专题03 阅读理解说明文、议论文（1年汇编）2026年高考英语真题分类汇编

高考真题分类解析PAGE试卷第=1页，共=sectionpages33页PAGE103阅读理解说明文、议论文考点2026年高考命题解读创新考法细节理解核心基础题型，选材涵盖地理、环境科学、心理学实验、AI科研、消费调研、教育记叙文；考查实验流程、数据、事物功能、人物行为等显性信息，跨学科科普文本占比大幅提升。融入分组实验、数字对比、流程表格类细节素材；自然科学、人文生活双线融合，需多段定位整合信息作答。推理判断科普文侧重研究结论、科研人员立场推断；记叙文深挖学习理念、人生感悟，设问规避浅层情节，聚焦文本背后逻辑与价值。新增跨学科科研观点辨析，区分不同专家态度；依托实验数据推导深层影响，强化逻辑思辨。主旨大意分为段落主旨、全文标题两类；科普文考查实验设计、研究核心；记叙文侧重作者感悟与文章内核。单独设置段落大意小题，不再只考全文标题；区分实验过程与研究成果，精准抓取段落核心。词句猜测考查代词指代、科技衍生词、情感评价类词汇，语境以科普说明、生活叙事为主。侧重AI、环境、社科领域专业衍生词；结合实验逻辑、褒贬语境双重线索推导词义。Passage1（2026·全国二卷·高考真题）ThepeakofMountQomolangma,8,849metersabovesealevel.Chimborazo,6,263m;MontBlanc,4,806m;Pradidalihut,atthefootofthePalagroupintheDolomites,2,278m.Itiscommonpracticetoprovidetheelevation(高度)ofaplace.Simplereadingsarenowreadilyavailableonourphonesandwearables.Butelevationisnecessarilyrelative:onlythechoiceofareferencepointallowsustoexpressnumericallytheheightofanobjectoralocation.Theideaofsealevelasareferencepointforelevationshasbynowbeenaroundforsolongastogoessentiallyunnoticed-wementionitwithoutevenconsideringwhatitmeans.Thattheconcepthasahistoryiseasilyignored.Wetendtoforgetthatsealevelisaproductoftechnicallyandculturallydeterminedassumptions.Inthisbook,Itellastoryoftheseassumptions.Appropriately,thebooktookshapeduringasummerspentbetweenseaandmountains.AmonthaftervisitingtheFrenchRivieraandenjoyingthesandybeachesofNiceandMenton,IwenthikingwithfriendsinthePalagroup.RestingonapassnearthePradidalihut,webegandiscussingthereadingsofferedbyouraltimeters(测高仪).Whydidtheyvaryeversoslightlyfromoneinstrumenttothenext?Thissenseofuncertaintyledmetothinkaboutthemeaningofzero.ThisishowIbeganmysearchfortheconceptualhistoryofsealevel.InthisbookIexaminethreecrucialstagesinthehistoryofmeansealevel.Thesestagesmirrorthedevelopmentofhumanconceptionsofthesea.SinceIbeganthinkingaboutthisprojectinAugust2011,theissueofsea-levelriseandtheneedtoplaceithistoricallyhaveonlybecomemoreurgent:betweenthenandtheendof2022theglobalsearosebyalmost5centimeters,abouthalfoftheoverallriserecordedbysatellitessince1993.1．Whatdoestheauthorpointoutatthebeginningofthetext?A．Somemountainsaregettinghigher. B．Dataonwearablesaremisleading.C．Theconceptofelevationisrelative. D．Thereferencepointishardtolocate.2．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Howthealtimeterwasinvented. B．Whatinitiatedtheauthor’sresearch.C．Whythedigitalreadingsvaried. D．Wheretheauthorspenthisholiday.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertointhelastparagraph?A．Thebook. B．Theproject. C．Theissue. D．Thedevelopment.4．Whatcanbethetitleofthebookmentionedinthetext?A．TheAltimeter:AMust-Have B．SeaLevel:AHistoryC．MeaningofZero:NothingorEverything D．MountainstoSeas:UpsandDownsPassage2（2026·全国一卷·高考真题）Inlinewithlongstandinginitiativestoexpanditsgreenspaces,NewYorkCityisplantingtensofthousandsoftreeseachyear.Theyprovideshade,lowersurfacetemperatures,absorbasurprisingamountofairbornecarbon,removetinypollutants,andprovidewildlifehabitatalongwithjustplainbeauty.Somethingcouldgowrong,though,accordingtoanewstudy.Oaksandsweetgums,whichcurrentlyaccountforamajorityofthecity’strees,producehugeamountsofachemicalsubstancecalledisoprene.Harmlessbyitself,isopreneinteractsrapidlywithpollutingnitrogenoxidesreleasedbyvehicles,buildingsandindustrytoformground-levelozone(臭氧)—amajorfactorinmanybreathingproblems.Theresearch,carriedoutbyscientistsattheColumbiaClimateSchoolandotherinstitutions,foundthatifthecitymaintainspastspeciespatternsinnewplantings,isopreneproductioninManhattanincomingdecadeswillgoupbyabout140%,andresultingsummerozonelevelsasmuchas30%.