2026年专升本英语词汇与语法专项训练习题

2026年专升本英语词汇与语法专项训练习题1.Thecompanyhasbeenlosingmoneyforthepastthreequarters,whichsuggeststhatitmayneedto______amoreaggressivemarketingstrategytoattractnewcustomers.A.adoptB.adaptC.adopttoD.adaptto参考答案：A解析：本题考查动词词组辨析。adopt意为“采纳，采用”，符合句意“公司可能需要采纳更积极的营销策略”。adaptto意为“适应”，不符合语境。选项C和D存在语法错误，动词形式不正确。题干中的“losingmoneyforthepastthreequarters”表明公司经营状况不佳，需要改变策略，故A为最佳答案。2.Despitetheheavyrain,theteammanagedtocompletetheprojectontime,whichwas______bytheirstrongteamworkanddedication.A.contributedtoB.contributedwithC.contributingtoD.contributingwith参考答案：A解析：本题考查动词短语搭配。contributeto意为“促成，有助于”，符合句意“团队的成功得益于他们的团队合作和奉献精神”。选项B和D中的“with”搭配错误；选项C中“contributingto”时态不正确，应为过去分词作后置定语。题干中的“heavyrain”和“completedtheprojectontime”形成对比，强调团队的努力，故A为正确答案。3.Thenewpolicyaimsto______thegapbetweentherichandthepoorbyprovidingmoresocialwelfarebenefitstolow-incomefamilies.A.reduceB.reduceatC.reducingD.reducingto参考答案：A解析：本题考查动词用法。reduce意为“减少”，符合句意“新政策旨在通过为低收入家庭提供更多社会福利来缩小贫富差距”。选项B和D中的“at”和“to”搭配错误；选项C中“reducing”为动名词形式，不符合句子结构。题干中的“gapbetweentherichandthepoor”是政策的目标，故A为最佳答案。4.Ifyou______morecarefullywhiledriving,youwouldhaveavoidedtheaccidentthatoccurredlastnight.A.haddrivenB.droveC.weredrivingD.havedriven参考答案：A解析：本题考查虚拟语气。句意为“如果你当时开车更小心一点，就不会发生昨晚的事故了”，表示与过去事实相反的假设，应使用过去完成时。选项B为一般过去时，不符合虚拟语气；选项C为过去进行时，不符合语境；选项D为现在完成时，不符合句意。题干中的“wouldhaveavoided”提示应使用过去完成时，故A为正确答案。5.Thebookthattheprofessorrecommended______veryinsightfulandhashelpedmeunderstandthetopicbetter.A.isB.wasC.areD.hasbeen参考答案：A解析：本题考查主谓一致和时态。句中的“thebook”是单数名词，谓语动词应使用单数形式。选项B和D中的时态不正确；选项C中的“are”主谓不一致。题干中的“hashelped”表明动作发生在过去且对现在有影响，但“recommended”时态为一般现在时，故A为最佳答案。6.Thecommittee______theproposalafterseveralroundsofdiscussions,buttheystillneedtofinalizethedetailsbeforeimplementation.A.hasapprovedB.haveapprovedC.approvedD.hasbeenapproved参考答案：A解析：本题考查动词时态和语态。句意为“委员会经过几轮讨论已经批准了提案”，表示动作发生在过去且对现在有影响，应使用现在完成时。选项B中的“haveapproved”主谓不一致；选项C为一般过去时，不符合语境；选项D为被动语态，不符合句意。题干中的“stillneedtofinalize”表明提案已初步批准，故A为正确答案。7.Despitethechallengestheyfaced,theresearchers______theirexperimentandachievedsignificantresults.A.completedB.hadcompletedC.completingD.havecompleted参考答案：A解析：本题考查动词时态。句意为“尽管面临挑战，研究人员完成了实验并取得了显著成果”，表示动作发生在过去且已完成，应使用一般过去时。选项B为过去完成时，不符合语境；选项C为动名词形式，不符合句子结构；选项D为现在完成时，不符合句意。题干中的“achievedsignificantresults”表明实验已完成，故A为最佳答案。8.Themanageraskedtheemployeesto______thereportbytheendoftheday,sotheycouldreviewitbeforethemeeting.A.finishB.finishingC.finishedD.finishes参考答案：A解析：本题考查动词用法。句意为“经理要求员工在当天结束前完成报告，以便在会议前进行审阅”，表示动作需要完成，应使用动词原形。选项B和C为动名词或过去分词形式，不符合句子结构；选项D为第三人称单数形式，不符合语境。题干中的“bytheendoftheday”提示应使用动词原形，故A为正确答案。9.Thenovel______byJaneAustenisconsideredoneofthegreatestworksinEnglishliterature,knownforitswitandsocialcommentary.A.wroteB.writtenC.writesD.writing参考答案：B解析：本题考查非谓语动词。