2026年专升本英语词汇语法巩固习题

2026年专升本英语词汇语法巩固习题一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1.Thecompanyhasbeenlosingmoneyforthepastthreequarters,whichsuggeststhatitmayneedto______amoreaggressivemarketingstrategytoattractnewcustomers.A.adoptB.adaptC.adopttoD.adaptto参考答案：A解析：本题考查动词词组辨析。adopt意为“采纳，采用”，符合句意“公司可能需要采纳更积极的营销策略”。adapt意为“适应”，后需跟to，选项C和D结构错误。题干中的“losingmoney”和“aggressivemarketingstrategy”表明公司需要采取新的策略，故A最符合语境。2.Despitetheheavyrain,theathletes______tocompletethemarathonontime,demonstratingtheirincredibleperseverance.A.attemptedB.attemptedtoC.attemptD.attemptto参考答案：B解析：本题考查动词时态和语态。句中“Despitetheheavyrain”表示让步状语，主句需用一般过去时，故排除C和D。attempttodosth意为“试图做某事”，符合句意“尽管下着大雨，运动员们还是试图按时完成马拉松”。A项缺少to，结构错误。3.Thenewpolicyaimsto______thegapbetweentherichandthepoorbyprovidingmoresocialwelfarebenefitstounderprivilegedcommunities.A.reduceB.reducingC.reducedD.reduces参考答案：A解析：本题考查非谓语动词。aimtodosth意为“旨在做某事”，故A正确。B项为动名词形式，C项为过去分词，D项为动词第三人称单数形式，均不符合句式结构。4.IfI______you,Iwouldapologizetoherimmediately,ashonestyisthebestpolicyinsuchsituations.A.amB.wereC.beD.being参考答案：B解析：本题考查虚拟语气。句意为“如果我是你，我会立刻向她道歉”，表示与现在事实相反的假设，故用虚拟语气中的were。A项am为陈述语气，C项be错误，D项being为动名词，均不符合虚拟语气结构。5.Thebook______byJaneAustenin1813hasbecomeoneofthemostbelovedworksinEnglishliterature.A.waswrittenB.wroteC.writtenD.waswrote参考答案：C解析：本题考查非谓语动词。句中“book”与“write”之间是被动关系，且作后置定语，应用过去分词形式，故C正确。A项waswritten为被动语态，但位置不当；B项wrote为主动语态；D项waswrote结构错误。6.Thecommitteedecidedto______themeetinguntilnextweekduetothelackofquorum.A.postponeB.postponeC.postponetoD.postponeto参考答案：A解析：本题考查动词词组辨析。postpone意为“推迟”，postpone为拼写错误，故B和C错误。postpone后直接跟名词或todosth，但此处无需to，故A最符合用法。7.Althoughtheexperiment______carefully,someunexpectedresultsstillemerged,whichsurprisedtheresearchers.A.wasconductedB.conductedC.wasconductD.conduct参考答案：A解析：本题考查动词时态和语态。句中“Although”表示让步，主句需用一般过去时，且“experiment”与“conduct”之间是被动关系，故A正确。B项conducted为主动语态；C和D项结构错误。8.Themanageraskedtheteamto______theirideasduringthebrainstormingsession,regardlessofhowunconventionaltheyseemed.A.shareB.sharedC.sharingD.shares参考答案：A解析：本题考查动词时态和语态。asksbtodosth意为“要求某人做某事”，故A正确。B项shared为过去式；C项sharing为动名词；D项shares为第三人称单数，均不符合句式结构。9.Thenovel,______byitsvividcharactersandintricateplot,haswonnumerousliteraryawards.A.isknownB.knownC.knowsD.knowsto参考答案：B解析：本题考查非谓语动词。句中“novel”与“know”之间是被动关系，且作后置定语，应用过去分词形式，故B正确。A项isknown为谓语动词形式；C和D项结构错误。10.Thegovernmentimplementedaseriesofmeasuresto______thespreadofthevirus,includingmandatorymask-wearingandsocialdistancing.A.preventB.preventingC.preventedD.prevents参考答案：A解析：本题考查动词时态和语态。句中“implemented”为谓语动词，后需跟不定式作目的状语，故A正确。B项preventing为动名词；C和D项结构错误。二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1.Thestudyfoundthatregularphysical______cansignificantlyimprovementalhealthandreducestresslevels.参考答案：exercise解析：本题考查名词。句意为“研究发现，规律的______可以显著改善心理健康并减少压力水平”，故填exercise（锻炼）。2.Despitethe______economicconditions,thecompanymanagedtoincreaseitsprofitsby10%lastyear.参考答案：tough解析：本题考查形容词。句意为“尽管经济形势______，公司去年利润仍增长了10%”，故填tough（艰难的）。