03-专题3 形容词和副词

专题3

形容词和副词01高考感知02考点突破03分层训练高考感知1.[2025全国一卷·改编]

Tu

says

that

the

balance

between

the

black

and

white

pieces,

the

beauty

in

the

_________________

（strategy）

placement

of

the

pieces,

and

the

energy

flow

following

each

move

inspired

artists

to

create

oil

paintings,

sculptures,

________

（digital）

generated

pictures

and

silk-screen

prints

for

the

exhibition.strategic/strategicaldigitally2.[2025全国二卷·改编]

Yet

now,

I

live

in

the

countryside

of

Zhejiang,

China

with

my

Chinese

husband

and

his

family,

where

bamboo

and

tea

bushes

（灌木）

grow

wild

in

the

mountains,

chickens

are

always

free-range,

and

_______

（center）

heating

doesn’t

exist.central3.[2024全国新课标Ⅰ]

In

cold

weather,

the

structure

stays

_______（close）

to

protect

the

plants.closed4.[2023全国新课标Ⅰ]

Xiao

long

bao

（soup

dumplings）,

those

amazing

constructions

of

delicate

dumpling

wrappers,

encasing

hot,

_____（taste）

soup

and

sweet,

fresh

meat,

are

far

and

away

my

favorite

Chinese

street

food.tasty5.[2023全国新课标Ⅱ]

So,

what

are

they

learning?_________（basic）,

how

to

describe

a

panda’s

life.Basically6.[2022全国新高考Ⅱ]

On

the

day

of

the

accident,

Mrs.

Brown

was

at

work

and

Eric

was

at

home

with

his

father.

They

both

fell

_______（sleep）

while

watching

TV.asleep7.[2022全国乙·改编]

As

a

main

promoter

of

the

International

Tea

Day,

the

birthplace

of

tea

and

the

_______

（large）

tea-producing

country,

China

has

a

responsibility

to

work

with

other

countries

to

promote

the

healthy

development

of

the

tea

industry.largest8.[2021全国新高考Ⅰ]

The

amazing

thing

about

the

spring

is

that

the

colder

the

temperature

gets,

the

______

（hot）

the

spring!

Strange,

isn’t

it?hotter9.[2021全国甲·改编]

After

spending

some

time

looking

at

all

the

defensive

equipment

at

the

wall,

we

decided

it

was

time

for

some

action

and

what

______（good）

than

to

ride

on

a

piece

of

history!better

词性转换或词形变化（5年33考）：如果设空处用来修饰名词或在系动词后作表语,应用形容词形式（动词变形容词、名词变形容词）;如果设空处用来修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子,则应用副词形式（形容词变副词）。有时也考查形容词或副词加表示否定含义的前缀,变为否定或相反含义。#10

比较等级（5年5考）：①虽然“比较级+than”结构的考查较为简单，但仍是高考的重点。②高考在考查比较等级时更倾向于让考生根据语境判断题干中暗含的比较含义。③常考的比较级、最高级句式：“the

more…,

the

more…”结构，意为“越……越……”；

“one

of

the

+形容词最高级+复数名词”意为“最……的……之一”。#11

提示词是名词或动词时，设空处位于系动词后作表语，或位于名词前作定语，考虑填形容词。提示词是形容词时，设空处修饰动词、形容词/副词、数词、介词短语或句子等，作状语，考虑填副词。

分析句子成分后，若发现不用词性转换，则需要考虑形容词/副词的比较级或最高级，对“比较级+than”结构的考查仍是高考的重点。若设空处前（后）有并列成分为比较级，或者上下文暗含比较含义,也需用比较级。此外，也常可以通过固定句型确定设空处填比较级或最高级。考点突破考点突破考点13

形容词和副词的比较等级考点14

形容词和副词的词性转换1.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则Point

1

规则变化变化规则例

词原

级比

较

级最

高

级单音节的词一般情况下直接加

-er和

-estsmallsmallersmallestgreatgreatergreatesthardharderhardest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词加

-r和

-stnicenicernicestlargelargerlargest变化规则例

词原

级比

较

级最

高

级以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写辅音字母，再加

-er

和

-estfatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，先把y变为i，再加

-er和

-esteasyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiestearlyearlierearliest续表变化规则例