句中的“thenovel”是主语，谓语动词应为“isconsidered”，因此需要使用过去分词作后置定语修饰“thenovel”。选项A和C为动词形式，不符合句子结构；选项D为动名词形式，不符合语境。题干中的“knownforitswitandsocialcommentary”表明小说是已完成的文学作品，故B为正确答案。10.Thecompany'ssuccesscanbe______toitsinnovativeapproachandabilitytoadapttomarketchanges.A.attributedB.attributedwithC.attributeD.attributes参考答案：A解析：本题考查动词短语搭配。attributeto意为“归因于”，符合句意“公司的成功可以归因于其创新方法和适应市场变化的能力”。选项B和D中的“with”搭配错误；选项C为动词原形，不符合句子结构。题干中的“innovativeapproachandabilitytoadapttomarketchanges”是成功的原因，故A为最佳答案。1.Thestudyfoundthatregularexercisecan______toimprovedmentalhealthandreducedstresslevels.参考答案：contribute解析：本题考查动词搭配。contributeto意为“促成，有助于”，符合句意“研究发现定期锻炼有助于改善心理健康和降低压力水平”。题干中的“improvedmentalhealthandreducedstresslevels”是锻炼带来的益处，故填“contribute”。2.Despitethe______weatherconditions,theclimbersdecidedtocontinuetheirexpeditiontothesummit.参考答案：harsh解析：本题考查形容词辨析。harsh意为“严酷的”，符合句意“尽管天气条件严酷，登山者决定继续向顶峰进发”。题干中的“expeditiontothesummit”表明挑战性，故填“harsh”。3.Thenewpolicyaimsto______theeconomicinequalitybyprovidingmorejobopportunitiesforunemployedindividuals.参考答案：reduce解析：本题考查动词辨析。reduce意为“减少”，符合句意“新政策旨在通过为失业者提供更多就业机会来减少经济不平等”。题干中的“economicinequality”是政策的目标，故填“reduce”。4.Ifyou______moreattentivelyduringthelecture,youwouldhaveunderstoodthecomplextheorybetter.参考答案：hadlistened解析：本题考查虚拟语气。句意为“如果你在讲座时更专注一点，就会更好地理解复杂理论”，表示与过去事实相反的假设，应使用过去完成时。题干中的“wouldhaveunderstood”提示应使用过去完成时，故填“hadlistened”。5.Thebookthattheauthor______lastyear______ahugeimpactonthereadersandsparkedwidespreaddiscussion.参考答案：wrote;had解析：本题考查动词时态和主谓一致。句中的“theauthor”是单数，谓语动词应使用单数形式；句意为“作者去年写的书对读者产生了巨大影响并引发了广泛讨论”，表示动作发生在过去且对现在有影响，应使用过去完成时。故填“wrote”和“had”。6.Thecommittee______theproposalaftercarefulconsideration,buttheystillneedtoaddresssomeconcernsbeforefinalapproval.参考答案：hasapproved解析：本题考查动词时态。句意为“委员会经过仔细考虑已经批准了提案，但他们在最终批准前仍需解决一些问题”，表示动作发生在过去且对现在有影响，应使用现在完成时。故填“hasapproved”。7.Despitethechallengesthey______,theteam______theirgoalandcelebratedtheirvictory.参考答案：faced;achieved解析：本题考查动词搭配。facechallenges意为“面临挑战”，achievegoals意为“实现目标”，符合句意“尽管面临挑战，团队实现了目标并庆祝了胜利”。故填“faced”和“achieved”。8.Themanageraskedtheemployeesto______thereportbytomorrowsothattheycouldreviewitbeforetheclientmeeting.参考答案：finish解析：本题考查动词用法。句意为“经理要求员工在明天之前完成报告，以便在客户会议前进行审阅”，表示动作需要完成，应使用动词原形。故填“finish”。9.Thenovel______byGeorgeOrwellisconsideredoneofthemostinfluentialworksofthe20thcentury,knownforitscriticalviewoftotalitarianism.参考答案：written解析：本题考查非谓语动词。句中的“thenovel”是主语，谓语动词应为“isconsidered”，因此需要使用过去分词作后置定语修饰“thenovel”。故填“written”。10.Thecompany'ssuccesscanbe______toitsstrongleadershipandeffectivemarketstrategy.参考答案：attributed解析：本题考查动词短语搭配。attributeto意为“归因于”，符合句意“公司的成功可以归因于其强大的领导力和有效的市场策略”。故填“attributed”。