“We’reallforplantingmoretrees.Theybringsomanygoodthings,”saidstudycoauthorRóisínCommane.“Butifwe’renotcareful,wecouldmakeairqualityworse.”TheParksDepartmentisnotoblivioustotheissue.Astudycarriedoutbysomeofitsresearchersseveralyearsagoconcludedthatcitytreesdidreleaseisoprene.“Wedidn’tmakeabigdealofthat,”saidNovemAuyeung,aParksDepartmentseniorscientist.Shesaidtreesshouldnotbeviewedastheenemy.“Wecouldplantanytreeswewantto,ifwejustrethinkourcar-centriclifestyle,”shesaid.“We’renotgoingtogocuttingdownanybigoldoaks,”andneitherwillthedepartmentcompletelystopplantingnewones,saidAuyeung.“Youhavetothinkaboutwhatyouwouldloseifyoudothat.”Oaksarekeystonespecies,shepointedout,providingfoodandhabitatfornativeinsects,birdsandotheranimals.1．Whatdoesthenewstudyimplyregardingoaksandsweetgums?A．Theyaffectthegrowthofothertrees.B．Theyabsorblesscarbonthanexpected.C．Theyharmpeople’shealthindirectly.D．Theyraisethelocaltemperatureslowly.2．WhichofthefollowingmayCommanesuggestbasedontheirstudy?A．Cuttingdowntheisoprene-producingtrees.B．Suspendingtree-plantingforafewdecades.C．Changingthespeciesoftreesinnewplantings.D．Removingisoprenereleasedbyexistingtrees.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“obliviousto”inparagraph5mean?A．Honestabout. B．Unawareof. C．Relatedto. D．Optimisticabout.4．WhatwouldAuyeungprobablyadvocate?A．Reducingcaruseindailylife. B．Providinganimalswithnewhabitats.C．Controllingpopulationgrowth. D．Doingmoreresearchontheproblem.Passage3（2026·全国一卷·高考真题）AteamofCambridgepsychologistsconductedanexperimenttocomparethecognitive(认知的)effectsofmerelyseeingartwithactivelyjudginghowbeautifulitis.Inthestudy,187peoplewereinvitedtovisitKettle’sYardgalleryduringanexhibitionofhandmadeclayobjects.Participantswererandomlydividedintotwogroups:the“beauty”groupwasaskedtoactivelyconsiderandthenratethebeautyofeachobjecttheyviewed,whilethecontrolgroupjustmatchedalinedrawingoftheobjectwiththeartworkitself.Allparticipantswerethentestedonhowtheyprocessinformation,andwhetherit’sinamorepracticalorabstractway.Acrossallparticipants,thoseinthebeautygroupscoredalmost14%higheronaveragethanthecontrolgroupinabstractthinking.Whiletheyweretoldthestudywasaboutcognitiveprocesses,participantswereaskedaboutinterests,witharoundhalfsayingtheyhadanartistichobby.Amongthose,theeffectwasgreater:thosewithanartistichobbyinthebeautygroupscoredover25%higheronaverageforabstractthinkingthanthosewithanartistichobbyinthecontrolgroup.Emotionalstatesofparticipantswerealsomeasuredbyaskingabouttheirfeelingswhilecompletingthegallerytask.Acrossallparticipants,thoseinthebeautygroupreportedanaverageof23%higherlevelsof“transformativeandself-transcendentfeelings”—suchasfeelingmoved,enlightenedandinspired—thanthecontrolgroup.Importantly,however,thebeautygroupdidnotreportfeelinganyhappierthanthecontrolgroup,suggestingthatitwastheengagementwithbeautythatinfluencedabstractthinking,ratherthananyoverallpositivityfromtheexperience.“Weusuallythinkinveryconcretetermswhendoingsomethingonascreen,”saidSimoneSchnall,seniorauthorofthestudy.