词原

级比

较

级最

高

级其他双音节和多音节的形容词或副词都在前面加more和mostcarefulmore

carefulmost

carefulpopularmore

popularmost

popularefficientlymore

efficientlymost

efficiently续表【特别注意】（1）有少数双音节形容词既可以加

-er和

-est,又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些词是：common,

handsome,

pleasant,

stupid,

simple,

clever等。（2）有些形容词无法区别程度或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级或最高级形式。这类形容词有：right，

excellent，

possible，

wooden,

favourite,

senior,

superior等。续表Point

2

不规则变化原

级比

较

级最

高

级good,

wellbetterbestbad,

ill,

badlyworseworstmany,

muchmoremostlittlelessleast原

级比

较

级最

高

级farfarther（指时间或距离上“较久；较远”）farthest（指时间或距离上“最久；最远”）further（指空间距离“较远”；“在更大程度上”）furthest（指空间距离“最远”；“在最大程度上”）oldolder/elderoldest/eldest续表2.形容词和副词的比较等级的用法Point

1

同级比较的用法（1）“as+形容词/副词原级+as”与“not+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as”表示原级比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同/不同。●The

global

black

rhino

population

has

dropped

as

low

as

5,500.全球黑犀牛的数量已经下降到5,500。（2）当as…

as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：as+形容词原级+a（n）+可数名词单数+asso/as+many+可数名词复数+asso/as+much+不可数名词+as●I’m

not

a

little

tired

today

after

giving

the

room

a

thorough

cleaning

and

I

have

never

had

as

tiring

a

day

as

today.今天房间大扫除之后我很累，我从来没有像今天这样累过。●Henry

does

not

have

so/as

many

books

as

I

have.亨利的书没有我的（书）多。【知识拓展】英语中有些看似是同级比较的结构，实际上是一些习惯用语，常见的有：as

long

as

只要

as

far

as

就……而言as

soon

as

一……就……

as

well

as

和as

good

as

（=nearly

the

same

as）与……几乎一样；简直是Point

2

比较级的用法（1）“形容词/副词比较级+than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”;“less+形容词/副词原级+than”表示“一方不及另一方……”。●The

book

is

less

interesting

than

that

one.这本书不如那本（书）有趣。（2）“the+形容词/副词比较级…，the+形容词/副词比较级…”表示“越……越……”。●The

older

I

get,

the

more

I

feel

time

has

wings.我越长大，越觉得时光飞逝。（3）“形容词/副词比较级+and+形容词/副词比较级”或“more

and

more+形容词/副词原级”表示“越来越……”。●It

becomes

colder

and

colder

when

winter

comes.冬天到来时，天气越来越冷。●The

new

city

is

becoming

more

and

more

beautiful.这座新城市正在变得越来越美丽。（4）“the+形容词/副词比较级+of

the

two+可数名词复数”表示“某人或某物是两个……中较……的”。●Mike

is

the

taller

of

the

two

boys.迈克是两个男孩中个子较高的那个。（5）形容词/副词比较级可以用much,

even,

still,

far,

a

little,

a

bit,

a

lot,

rather等来修饰。●In

France,

quality

of

life

is

much

more

important

than

efficiency.在法国，生活质量比效率重要得多。●Always

make

your

presentation

just

a

bit

shorter

than

anticipated.让你的演讲总是比预期的要短一点。Point

3

最高级的用法（1）表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构为“the+形容词/副词最高级（+名词）+表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示“……中最……（的……）”。●Orange

trees

and

bamboo

plants

are

some

of

the

most

popular

decorations

in

many

parts

of

the

country.橘子树和竹类植物在全国很多地方是最受欢迎的一些装饰品。（2）“one

of

the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”。●Little

wonder

the

Federal

Duck

Stamp

Program

has

been

called

one

of

the

most

successful

conservation

programs

ever

initiated.难怪“联邦鸭票计划”被称为有史以来发起的最成功的保护计划之一。（3）用比较级表示最高级含义。①“否定词+形容词/副词比较级”表示最高级含义。●Mr