3.The______ofthenewpolicyhasbeenmetwithmixedreactionsfromthepublic,withsomepraisingitsinnovationwhileotherscriticizeitscomplexity.参考答案：implementation解析：本题考查名词。句意为“新政策的______受到了公众的混合反应，一些人赞扬其创新，而另一些人批评其复杂性”，故填implementation（实施）。4.Ifyouwantto______agoodimpressioninthejobinterview,it’simportanttodressprofessionallyandarriveontime.参考答案：make解析：本题考查动词。句意为“如果你想______良好的面试印象，重要的是穿着专业并准时到达”，故填make（留下）。5.The______oftheprojectwasdelayedduetounexpectedtechnicaldifficulties,whichforcedtheteamtorevisetheirtimeline.参考答案：completion解析：本题考查名词。句意为“项目的______因意外的技术困难而延迟，这迫使团队调整了时间表”，故填completion（完成）。6.Theteacherencouragedthestudentsto______theirquestionsduringthelecture,asshebelievedthatactiveparticipationfostersbetterlearning.参考答案：ask解析：本题考查动词。句意为“老师鼓励学生在讲座期间______问题，因为她认为积极参与能促进更好的学习”，故填ask（提出）。7.The______ofthenewlawwilltakeeffectnextmonth,whichmeansthatbusinesseswillneedtoadjusttheiroperationsaccordingly.参考答案：enforcement解析：本题考查名词。句意为“新法律的______将于下月生效，这意味着企业需要相应调整其运营”，故填enforcement（执行）。8.The______ofthesurveyrevealedthatmostemployeesweresatisfiedwiththeirwork-lifebalance,indicatingapositiveworkenvironment.参考答案：results解析：本题考查名词。句意为“调查的______显示大多数员工对他们的工作生活平衡感到满意，表明了积极的工作环境”，故填results（结果）。9.Thecompany’s______strategyinvolvestargetinganichemarketwithhigh-qualityproductsandpersonalizedcustomerservice.参考答案：marketing解析：本题考查名词。句意为“公司的______策略涉及针对利基市场提供高质量产品和个性化客户服务”，故填marketing（营销）。10.The______oftheoldbridgewasdeemedunsafe,promptingtheauthoritiestoplanitsreplacement.参考答案：decay解析：本题考查名词。句意为“旧桥的______被认为不安全，促使当局计划其替换”，故填decay（腐烂）。三、判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1.Thecompany’sprofitshavebeendecliningforthepastfiveyears,whichindicatesthatitmayneedtoreevaluateitsbusinessmodel.（正确）参考答案：正确解析：句意为“公司利润在过去五年中一直在下降，这表明它可能需要重新评估其商业模式”，符合逻辑，故正确。2.Despitethefactthattheexperimentwasconductedmeticulously,someunexpectedanomalieswerestillobserved,whichpuzzledtheresearchers.（正确）参考答案：正确解析：句意为“尽管实验被仔细进行，但仍然观察到一些意外的异常，这使研究人员感到困惑”，符合科学研究的实际情况，故正确。3.Thenewpolicyaimstoreducetheincomegapbetweentherichandthepoorbyprovidingmoresocialwelfarebenefitstounderprivilegedcommunities.（正确）参考答案：正确解析：句意为“新政策旨在通过向弱势群体提供更多社会福利来缩小贫富差距”，符合政策目标描述，故正确。4.IfIwereyou,Iwouldapologizetoherimmediately,ashonestyisthebestpolicyinsuchsituations.（正确）参考答案：正确解析：句意为“如果我是你，我会立刻向她道歉，因为在这样的情况下诚实是最好的策略”，符合虚拟语气用法，故正确。5.ThebookwrittenbyJaneAustenin1813hasbecomeoneofthemostbelovedworksinEnglishliterature.（正确）参考答案：正确解析：句意为“简•奥斯汀在1813年写的这本书已成为英语文学中最受喜爱的作品之一”，符合事实，故正确。6.Thecommitteedecidedtopostponethemeetinguntilnextweekduetothelackofquorum.（正确）参考答案：正确解析：句意为“委员会决定将会议推迟到下周，由于缺乏法定人数”，符合会议决策逻辑，故正确。7.Althoughtheexperimentwasconductedcarefully,someunexpectedresultsstillemerged,whichsurprisedtheresearchers.（正确）参考答案：正确解析：句意为“尽管实验被仔细进行，但仍然出现了一些意外的结果，这使研究人员感到惊讶”，符合实验实际情况，故正确。8.Themanageraskedtheteamtosharetheirideasduringthebrainstormingsession,regardlessofhowunconventionaltheyseemed.（正确）参考答案：正确解析：句意为“经理要求团队在头脑风暴期间分享他们的想法，无论它们看起来多么不寻常”，符合团队协作原则，故正确。9.Thenovel,knownbyitsvividcharactersandintricateplot,haswonnumerousliteraryawards.