“It’sbecomingmuchrarertozoneoutandjustletthemindwander,butthat’swhenwethinkinwaysthatbroadenourminds.Admiringthebeautyofartmaybetheidealwaytoinitiatetheabstractcognitiveprocesses.”1．Whatwasthebeautygroupaskedtodowiththeclayobjects?A．Drawtheiroutlines. B．Giveeachpiecearating.C．Comparetheirprices. D．Makeacopyofeachpiece.2．Whichparticipantsgotthehighestscoreonaverageinthetest?A．Beautygroup,withanartistichobby. B．Beautygroup,withoutanartistichobby.C．Controlgroup,withanartistichobby. D．Controlgroup,withoutanartistichobby.3．Whyweretheparticipants’emotionalstatesmeasured?A．Todiscovertheirattitudestowardsart.B．Toidentifytheirspecificthinkingpatterns.C．Toexaminethedifficultyofthetasks.D．Todeterminefactorsbehindthetestresults.4．Whatisthemajorfindingofthestudyregardingtheappreciationofart?A．Itenhancesemotionalties. B．Itneedscriticalthinkingskills.C．Itcreatespositivefeelings. D．Itencouragesabstractthinking.Passage4（2026·浙江省1月·高考真题）Carbonremovaliscrucialforfightingclimatechange.ScientistsatSalkInstitutearemakinguseofthenaturalcapacityofplantstoabsorbcarbondioxidebyenhancingtheirrootsystems.Thisoptimization(优化)aimstoincreasetheamountofcarbonstoredandextendthedurationofitsstorage.Todesigntheseclimate-savingplants,thescientistsareusingaresearchtoolcalledSLEAP—anAIsoftwarethattracksmultiplefeaturesofrootgrowth.CreatedbySalkFellowTalmoPereira,SLEAPwasinitiallydesignedtotrackanimalmovementinthelab.Now,PereirahasteamedupwithplantscientistProfessorWolfgangBuschtoapplySLEAPtoplants.InastudypublishedinPlantPhenomics,BuschandPereiraestablishanewprocedureforusingSLEAPtoanalyzeplantrootphenotypes—howdeepandwidetheygrow,howmassivetheirrootsystemsbecome,andotherphysicalqualities.PriortoSLEAP,trackingthephysicalcharacteristicsofbothplantsandanimalsrequiredalotoflaborthatslowedthescientificprocess.SLEAPusescomputervision(theabilityforcomputerstounderstandimages)anddeeplearning(anAIapproachfortrainingacomputertolearnandworklikethehumanbrain)tohelpresearchersprocessimagesmuchmorequickly.TheapplicationofSLEAPtoplantshasalreadyenabledresearcherstoestablishthemostextensivecatalog(目录)ofplantrootphenotypestodate.What’smore,trackingthesephysicalrootsystemcharacteristicshelpsscientistsfindgenes(基因)associatedwiththosecharacteristics,aswellaswhethermultiplerootcharacteristicsaredeterminedbythesamegenesorindependently.ThisallowstheSalkteamtodeterminewhatgenesaremostbeneficialtotheirplantdesigns.“OurcooperationistrulyproofofwhatmakesSalksciencesospecialandimpactful,”saysPereira.“We’renotjust‘borrowing’fromdifferentdisciplines—we’rereallyputtingthemonequalfootinginordertocreatesomethinggreaterthanthesumofitsparts.”1．WhatdothescientistsatSalkInstitutehopetoachieve?A．Keepingmorecarboninplants. B．Optimizingtheuseofenergy.C．Enhancingbiologicaldiversity. D．Reducingcarbonabsorption.2．WhydidPereiracreateSLEAP?A．Togenerateplantimages. B．Toconductresearchonanimals.C．Tostudyclimatepatterns. D．Totrackfeaturesofrootgrowth.3．WhatwillSLEAPhelpthescientistsdo?A．Pickoutdiseasedplantsintheforest. B．Collectsamplesofplantrootsystems.C．Identifygenesfordesirableplantroots. D．Preservethegenesofendangeredplants.4．WhatcanbeinferredfromPereira’swords?A．Academicdisciplinesareofequalimportance.B．Computerprogrammingisamustforscientists.C．Interdisciplinaryapproachpromotescreativity.D．