Black

is

very

happy

because

the

clothes

made

in

his

factory

have

never

been

more

popular.布莱克先生非常高兴，因为在他的工厂里生产的衣服从未如此受欢迎过。②以下包含比较级的结构也表示最高级含义：any

other+可数名词单数all

（the）

other+可数名词复数the

other+可数名词复数any

of

the

other+可数名词复数anything/anyone

else●Julia

is

taller

than

any

other

girl

in

her

class.=Julia

is

taller

than

all

the

other

girls

in

her

class.=Julia

is

the

tallest

girl

in

her

class.朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。比较级+than+（4）最高级可以用序数词及by

far，

nearly，

almost，

much，

by

no

means等修饰。●The

Yellow

River

is

the

second

longest

river

in

China.黄河是中国第二长河。●He

runs

almost

the

fastest

in

his

class.他几乎是全班跑得最快的。3.倍数的表达倍数表达法例

句A+谓语+倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than+BThe

electronic

waste

is

increasing

three

times

faster

than

traditional

garbage.电子废弃物正以比传统垃圾快三倍的速度增加。A+谓语+倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as+BThis

restaurant

wasn’t

half

as

good

as

that

restaurant

we

went

to.这家饭店还不如我们以前去过的那家饭店的一半好。倍数表达法例

句A+谓语+倍数+the+名词（size,

length,

height,

weight,

width等）+of+BThis

town

is

twice

the

size

of

that

one.这座城镇是那座（城镇）的两倍大。A+谓语+倍数+that+of+B=A+谓语+倍数+what引导的名词性从句The

output

of

this

year

is

three

times

that

of

2012.=The

output

of

this

year

is

three

times

what

it

was

in

2012.今年的产量是2012年的三倍。续表1.常见的形容词后缀

#1形容词后缀例

词-able，-ible形容词后缀例

词-al续表形容词后缀例

词-ant，-entsignificance—significant

有重大意义的distance—distant

遥远的difference—different

不同的convenience—convenient

方便的evidence—evident

明显的fluency—fluent

流利的-aryvolunteer—voluntary

自愿的；志愿的续表形容词后缀例

词-d，-edtalent—talented

天才的disease—diseased

患病的colour—coloured

有……色的-ousdanger—dangerous

危险的courage—courageous

勇敢的humour—humourous

幽默的续表形容词后缀例

词-fuluse—useful

有用的success—successful

成功的help—helpful

有帮助的meaning—meaningful

有意义的beauty—beautiful

漂亮的续表形容词后缀例

词-lessself—selfless

无私的end—endless

无尽的aim—aimless

无目标的hope—hopeless

绝望的-tiveproduct—productive

多产的attract—attractive

吸引人的talk—talkative

健谈的create—creative

有创造力的续表形容词后缀例

词-y-anAsia—Asian

亚洲（人）的-enwood—wooden

木制的gold—golden

金质的-erneast—eastern

东方的续表2.形容词转换为副词#2变化规则例

词一般情况在词尾加

-lykind—kindlyimmediate—immediatelywonderful—wonderfully以辅音字母加y结尾且y的发音为/i/的形容词把y改为i，再加

-lyeasy—easilyangry—angrilynoisy—noisily以辅音字母加le结尾的形容词去le加

-lypossible—possiblysimple—simply变化规则例

词以

–ue结尾的形容词去e加

-lytrue—truly以

–ll结尾的形容词在词尾加

-yfull—fully以

–ic结尾的形容词在词尾加-allybasic—basically续表【特别注意】1.以辅音字母加y结尾，且y的发音为/ai/的形容词，直接加-ly。dry—dryly

sly—slyly

shy—shyly2.以元音字母加le结尾的形容词直接加-ly，但whole除外。sole—solely

whole—wholly3.以-ic结尾的形容词直接加-ally，但public除外。historic—historically

public—publicly续表易混1

几组易混短语（1）no

more

than与not

more

than①no

more

than可相当于only，意为“仅仅；只”。●It

is

no

more

than

a

beginning.这仅仅是个开端。②“no/not

more

than+数词”相当于at

most，意为“不超过；至多”。●He

took

no/not

more

than

six

books.他最多带走了六本书。（2）“no

+比较级+than”与“not

+比较级+

than”①“no

+

比较级

+

than”意为“和……一样不……；两者都不……”。●He

is

no

richer

than

I.他和我都不富有。②“not

+

比较级

+

than”意为“……不如……”。●He

is

not

richer

than

I.他不如我富有。（3）more

than与more…

than…①more

than后接名词或代词，表示“不只是，不仅仅”；more

than后接数词，表示“超过，多于”；more

than后接形容词/副词，表示“非常，很”。●My

trip

is

more

than

sightseeing.我这次的旅行不仅仅是观光。●More

than

half

of

Australian

homes

are

still

choosing

to

stick

with

their

home

phone.超过一半的澳大利亚家庭仍然选择坚持使用座机。●I’m

more

than

happy

to

take

you

there

in

my

car.我非常乐意开车送你去那儿。②more

A

than

B意为“与其说是B，不如说是A”。●It

was

more

a

worry

than

a

pleasure.这事与其说让人高兴，不如说让人担心。易混2

语境中暗含比较等级有时比较等级并不能直接从结构中看出来，而是需要从语句的深层意义中体会出来。●It’s

too

noisy

here.