1.Thecompany'sfinancialperformancehasimprovedsignificantlyoverthepastyear,whichisattributedtothenewmanagementteam.（正确）参考答案：正确解析：本题考查句子结构和逻辑关系。句意为“公司过去一年的财务表现显著改善，这归功于新的管理团队”，表述清晰且逻辑合理。题干中的“improvedsignificantly”和“newmanagementteam”形成因果关系，故判断正确。2.Despitetheheavyrain,theteamcompletedtheprojectontime,whichwascontributedbytheirstrongteamwork.（错误）参考答案：错误解析：本题考查动词短语搭配。“contributedby”搭配错误，应为“contributedto”，即“有助于”。题干中的“strongteamwork”是项目完成的原因，应使用“contributedto”，故判断错误。3.ThenovelwrittenbyJaneAustenisconsideredoneofthegreatestworksinEnglishliterature,knownforitswitandsocialcommentary.（正确）参考答案：正确解析：本题考查句子结构和时态。句中的“writtenbyJaneAusten”是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰“thenovel”；“isconsidered”为一般现在时，符合语境。题干中的表述准确且符合语法规则，故判断正确。4.Ifyouhaddrivenmorecarefully,youwouldhaveavoidedtheaccidentthatoccurredlastnight.（正确）参考答案：正确解析：本题考查虚拟语气。句意为“如果你当时开车更小心一点，就不会发生昨晚的事故了”，表示与过去事实相反的假设，应使用过去完成时。题干中的“wouldhaveavoided”提示应使用过去完成时，故判断正确。5.Thecompany'ssuccesscanbeattributedtoitsinnovativeapproachandabilitytoadapttomarketchanges.（正确）参考答案：正确解析：本题考查动词短语搭配。“attributedto”意为“归因于”，符合句意“公司的成功可以归因于其创新方法和适应市场变化的能力”。题干中的表述清晰且逻辑合理，故判断正确。6.Thecommitteeapprovedtheproposalafterseveralroundsofdiscussions,buttheystillneedtofinalizethedetailsbeforeimplementation.（正确）参考答案：正确解析：本题考查动词时态和逻辑关系。句意为“委员会经过几轮讨论批准了提案，但他们在实施前仍需最终确定细节”，表述清晰且符合逻辑。题干中的“approved”和“finalize”形成时间顺序，故判断正确。7.Thebookthattheprofessorrecommendedisveryinsightfulandhashelpedmeunderstandthetopicbetter.（正确）参考答案：正确解析：本题考查主谓一致和时态。句中的“thebook”是单数名词，谓语动词应使用单数形式；“hashelped”表示动作发生在过去且对现在有影响，符合语境。题干中的表述准确且符合语法规则，故判断正确。8.Themanageraskedtheemployeestofinishthereportbytheendoftheday,sotheycouldreviewitbeforethemeeting.（正确）参考答案：正确解析：本题考查动词用法和逻辑关系。句意为“经理要求员工在当天结束前完成报告，以便在会议前进行审阅”，表述清晰且符合逻辑。题干中的“finish”和“review”形成时间顺序，故判断正确。9.ThenovelwrittenbyGeorgeOrwellisconsideredoneofthemostinfluentialworksofthe20thcentury,knownforitscriticalviewoftotalitarianism.（正确）参考答案：正确解析：本题考查非谓语动词和句子结构。句中的“writtenbyGeorgeOrwell”是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰“thenovel”；“isconsidered”为一般现在时，符合语境。题干中的表述准确且符合语法规则，故判断正确。10.Thecompany'ssuccesscanbeattributedwithitsstrongleadershipandeffectivemarketstrategy.（错误）参考答案：错误解析：本题考查动词短语搭配。“attributedwith”搭配错误，应为“attributedto”，即“归因于”。题干中的“strongleadershipandeffectivemarketstrategy”是成功的原因，应使用“attributedto”，故判断错误。1.Explainthedifferencebetween"contributeto"and"attributeto"intermsoftheirusageandmeaning.参考答案："Contributeto"meanstohelpcauseoraddtosomething,emphasizingapartplayedinbringingaboutaresult.Forexample,"Regularexercisecontributestoimprovedhealth.""Attributeto"meanstobelievesomethingiscausedbyaparticularfactor,emphasizingtheassignmentofresponsibilityororigin.Forexample,"Thecompany'ssuccesscanbeattributedtoitsinnovativestrategy."