Cooperationoutweighscompetitioninresearch.Passage5（2026·浙江省1月·高考真题）Humanbeingshavealwayslovedreviews:wordofmouthhaslongbeenregardedasoneofthemostvaluablemarketingtoolsavailabletoacompany.Consumersenjoyreadingandgivingreviews.However,theproblemisthatalotofthereviewsarefake(假的).ShabnamAzimiandAlexanderKrasnikovofLoyolaUniversityofChicagoandKwongChanofNortheasternUniversityrecentlypublishedastudyonfakereviews.Thestudyusedadatasetof1,600reviewsofChicagohotels.Someofthemwerereal;otherswerefake.Thereviewswerepresentedto400subjects.Eachsubjectgoteightreviewstoread:abalancedsetoftwopositivefake,twopositivereal,twonegativefakeandtwonegativereal,presentedinarandomorder.Thereviewswerewrittenbyrealpeoplewhoweregiveninformationaboutthehotel.Theresultsshowthatconsumersgenerallytrustnegativereviewsmorethanpositiveones.Moreover,wehumanstendtoassumethatpositivereviewsmightbefake.“Overall,negativereviewsarelesscommon.So,wepaymoreattentiontothem.Whenanegativereviewisfake,wegettricked,”Azimisays.Whenitcametofakingareview,lengthwasimportanttobelievability,aswasdetail.Along,negativereviewofahotel,completewithlotsofinformation,tendedtoconvinceparticipants.Alengthy,positivereview,ontheotherhand,wasregardedassuspicious,andparticipantstendedtotrustwritersthatkepttheirglowingreviewsshort.Emotionwasalsoimportantinconvincingreaders—orthelackofemotion,atleast.Azimisaysstudyparticipantstendednottotrustreviewswherethewritersexpressedtheirfeelingsinabigway.Themoredispassionatethatnegativewrite-up,themorelikelyitwastotakethereaderin.ThefakereviewswrittenforAzimi’sstudywereputtogetherbyhumans,butincreasingly,fakereviewsarebeingwrittenbyAI,whichmakesthemlookmorereal.Thoughmanycompaniesusealgorithms(算法)toweedoutfakereviews,Azimipointsoutthatthemachinesareprogrammedbyhumans,andgivenourlimitedabilitytospotfakereviews,thisisn’tagoodsign.1．Whichaspectofthestudydoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A．Itsdesign. B．Itsfindings. C．Itspurposes. D．Itssignificance.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“glowing”inparagraph4mean?A．Funny. B．Abusive. C．Insightful. D．Praising.3．Whatkindofreviewwouldreadersmostlikelytrust?A．Along,positiveone. B．Anunemotional,negativeone.C．Ashort,negativeone. D．Anenthusiastic,positiveone.4．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Manycompaniesareproducingfakereviews. B．Writingfakereviewswillbedeclaredillegal.C．Machinescandetectfakereviewsaccurately. D．Itwillbehardertorecognizefakereviews.Passage6（2026·全国一卷·高考真题）Notlongago,myfifth-gradesonKevinaskedmeaboutthemeaningofawordinanovel.“Lookitup,”Iresponded.“Butmyscreentimeisoff,”hesaid.Ilookedpointedlyatthebookshelfthatheldatleastthreedictionaries,andKevinsighed(叹气)dramatically.“Can’tyoujustuseyourphone?”heasked.Suddenlyitoccurredtomethathedidnotevenknowhowtouseadictionary.Itookdownoneofthedictionaries,andwereadittogetherforafewminutesbeforeIhandedittohim.Ittookhimafewtriestofindthewordinquestion.Whilegoingthroughthepages,hekeptsaying,wide-eyed:“Howcantherebethismanywords?”Afterawhile,helookedatmeandasked,“Doyouknowallthesewords,Mom?”Ismiled.“Idefinitelydonotknowallthesewords,”Isaid.“Butthat’swhythisisoneofmyfavoritebooks.”Ihadmyfirstdictionaryasagiftformy13thbirthday.IdecidedthatIwantedtolearnasmanywordsasIcouldandstartedmarkingeveryentryIlookedupwithapenciltomeasuremyprogress.Icontinuedtomakethesepencilmarksforyears,andwhenIwentofftocollege,Ipackedthatdictionaryinmysuitcase.Kevinwantedtoseethedictionary.Ifeltasmallpaininmychest.Thedictionarywasstolenattheendofmyfreshmanyearofcollege.