Can

we

go

somewhere

quieter？这里太吵闹了。我们能不能去个安静点儿的地方？（语境中暗含与当前地点比较的意味）●His

first

book

is

of

great

use

for

our

course,

but

his

latest

one

is

better

worth

reading.他的第一本书对我们的课程很有用，但他的最新作品更值得一读。（语境中暗含与第一本书比较的意味）易混3

由及物动词的现在分词或过去分词转化成的形容词分词作表语或定语时，现在分词多表示主语或被修饰词所具有的特征，基本含义是“令人……的”；过去分词多表示主语或被修饰词所处的状态，基本含义是“感到……的”。常见的该类形容词有：exciting

令人兴奋的excited

兴奋的boring

乏味的；令人厌烦的bored

厌烦的interesting

有趣的interested

感兴趣的disappointing

令人失望的disappointed

失望的；沮丧的surprising

令人吃惊的surprised

惊讶的relaxing

令人放松的relaxed

放松的易混4

形近副词的含义英语中,有些副词形式相近,常见的有：hard

努力地；艰难地hardly

几乎不late

迟；晚lately

最近；近来near

在附近nearly

几乎；差不多free

免费地freely

自由地；畅通地close

接近closely

严密地；接近地high

在高处；高highly

很；非常；高度地wide

广阔地；充分地widely

广泛地；普遍地deep

深深地；在深处deeply

深刻地；深沉地分层训练A组（基础）1.[2025八省（区）联考·59]

At

the

same

time,

a

language

and

its

individual

_______

（write）

forms

make

up

the

“soul”

of

a

nation’s

cultural

tradition.written【解析】设空处作定语,修饰名词

forms,

意为“书面的”,应用形容词written。2.The

delivery

industry

has

boomed

in

the

past

decade,

and

many

people

rely

________

（heavy）

on

parcels

to

maintain

their

normal

lives.heavily【解析】修饰动词短语rely

on，应用副词形式。3.Traditional

Chinese

medicine

is

also

enjoyed

by

even

______

（many）

people

outside

of

China.more【解析】句意：在中国以外，中医也受到了甚至更多的人的喜爱。结合句意及空前的even可知，此处应用形容词比较级。4.Now,

the

__________

（favour）

comments

exceeded

the

expectations

of

the

creative

team.favourable【解析】句意为：现在，好评超出了创意团队的预期。根据句意可知，此处表示“肯定的；赞同的”，且作定语修饰名词comments，应用favourable。5.It

was

said

that

the

_______

（early）

couplet

was

written

by

Meng

Chang,

emperor

of

Houshu

State.earliest【解析】句意：据说是后蜀的皇帝孟昶写下了最早的对联。根据句意和设空前的the可知，此处应用形容词最高级，表示“最早的”。6.They

don’t

want

to

rely

on

anyone.

Instead,

they

just

hope

to

remain

___________

（dependent）.independent【解析】remain在此处为系动词，设空处应用形容词作表语；再结合“They

don’t

want

to

rely

on

anyone.”可知，此处指“他们想保持独立”，故填independent。7.Please

provide

more

evidence

to

make

your

argument

__________（persuade）.persuasive【解析】设空处为形容词作宾补，意为“有说服力的”。8.Some

entrepreneurs

are

_______（simple）

born

with

a

gift

for

sniffing

out

a

good

business.simply【解析】设空处作状语，修饰动词短语are

born

with，应用副词simply。9.The

opera

was

_____

（late）

popularised

over

time,

and

thanks

to

joint

efforts,

now

there

are

more

than

5,000

plays

preserved

in

modern

times.later【解析】句意：随着时间的推移，这种戏曲后来逐渐普及，由于共同努力，如今有5,000多部戏剧保存到现代。根据句意可知，此处表示“后来”。10.Curious