解析："Contributeto"强调对结果的贡献，如“锻炼有助于改善健康”；"attributeto"强调归因，如“成功归因于创新策略”。两者在语义和用法上有明显区别，需根据语境选择合适的短语。2.Describethestructureandfunctionofagerundphraseinasentence.参考答案：Agerundphraseconsistsofagerund(verbendingin"-ing"usedasanoun)andanymodifiersorobjects.Itfunctionsasanouninthesentence,actingasasubject,object,orcomplement.Forexample,"Swimmingintheoceanisenjoyable"(subject);"Helovesreadingbooks"(object).解析：Gerundphrasesarenounphrasesthatbeginwithagerund,suchas“Swimmingintheocean”或“readingbooks”，并在句子中充当名词成分，如主语、宾语或表语。3.Howdoesthesubjunctivemoodexpresshypotheticalorcontrary-to-factsituations?参考答案：Thesubjunctivemoodisusedtoexpresshypothetical,contrary-to-fact,orwished-forsituations.Itisoftenfoundinclausesstartingwith"if,""wish,""asif,"or"asthough."Forexample,"IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepttheoffer"(hypothetical);"IwishIweretaller"(contrary-to-fact).解析：Subjunctivemoodusesspecificverbforms(e.g.,"were"insteadof"was")toindicateunrealorhypotheticalscenarios,suchas“wereyou”或“weretaller”，contrastingwithindicativemood.4.Explaintheroleofarticles("a,""an,""the")inEnglishgrammar.参考答案：Articlesspecifywhetheranounisgeneral("a,""an")orspecific("the")."a/an"areusedbeforesingularcountablenounsthataregeneral:"abook";"anapple.""the"isusedbeforesingularorpluralnounsthatarespecificorpreviouslymentioned:"thebookonthetable";"theapplesIbought."解析：Articlesfunctionasdeterminers,distinguishingbetweengeneralandspecificreferences,suchas“abook”vs.“thebook”，or“anapple”vs.“theapple”。5.Whatisthedifferencebetweenasimplesentenceandacompoundsentence?参考答案：Asimplesentencehasoneindependentclause(subject+verb)andnodependentclauses.Forexample,"Shereadsbooks."Acompoundsentencehastwoormoreindependentclauses,joinedbyaconjunction(e.g.,"and,""but")orsemicolon.Forexample,"Shereadsbooks,butshedoesnotwatchTV."解析：Simplesentenceshaveonemainclause,whilecompoundsentencescombinemultiplemainclauses,suchas“but”或“;”连接。6.HowdoyouformthepassivevoiceinEnglish?参考答案：Thepassivevoiceisformedwiththeverb"tobe"+pastparticiple.Forexample,"ThebookwaswrittenbyGeorgeOrwell."Active:GeorgeOrwellwrotethebook.Passive:ThebookwaswrittenbyGeorgeOrwell.解析：Passivevoiceshiftsfocusfromtheactortotheactionorobject,usingstructureslike“waswritten”或“aremade”。7.Describethefunctionofprepositionsinasentence.参考答案：Prepositionsshowrelationshipsbetweennouns/pronounsandotherwordsinthesentence,suchaslocation("intheroom"),time("atnoon"),ordirection("tothestore").Forexample,"Thekeysareonthetable."解析：Prepositionsestablishconnections,suchasspatial("on,""in")ortemporal("at,""before"),linkingelementsinasentence.8.Whatisthedifferencebetween"affect"and"effect"intermsofusage?参考答案："Affect"isaverbmeaning"toinfluence":"Theweatheraffectsourmood.""Effect"isanounmeaning"aresult":"Themedicinehadnoeffect."