（正确）参考答案：正确解析：句意为“这部小说以其鲜明的角色和复杂的情节而闻名，赢得了许多文学奖项”，符合小说评价标准，故正确。10.Thegovernmentimplementedaseriesofmeasurestopreventthespreadofthevirus,includingmandatorymask-wearingandsocialdistancing.（正确）参考答案：正确解析：句意为“政府实施了一系列措施来阻止病毒的传播，包括强制戴口罩和保持社交距离”，符合公共卫生政策，故正确。四、简答题（本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"affect"and"effect"intermsoftheirmeaningsandusage.参考答案："Affect"isprimarilyaverbthatmeanstoinfluenceormakeadifferencetosomething.Forexample,"Theweathercanaffectyourmood.""Effect"canbebothanounandaverb.Asanoun,itreferstoaresultorconsequence.Forexample,"Thenewpolicyhadapositiveeffectonthecompany’sprofits."Asaverb,itmeanstobringaboutachange.Forexample,"Thegovernmentwilleffectchangesinthetaxsystem."解析：本题考查动词和名词的辨析。"Affect"作为动词表示“影响”，如"Theweatheraffectsyourmood.""Effect"作为名词表示“结果”，如"Thenewpolicyhadapositiveeffect."作为动词表示“实现”，如"Thegovernmentwilleffectchanges."解析需详细说明两者词性和用法差异。2.Describethestructureofawell-writtenparagraphinEnglish.参考答案：Awell-writtenparagraphtypicallyconsistsofatopicsentence,supportingsentences,andaconcludingsentence.Thetopicsentencestatesthemainideaoftheparagraph.Supportingsentencesprovideevidence,examples,orexplanationstobackupthemainidea.Theconcludingsentencemaysummarizethemainpointsortransitiontothenextparagraph.Forexample:-Topicsentence:Regularexerciseimprovesphysicalhealth.-Supportingsentences:Itstrengthensmuscles,improvescardiovascularfunction,andboostsmentalwell-being.-Concludingsentence:Therefore,incorporatingexerciseintodailyroutinesishighlyrecommended.解析：本题考查段落写作结构。解析需说明主题句、支撑句和结论句的作用，并举例说明。3.Whatisthedifferencebetween"lay"and"lie"?参考答案："Lay"isatransitiveverbthatmeanstoputsomethingdownorplaceitsomewhere.Forexample,"Shelaidthebookonthetable.""Lie"isanintransitiveverbthatmeanstoreclineorrestinaparticularposition.Forexample,"Heliesonthecouch."Thekeydifferenceisthat"lay"requiresanobject,while"lie"doesnot.解析：本题考查动词辨析。"Lay"为及物动词，"lie"为不及物动词。解析需说明两者词性和用法差异，并举例说明。4.Explainthefunctionofarticles("a,""an,"and"the")inEnglish.参考答案：Articlesareusedtospecifyorgeneralizenouns."A"and"an"areindefinitearticles,usedbeforesingularcountablenounsthatarenon-specific.Forexample,"Acatisadomesticanimal.""Anappleisred.""The"isadefinitearticle,usedbeforespecificnounsorwhenreferringtosomethingunique.Forexample,"Thecatonthematissleeping.""Thesunisthecenterofthesolarsystem."解析：本题考查冠词用法。解析需说明不定冠词和定冠词的区别，并举例说明。5.Whatisthepassivevoice,andwhenisittypicallyused?参考答案：Thepassivevoiceisagrammaticalstructurewherethefocusisonthereceiveroftheactionratherthanthedoer.Itisformedwith"be"+pastparticiple.Forexample,"ThebookwaswrittenbyJaneAusten."Itistypicallyusedwhenthedoerisunknown,unimportant,orobvious.Itisalsousedinformalwritingtosoundmoreobjective.解析：本题考查被动语态。解析需说明被动语态的结构和用法场景。6.Describethedifferencebetween"few"and"afew."参考答案："Few"isusedtoindicateasmallnumberofsomething,oftenimplyingalackorscarcity.Forexample,"Fewpeopleattendedthemeeting.""Afew"isusedtoindicateasmallnumberofsomething,butwithaslightlymorepositiveconnotation.Forexample,"Afewstudentsparticipatedinthediscussion."Thekeydifferenceisthat"few"isusuallynegative,while"afew"canbeneutralorslightlypositive.