebiases.CSomemediaarebiasedtowarddiffusionacrossspace.DSomemediaarebiasedtowardpreservationthroughtime.4.3.2Quiz:MarshallMcLuhan’sMediaTheories第1题WhichofthefollowingisNOTacriterionforclassifyinghotandcoolmedia?AAudienceParticipationBDefinitionCInformationQuantityDTransmissionRange第2题AccordingtoMcLuhan'stheorythat"allmediaareextensionsofman,"theradioisanextensionofthehuman().AVisionBTasteCTouchDHearing第3题Thestatement"Themediumisthemessage"isathesisproposedbywhichscholar?ANeilPostmanBTheodorAdornoCMarshallMcLuhanDJean-PaulSartre第4题McLuhandividedmediaintohotandcoolmedia.Coolmedialeavemorespaceforaudienceparticipationandexhibitlowerinformationintensity.Whichofthefollowingisacoolmedium?ACartoonsBPhotographsCTelephoneDBooks第5题Hotmediaarecharacterizedbyhighdefinition,highinformationquantity,andlowaudienceparticipation.Whichofthefollowingisahotmedium?ATelevisionBPictographsCSoundfilmsDPhotographs4.4.2Quiz:NeilPostman’sMediaTheories第1题"Mediaisnotonlyaworldviewbutalsoamethodology;thatis,medianotonlytellsuswhattheworldis,butalsodetermineshowweperceivetheworld."Thisistheviewofwhichscholar?APostmanBMcLuhanCLevinsonDInnis第2题NeilPostman'smediatheoryincludeswhichofthefollowingthreeaspects?ATechnopolyBMediaasMetaphorCMediaEducationTheoryDMediaInfluenceTheory第3题AccordingtoMeyrowitz'sSituationTheory,whichofthefollowingbehaviorsareappropriate?ALaughingwhenafriendfalls,bleeds,andcries.BCryingsadlyatanelder'sfuneral.CLaughingheartilyatabirthdayparty.DSmilinghappilyuponwinningfirstplaceinclass.第4题AccordingtoPostman,thelong-termimpactofextensivetelevisionviewingonhowaudiencesperceivetheworldis:ALackofcriticalandanalyticalability.BTendencytoreceiveinformationwithoutinterpretation.CThinkingbecomesmoreflexibleandinnovative.DGreaterrelianceonsenses,particularlysightandsound.第5题Whichbehaviorsarelikelytocontributetothe"DisappearanceofChildhood,"asdiscussedbyPostman?AChildrenwatchingviolentmovies.BChildrenwatchingviolentmovies.CChildrenwatchinganalysesofbloodycriminalcases.DChildrenwatchingage-appropriatecartoons.4.5.2Quiz:InformationSocietyandtheDigitalGap第1题Intheageofmechanicalmedia,therequirementsforresources,knowledge,andabilityarehigherforbothcommunicatorsandaudiences.()whopossessricherresourcesandgreatercapabilitiescanfurtherenhancetheircontroloverinformationandsocietywiththehelpofinformationtechnology.ASocialElitesBPrimary/SecondaryStudentsCTheUnemployedDFarmers第2题The"DigitalDivide"refersto:ANatureofInformationBGapininformationpossession,processing,andcontrolabilityCDefinitionofInformationDInformationCategories第3题Thecriterionforjudgingwhetherasocietyhasenteredtheinformationageistolookat:ASocialstatusoftheownersofthecoremeansofproductionBWhetherproductionvaluesalignwithfundamentalhumaninterestsCValuecreatedbysocialproductiveforcesDThesystemimplementedbythesociety第4题Besideseconomicconditionsforaccessingmediaandlearning,whatarethereasonsforthewidening"knowledgegap"?ADifferencesinmediausagehabitsBDifferencesinsocialcirclesCDifferencesinexistingknowledge储备DDifferencesincommunicationskills第5题Tichenorandotherscholarsbelievethat,besideseconomicfactorsofaccessingmediaandlearning,thereasonsforthecontinuouswideningofthe"knowledgegap"includethe()ofrichandpoorgroupsandthenatureofmassmediaitself.ADifferencesinmediausagehabitsBDifferencesinexistingknowledge储备CDifferencesinsocialcirclesDDifferencesincommunicationskills5.1.2Quiz:InnerCommunicationandtheCentralRoutesTheory第1题Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostlikelytoinvolveelaborateprocessingofinformation?AAcollegeseniorlearningaboutaspringjobfair.BAprimaryschoolstudentreceivingacallforparticipationinauniversitysportsmeet.CAskateboarderlearningaboutasoccermatch.DAcleanerlearningaboutahotelmanagerrecruitment.