解析："Affect"actsasaverb(e.g.,“affects”），while"effect"actsasanoun(e.g.,“effect”），withrareexceptionslike"effectachange"(verb).1.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingthepassivevoice:"Thecommitteewillreviewtheproposalnextweek."参考答案："Theproposalwillbereviewedbythecommitteenextweek."解析：Passivevoicetransformationinvolvesmovingtheobjecttothesubjectpositionandusing"be+pastparticiple":"reviewed"becomesthenewsubject,with"bythecommittee"indicatingtheactor.2.Completethesentencewiththecorrectformoftheverbinbrackets:"IfI______morecarefully,I______nothavemadethatmistake."参考答案："haddriven;wouldhavemade"解析：Pastunrealconditionalrequires"had+pastparticiple"inthe"if"clauseand"wouldhave+pastparticiple"inthemainclause:"haddriven"and"wouldhavemade"fitthecontext.3.Fillintheblankwiththecorrectarticle:"______novelsheisreadingisveryinteresting."参考答案："A"解析：Singularcountablenounsrequire"a"beforethemunlessspecific:"anovel"iscorrect,not"thenovel"ornoarticle.4.Transformthefollowingsentenceintothesubjunctivemood:"IwishI______moretimetotravel."参考答案："had"解析：Subjunctivemoodin"wish"clausesusespastsubjunctiveforms:"had"insteadof"have"toexpresscontrary-to-factdesire.5.Identifythegerundphraseanditsfunctioninthesentence:"Swimmingintheoceanisherfavoritehobby."参考答案：Gerundphrase:"Swimmingintheocean"Function:Subject解析："Swimming"isthegerund,andthephraseactsasthesubjectofthesentence.6.Completethesentencewiththecorrectformoftheverbinbrackets:"Thecompany______itsprofitsby20%lastyear."参考答案："increased"解析：Pasttenseverbformisrequired:"increased"fitsthecontextofprofitgrowth.7.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingapassivevoiceconstruction:"Themanageraskedtheemployeestofinishthereport."参考答案："Thereportwasaskedtobefinishedbytheemployees."解析：Passivevoicewithinfinitive:"askedtobefinished"with"bytheemployees"clarifiestheactor.8.Completethesentencewiththecorrectformoftheverbinbrackets:"Ifthey______moreresources,they______completedtheprojectontime."参考答案："hadhad;wouldhave"解析：Pastunrealconditionalrequires"had+pastparticiple"inthe"if"clauseand"wouldhave+pastparticiple"inthemainclause:"hadhad"and"wouldhavecompleted"fitthecontext.【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.A2.A3.A4.A5.A6.A7.A8.A9.B10.A解析：2.adopt（采纳）符合语境；adaptto（适应）错误。3.contributeto（促成）符合语境；其他选项搭配或时态错误。4.reduce（减少）符合语境；其他选项搭配错误。5.haddriven（过去完成时）符合虚拟语气；其他选项时态错误。6.is（单数谓语）符合主谓一致；其他选项时态或形式错误。7.hasapproved（现在完成时）符合语境；其他选项时态或主谓一致错误。8.completed（一般过去时）符合语境；其他选项时态错误。9.finish（动词原形）符合语境；其他选项形式错误。10.written（过去分词作定语）符合语法；其他选项形式错误。11.attributed（归因于）符合语境；其他选项搭配错误。二、填空题1.contribute2.harsh3.reduce4.hadlistened5.wrote;had6.faced;achieved2.finish8.written9.attributed10.finis