解析：本题考查限定词辨析。"Few"表示“很少”，"afew"表示“少数”，解析需说明两者语义差异。7.Whatisthepurposeofusingtransitionwordsinwriting?参考答案：Transitionwordsareusedtoconnectideas,sentences,andparagraphssmoothly.Theyhelpguidethereaderfromonepointtothenext,improvingtheflowandcoherenceofthetext.Forexample:-"However"introducesacontrast.-"Therefore"indicatesaresult.-"Furthermore"addsmoreinformation.Usingtransitionwordsmakeswritingmoreorganizedandeasiertofollow.解析：本题考查过渡词作用。解析需说明过渡词的功能，并举例说明常见过渡词。8.Explainthedifferencebetween"imply"and"infer."参考答案："Imply"isatransitiveverbthatmeanstosuggestorindicatesomethingindirectly.Forexample,"Hissilenceimplieddisagreement.""Infer"isatransitiveverbthatmeanstodeduceorconcludesomethingfromevidence.Forexample,"Youcaninferfromhistonethatheisupset."Thekeydifferenceisthatthespeakerimplies,whilethelistenerinfers.解析：本题考查动词辨析。"Imply"为及物动词，表示“暗示”；"infer"为及物动词，表示“推断”。解析需说明两者词性和用法差异。五、应用题（本大题共8小题，每小题4分，共24分）1.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingthepassivevoice:"Thecommitteewillreviewtheproposalnextweek."参考答案："Theproposalwillbereviewedbythecommitteenextweek."解析：本题考查被动语态转换。原句主动语态为"Thecommitteewillreviewtheproposal"，转换为被动语态需将宾语"theproposal"提前，谓语改为"bereviewed"，并加上"bythecommittee"，故答案为"Theproposalwillbereviewedbythecommitteenextweek."2.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformoftheverbinparentheses:"Thecompany______(nothave)anyproblemswithitsnewproduct,butit______(stillwork)onimprovingitsfeatures."参考答案："Thecompanydoesnothaveanyproblemswithitsnewproduct,butitisstillworkingonimprovingitsfeatures."解析：本题考查动词时态和否定形式。"nothave"需用现在时态doesnothave，"stillwork"需用现在进行时isworking，故答案为"Thecompanydoesnothaveanyproblemswithitsnewproduct,butitisstillworkingonimprovingitsfeatures."3.Correctthegrammaticalerrorsinthefollowingsentence:"Sheisthemostintelligentpeopleintheclass."参考答案："Sheisthemostintelligentpersonintheclass."解析：本题考查形容词和名词搭配。"mostintelligent"需与单数名词"person"搭配，故答案为"Sheisthemostintelligentpersonintheclass."4.Changethefollowingsentencetothepresentperfecttense:"Theyfinishedtheprojectlastnight."参考答案："Theyhavefinishedtheproject."解析：本题考查现在完成时。"finished"需改为现在完成时havefinished，故答案为"Theyhavefinishedtheproject."5.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingaconditionalsentence:"IfIhadmoretime,Iwouldstudyharder."参考答案："IwouldstudyharderifIhadmoretime."解析：本题考查虚拟语气转换。原句为"If从句现在式，主句过去式"结构，改为倒装需将If从句提前，故答案为"IwouldstudyharderifIhadmoretime."6.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformoftheverbinparentheses:"Bythetimethemeeting______(start),theparticipants______(alreadyarrive)."参考答案："Bythetimethemeetingstarts,theparticipantswillhavealreadyarrived."解析：本题考查动词时态。"start"需用一般现在时starts，"arrive"需用将来完成时willhavearrived，故答案为"Bythetimethemeetingstarts,theparticipantswillhavealreadyarrived."7.Correctthegrammaticalerrorsinthefollowingsentence:"Heisgotothestoreafterhefinishhiswork."