第2题Theperipheralroutetoinformationprocessingincludes:AIn-depthanalysisofabstractconcepts.BInstinctivereactions.CIntrospectivethinking.DPerceptual-levelcognition.第3题Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutintrapersonalcommunicationarecorrect?AProcessingexternalinformationinternally.BIncludesthinkingbeforegivingfeedback.CIsthebasisforallsocialcommunication.DIsthestartofLasswell's5Wmodel.第4题Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthereceiver/audiencearecorrect?AThe4thelementinLasswell'smodel.BThetargetofthecommunicator.CCanre-transmitinformation.DTherecipientandrespondertoinformation.5.2.2Quiz:StagesofHowBrainsProcessInformation第1题"Thereappearanceofsensoryandperceptualinformationstoredinmemoryinthemind"belongstowhichstageofthecentralrouteinformationprocessing?ARepresentationRecognitionBVolitionCComprehensionDPerception第2题Whatarethefirstthreestagesofthecentralrouteinformationprocessingcollectivelycalled?AEncodingBDecodingCGroupingDInterpretation第3题Whatistherelationshipbetweentheintensionandextensionofaconcept?AStrongerintensionleadstowiderextension.BFewerattributesleadtowiderextension.CMoreattributesleadtowiderextension.DDeeperintensionleadstowiderextension.第4题Theprocessofinterpretationincludes:AComprehensionofcommonattributesBJudgmentandreasoning(Volition)CSynthesizinginformationattributesbasedonsensationDRepresentationrecognition第5题Theprocessofencodingincludes:AGeneratingtheinformationgistBDecidingtheexpressionformCSymbolizingDExecutingexpression(e.g.,motorfunctions)5.3.2Quiz:TheCognitiveSchema第1题IntheInternetera,whichofthefollowingfactorsmayfurtherexacerbatethe"InformationCocoons"phenomenon?ARapidaggregationofinterest-basedgroups(forums,Douban,Zhihu)BIncreasinglyprecisebigdataanalysisofindividualbehaviorCPersonalizedcontentandservicesfromonlinemediaDGlobalconnectivityoftheinternet第2题Whichofthefollowingaremanifestationsofstereotypes?AJewishpeopleareverysmartBAmericansareallrichCWomenshouldbegentleDJapanesepeopleareallbad第3题Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutcognitiveschemasarecorrect?ASchemasarebuiltfromconcretetoabstractthinkingBKnowledgeclustersinschemasareorganizedorderlyCSchemasaresimilartoatreediagramDSchemasarealsocalledmental/cognitivestructures第4题WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutNewsFramingTheoryarecorrect?AFramingaffectshowaudiencesinterpretnewsBTheouterboundaryofaframeiscalledframelimitsCFramingistheapplicationofcognitiveschemasinnewsDTheinternalattributesofaframearecalledtheframe'sproperties第5题Whichinformation-seekingbehaviorsmayleadtotheinformationcocoonphenomenon?AWatchingsimilarvideosdailyonDouyinBBrowsingbooksinalibraryonweekendsCOnlyfollowingtopicsofinterestonZhihuDParticipatinginvariousuniversitycompetitions5.4.2Quiz:Instinct----YouNeverKnowHowMuchYouKnow.第1题Afteracelebrityyoulikeendorsesaproductinanadvertisement,thefeelingoflikingyouexperiencewhenyouseethatproductbelongsto:AIndirectInstinctiveReactionBPhysiological