and

__________

（astonish）,

I

rushed

out

of

my

dormitory

when

I

heard

the

noise

of

explosion.astonished【解析】设空处和Curious并列，作状语，应用形容词，表示主语I的状态。B组（综合）1.The

more

I

hear

about

her,

the

_____（little）I

like

her.less【解析】此处为“the+比较级…，the+比较级…”结构，表示“越……越……”。2.________（initial）,

the

officers

had

no

choice

but

to

live

in

tents.Initially【解析】此处作状语，修饰整个句子，句首单词首字母要大写。3.Zibo

City

in

Shandong

Province

went

viral

____________

（expect）

on

Chinese

social

media

for

its

local

barbecue

specialty.unexpectedly【解析】句意：山东省淄博市因其当地烧烤特色意外在中国社交媒体上走红。设空处作状语修饰went

viral，应用副词形式；再结合句意可知，此处指“出人意料地”，应用unexpectedly。4.I

wish

pandas

to

live

a

happy

life

forever

in

other

countries,

and

we

are

looking

forward

to

_______

（far）

cooperation.further【解析】此处表示“更进一步的合作”，应用比较级。far的比较级further常用于抽象概念，如程度、数量或进展上的“更进一步”。5.One

of

the_______________

（impressive）

cultural

activities

is

the

Asian

Games

Aesthetics.most

impressive【解析】此处表示“最……的……之一”，应用“one

of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构。6.Once

installed,

plug-ins

run

_____________

（automatic）,

and

you

don’t

have

to

do

anything.automatically【解析】设空处作状语修饰动词run,应用副词形式。7.So

________

（fluent）

does

she

speak

English

that

she

can

communicate

with

the

native

speakers

freely.fluently【解析】此处是“so+形容词/副词+that…”句式，意为“如此……以至于……”，设空处修饰动词speak，应用副词形式。8.Teaching

moral

values

to

students

is

not

only

__________（benefit）

to

the

individuals

involved

but

also

to

the

welfare

of

society

as

a

whole.beneficial【解析】根据系动词is可知，设空处应用形容词作表语；be

beneficial

to…为固定搭配，意为“有利于……；有益于……”。9.Hungry

and

______

（wear）

out,

he

lay

down

on

the

ground,

wondering

what

to

do

next.worn【解析】设空处和Hungry并列作状语，表示状态，应用形容词；worn

out为固定搭配，意为“疲惫不堪的；精疲力竭的”。10.In

the

Ming

and

Qing

dynasties,

the

number

of

teahouses

went

beyond

that

of

restaurants,

gaining

more

popularity

and

becoming

____________（well-known）.better-known【解析】根据上文gaining

more

popularity可知，此处应用比较级。

[四川德阳2025开学考]

The

Archaeological

Ruins

of

Liangzhu

City

in

Hangzhou,

Zhejiang

Province,

which

dates

back

around

5,300

years,

1._____________（include）

onto

the

UNESCO

World

Heritage

List

as

a

cultural

site

on

July

6,

2019,

bringing

the

total

number

of

the

Asian

country’s

sites

on

the

list

2.___

about

55.

The

ruins,

3._______

core

area

covers

8

square

kilometres

in

the

northwest

of

Hangzhou,

are

considered

to

be

4._____________

（represent）

of

early

urban

civilisation,

with

rice-growing

agriculture

as

the

economic

foundation.was

includedtowhoserepresentative

The

heritage

site

includes

city

ruins

with

palace

5.______

（relic）,

11

early-stage

dams,

high-level

cemetery

sites.

The

site

is

also

known

for

6.____（it）

abundance

of

ceremonial

jade,

which

shows

a

complicated

ritual

system

and

indicates

a

kingdom

with

7.___

combined

authority

of

god

and

kingship.

For

example,

cong—the

jade

piece

that

forms

a

rectangle

tube

with

a

circular

inner

section—is

typical

of

artifacts

8.__________

（unearth）

in

Liangzhu.

In

1986,

the

9.___________

（well-known）

relicsitsaunearthedbest-knownitem

of

this

kind,

which

10._______（weigh）

about

6.5

kilogrammes

and

is

referred

to

as

the

“King

of

Cong”,

was

discovered

in

Fanshan

Cemetery

in

the

city

ruins.#1.2.1【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。良渚古城遗址于2019年7月6日被列入世界遗产名录。本文对该遗址的相关信息进行了介绍。weighs1._____________was

included【解析】根据“on

July

6,

2019”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；include和主语The

Archaeological

Ruins

of

Liangzhu

City之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数名词，助动词应用was。2.___to【解析】bring…

to…为固定搭配，意为“使……达到……”。3._______whose【解