参考答案："Hewillgotothestoreafterhefinisheshiswork."解析：本题考查动词时态和语态。"isgo"需改为将来时"willgo"，"finish"需用一般现在时finishes，故答案为"Hewillgotothestoreafterhefinisheshiswork."8.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingtheactivevoice:"ThebookwaswrittenbyJaneAustenin1813."参考答案："JaneAustenwrotethebookin1813."解析：本题考查主动语态转换。原句被动语态为"ThebookwaswrittenbyJaneAustenin1813"，转换为主动语态需将"byJaneAusten"提前作主语，谓语改为"wrote"，故答案为"JaneAustenwrotethebookin1813."【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.A2.B3.A4.B5.C6.A7.A8.A9.B10.A解析：2.adopt意为“采纳”，符合句意；adapt意为“适应”，后需跟to，选项C和D结构错误。3.attemptedtodosth意为“试图做某事”，符合句意；attempt缺少to，选项C和D结构错误。4.aimtodosth意为“旨在做某事”，符合句意；其他选项结构错误。5.wereyou为虚拟语气结构，符合句意；其他选项不符合虚拟语气。6.writtenby...为过去分词作后置定语，符合句意；其他选项结构错误。7.postpone意为“推迟”，符合句意；postpone为拼写错误，选项B和C错误。8.wasconducted为被动语态，符合句意；其他选项结构错误。9.askedsbtodosth意为“要求某人做某事”，符合句意；其他选项结构错误。10.knownby...为过去分词作后置定语，符合句意；其他选项结构错误。11.prevent意为“阻止”，符合句意；其他选项结构错误。二、填空题1.exercise2.tough3.implementation4.make5.completion6.ask7.enforcement8.results9.marketing10.decay解析：2.exercise（锻炼）符合句意“规律的锻炼可以改善心理健康”。3.tough（艰难的）符合句意“尽管经济形势艰难”。4.implementation（实施）符合句意“新政策的实施受到公众的混合反应”。5.make（留下）符合句意“留下良好的面试印象”。6.completion（完成）符合句意“项目的完成因技术困难而延迟”。7.ask（提出）符合句意“鼓励学生在讲座期间提出问题”。8.enforcement（执行）符合句意“新法律的执行将于下月生效”。9.results（结果）符合句意“调查的结果显示员工对工作生活平衡满意”。10.marketing（营销）符合句意“公司的营销策略涉及针对利基市场”。11.decay（腐烂）符合句意“旧桥的腐烂被认为不安全”。三、判断题1.√2.√3.√4.√5.√6.√7.√8.√9.√10.√解析：所有句子均符合英语语法和逻辑，故均正确。四、简答题1.参考答案："Affect"是动词，意为“影响”，如"Theweatheraffectsyourmood.""Effect"可以是名词或动词。名词意为“结果”，如"Thenewpolicyhadapositiveeffect."动词意为“实现”，如"Thegovernmentwilleffectchanges."解析：本题考查动词和名词辨析。"Affect"作为动词表示“影响”，"Effect"作为名词表示“结果”，作为动词表示“实现”。解析需详细说明两者词性和用法差异。2.参考答案：Awell-writtenparagraphhasatopicsentence,supportingsentences,andaconcludingsentence.Thetopicsentencestatesthemainidea.Supportingsentencesprovideevidence.Theconcludingsentencesummarizesortransitions.Forexample:-Topic:Regularexerciseimproveshealth.-Supporting:Strengthensmuscles,improvescardiovascularfunction.-Concluding:Therefore,exerciseisrecommended.解析：本题考查段落结构。解析需说明主题句、支撑句和结论句的作用，并举例说明。3.参考答案："Lay"是及物动词，意为“放置”，如"Laythebookonthetable.""Lie"是不及物动词，意为“躺”，如"Lieonthecouch."解析：本题考查动词辨析。"Lay"为及物动词，"lie"为不及物动词。解析需说明两者词性和用法差异。4.参考答案：Articlesspecifyorgeneralizenouns."A"and"an"areindefinite,usedbeforesingularcountablenouns."The"isdefinite,usedbeforespecificnouns.Forexample:-"Acat"isnon-specific.-"Thecatonthemat"isspecific.解析：本题考查冠词用法。解析需说明不定冠词和定冠词的区别，并举例说明。5.参考答案：Thepassivevoicefocusesonthereceiveroftheaction.Itisformedwith"be"+pastparticiple.Forexample,"ThebookwaswrittenbyJaneAusten."Itisusedwhenthedoerisunknownorunimportant.解析：本题考查被动语态。解析需说明被动语态的结构和用法场景。6.参考答案："Few"impliesscarcity,like"Fewpeopleattended.""Afew"impliesasmallnumber,like"Afewstudentsparticipated."解析：本题考查限定词辨析。"Few"表示“很少”，"afew"表示“少数”，解析需说明两者语义差异。7.参考答案：Transitionwordsconnectideassmoothly.Forexample:-"However"introducescontrast.-"Therefore"indicatesaresult.Theyimprovetextflowandcoherence.解析：本题考查过渡词作用。解析需说明过渡词的功能，并