“That’ssosad,”hesaid,“butyoustillknowallthosewords,evenwithoutthebook.”Irealizedthatthiswastrue.Istillmadeitthroughthenextthreeyearsofcollege,evenwithoutthebook.Anditwasn’t,ultimately,thedictionarythatgotmethere—notreally.NowIunderstandthatalthoughmysonmaybelearningdifferently,heisstilllearning.It’snotaboutthewordsthemselvesorhowwelearnthem,butthewantingtoknowthem,thecuriosityandtheappetite.1．WhatdoesKevinusuallydotogetthemeaningofaword?A．Useelectronicdevices. B．Consultapaperdictionary.C．Guessfromthecontext. D．TurntohisEnglishteacher.2．HowdidKevinfeelwhilelookingupthewordinthedictionary?A．Annoyed. B．Disappointed. C．Encouraged. D．Astonished.3．Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’sfirstdictionary?A．Ithelpedherthroughcollege. B．ItwasgiventoKevinasagift.C．Itborewitnesstoherefforts. D．Itwasavaluablelimitededition.4．Whathastheauthorcometorealizeaboutlearning?A．Itisnevertoolatetostart. B．Motivationiswhatreallymatters.C．Childrenneedrolemodels. D．Dictionariesarestillausefultool.Passage1（2026·云南·5月高三适应性考试）Twiceayear,whenanimalslikebearsandsquirrelsareeithercurlingupforadeepsleeporstretchingtheirwayintospring,migratorybirdsaregettingreadytotakeepicjourneysoverlandandsea.Andinsodoing,theyplayacrucialroleinkeepingnatureinbalance.Astheyflyfromoneplacetoanother,pollinatingplants,spreadingseedsandcontrollingpestsbyeatinginsectsandotherinvertebrates(无脊椎动物),theyhelptomaintainecosystemhealth,whichinturncontributestofoodsecurity.Andthat’snotall.FranciscoRilla,awildlifebiologistandconsultanttotheUN,saidmigratorybirdsalsoserveas“bioindicators”.Inotherwords,becausetheytendtoavoidpollutedareas,theirmovementsprovideusefulinformationintheassessmentofwaterandairquality.Migratingbirdsusethesun,stars,coastlinesandlargebodiesofwatertoguidethemontheirjourneysacrosstheworld.Butsomeplaceswheretheystoptorestandrefuelalongthecoastsarebeingalteredbyfloodsconnectedtorisingsealevels.Smallcrustaceans(甲科动物),whichareanimportantfoodsourceformigratorybirds,canstruggletobuildtheirshellsandskeletons(骨架)inoceansmademoreacidicbyhavingtoabsorbmorecarbondioxide.Andthishasaknock-oneffectonmigratorybirds.Withoutsufficientfood,theyarelesslikelytosurvivetoughjourneysorsuccessfullyreproduce.Thoughhumansoftenfeedbirds,Rillasaidputtingfoodoutformigratorybirdscandothemmoreharmthangood.Iftheyaregivenbreadandseedsmeantforpeople,theymightfeeltoofulltoeatthethingsthatprovidethemwithcrucialnutrients.Headdedthatputtingfoodinplaceswhereitwillbeeasytospotcouldexposebirdstopredators.Instead,Rillarecommendedhelpingthesetravelersbyurginggovernmentstoexpandthenetworkofprotectedareasthroughinternationaltreaties.Thisyear’sWorldMigratoryBirdDayemphasizespromotingthecoexistencebetweenhumansandbirds.Ifmigratorybirdsstarttodisappear,itcouldaffectagricultureandthefoodchain.Inotherwords,asRillasaid,“whateverhappenstothemcouldalsohappentous.”1．Whatisthemainroleofmigratorybirdsinecosystems?A．Improvingfoodquality. B．Inspiringairplanedesign.C．Maintainingecologicalbalance. D．Indicatinganimals’migrationpaths.2．Howdoesclimatechangeaffectmigratorybirds?A．Bypollutingcoastlines. B．Bydisturbingtheirreproduction.C．Byconfusingtheirnavigation. D．Byreducingtheirfoodsources.3．WhatdoesRillaadvisehelpingmigratorybirds?A．Feedingthemnutrient-richfood.B．Expandingprotectedareasglobally.C．Creatingsafereststopsalongcoasts.D．Teachingpeopletoavoiddisturbingthem.4．Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthetextimply?A．Humansdependonmigratorybirds.B．Migratorybirdsneedhumanprotection.C．Birdsandhumansfacethesameproblems.D．Thedisappearanceofbirdsisunavoidable.Passage2（2026·天津东丽·二模）Now,childrenwhoarerecoveringfromalong-termillnessesinthehospitalorathomemayhaveahigh-techfriendtohelpfeellesslonely.AndthatfriendisarobotcalledAV1.AV1goestoschoolforachildwhoishomeboundwhilerecoveringfromalong-termillness.Andthechild’sschoolfriendsmusthelp.Theycarrytherobotbetweenclassesandplacetherobotonthechild’sdesk.ANorwegiancompanycalledNoIsolationcreatedtherobot.Theco-foundersofNoIsolationareKarenDolvaandMariusAabel.DolvaexplainshowtherobotAV1works.Shesaysfromhome,thechildusesatabletorphonetostarttherobot.Thenheusesthesamedevicetocontroltherobot’smovements.Atschool,therobotbecomestheeyes,earsandvoiceofthechild.“So,itsitsatthechild’sdeskintheclassroomandthechildusesatabletoraphonetostartit,controlitsmovementwithtouch,andtalkthroughit.”Thestudentcanpartakeinclassroomactivitiesfromwhereverheisrecovering.Therobotisequippedwithspeakers,microphonesandcamerasthatmakecommunicatingeasy.“Ithasspeakersandmicrophonesandcameras,andwhenthechildspeaksathomeorinthehospitaltohisiPaditjustcomesout.”Thissmoothinteractionhelpsthechildkeepupwithlessons,joingroupdiscussionsfreelyandevensharesmalljoyswithpeersinclass.Itwellnarrowsthedistancebetweentheirrecoveryplaceandschool,lettingthemstaycloselylinkedtocampuslifeinsteadofbeingleftoutalone.Therobotisdesignedtobetough.Itiswaterproofandcantakeafallfromadeskwithoutdamage.InsideAV1,thereisasmallcomputerconnectedto5Gnetwork.Asmallcameraconnectedtoasmallcomputercoulddothejob.Butthatwouldnotbethesame.AV1islargeandlookslikeahumanforareason.Dolvasaysthisisimportantbecausetherobotissupposedtobeafriendtothechildren.HopefullyAV1willhelpsomechildrenfeellesslonelywhiletheyareabsentfromclass.1．WhatcanweknowaboutAV1inPara.2?A．Itsfunction. B．Itsprospect.C．Itsdevelopinghistory. D．Itsproductionmaterial.2．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“partakein”inPara.3probablymean?A．makeupfor B．replace C．takepartin D．design3．What’stheadvantageofthesmoothinteractionforthestudent?A．Itmakesthestudentforgetthepainofrecovery.B．Ithelpsthestudentkeepconnectedwithcampuslife.C．Itletsthestudenthavemoretimetorestathome.D．Itallowsthestudenttomakemorenewfriends.4．WhyisAV1designedtobehuman-like?A．Toholdmoreadvancedcomputerparts.B．Toofferkidssupportandcompanionship.C．Tomakeittoughenoughagainstfalls.D．Toattractmoreattentionintheclassroom.5．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheDevelopmentofSmartRobots.B．5GNetwork:ATrendinEducation.C．HowtoCureLong-termIllnesses.D．AV1:ABridgetoSchoolLife.Passage3（2026·河南周口·5月高三适应性考试）Sleepingfivemoreminutes,exercising1.9moreminutes,andeatinghealthiereachdaycouldaddayeartoyourlife.Thisisn’tjustwishfulthinking—it’stheconclusionofanewstudyledbyresearchersfromAustraliaandtheUK.“Wealwaysthinkthatweneedtomakemassiveadjustments,”NicholasKoemel,wholedthestudy,toldthemagazineScientificAmerican.Butsmallchangesadduptomakesomethingmeaningful.Forabouteightyears,theteamfollowed59,078peopleintheUK.Allparticipantsprovidedinformationabouttheirlifestylesandhealth,andsomeworewristwatchesthattrackedtheirsleepandactivitylevels.Researchersevaluatedeveryone’sdietusingascoringsystemrangingfrom0to100across10categories,withhigherscoresindicatinghealthierdiets.Forexample,eatingatleastthreeservingsoffruitperdayearnedthemaximum10pointsinthefruitcategory.Basedonthesedata,researchersestimatedapproximatechangesinlifespanusingscientificmodeling,NBCNewsreported.Theresultsshowedthatpeoplewhosleep5.5hourspernight,exercise7.3minutesperdayandhaveadietqualityscoreof36.9couldtheoreticallyliveayearlongerwithjustfiveadditionalminutesofsleep,1.9minutesofvigorous(剧烈的)ormoderateexerciseandhalfanextraservingofvegetableseachday.Ifimprovingallthreeareasistoochallenging,either25extraminutesofsleeppernightoranadditional2.3minutesofexerciseperdaycanalsohelp.ProfessorKevinMcConwayfromtheOpenUniversityintheUKarguedthatthestudydidn’tclearlydescribeitsstatisticalmethods.Thismakesitdifficulttodeterminewhetherthefindingsareduetothedataitselfortheresearchers’choiceofanalyses.KoemeltoldNBCNewsthatthemessagehereshouldnotnecessarilybethatmakingthesesmallchangesisamagicsolution.Instead,it’sabouttakingthefirststeptowardscreatingsustainableandachievableopportunitiesformorepeople.1．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Peopletendtothinkthatbigchangesareneededtoimprovehealth.B．ThestudyonlifestylewasonlyconductedbyAustralianresearchers.C．Smalllifestylechangeshavebeenproventoextendpeople’slifespan.D．NicholasKoemelbelievesthatmassivelifestyleadjustmentsareuseless.2．Whatcanweinferaboutthedietscoringsystemfromtheexampleoffruitconsumption?A．Thesystemonlyevaluatesfruitintake.B．Higherscoresinthefruitcategorymeanahealthieroveralldiet.C．Thesystemsetsquantifiablestandardsforeachdietarycomponent.D．Eatinglessthanthreeservingsoffruitperdayresultsinascoreof0.3．WhatisProfessorKevinMcConway’sattitudetowardsthenewstudy?A．Indifferentandunconcerned. B．Fullysupportiveandoptimistic.C．Stronglycriticalanddismissive. D．Doubtfulandcautiouslyreserved.4．Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A．ANewStudyonLifespanandLifestyle.B．HowtoImproveYourLifestyleEffectively.C．TheImportanceofSleep,ExerciseandDiet.D．SmallLifestyleChangesCanProlongYourLife.Passage4（2026·北京丰台·二模）Whattimeisit?It’ssuchabasicquestionandprovokesmetotakealookattimeinthecontextofbothhumansandartificialintelligence.Simplyput,AIoperatesinsidethenow,theperpetualpresent.Yethumansconstructmeaningacrosstime.This“temporaldivide”createsakeydistinction,ifnotaconflict,that’sworthyofadeeperlook.Typically,weevaluateartificialintelligencebycapability,whichincludesthingslikespeed,accuracy,fluency,andevenscale.Butmytakeisthatthisperspectivemissessomethingthatisbothcriticalanddeeplyhuman.Humansbuildmeaningthroughcontinuity,andthisincludesmemory,revision,anticipation,andthelivedaccumulationofexperience.AIdoesnot.Forus,meaningisshapedacrossduration.Wedon’tformunderstandingfromisolatedframes.Welearnfrommanymomentsthatinformandreshapeeachother.Thereliabilityofourbeliefsdependsonthatslowintegration.It’showunderstandingmaturesintosomethingstable,orperhapsbettersaid,human.AIcollapsestimeintoimmediacy.Eachoutputstandsalonewithoutreferencetowhatcamebeforeandwithoutresponsibilitytowardwhatmayfollow.ThisiswhyAIcanbesopersuasive,asitproducescoherence(连贯性)withouttheweightofhistorybehindit.Arecentstudythatexaminedre