Confucian-Cultural-Pattern-儒家文化资料讲解

ConfucianCulturalPattern儒家文化BASICCONFUCIANBELIEFSManisgood,ifgoodexamplesaresetforhimFilialPiety-devotion,loyaltytofamilyObedienceandrespectforauthoritySOMEBASICFEATURESComestobeanddevelopsinaconditionofconflictandsocialdissolutionEmphasisonthefamilyasapillarofsocialstabilityBecomesthedominantphilosophy(ideology)inChinaafter136CEInfluenceonChinese(andEast-Asian)culturecanhardlybeoverstatedKEYPRINCIPLESOFCONFUCIANTEACHING1.SocialorderandstabilityarebasedonunequalrelationsbetweenpeopleFIVEKEYRELATIONSHIPSRulerandSubject(justiceandloyalty)HusbandandWife(initiativeandobedience)ParentandChild(loveandfilialpiety)OlderandYoungerSibling(friendlinessandreverence)Friends(mutualfaithfulness)UnequalRelationships(KowTow)君臣有义,父子有亲,夫妻有别,长幼有序,朋友有信KEYPRINCIPLESOFCONFUCIANTEACHING2.Familyisprototypeofallsocialrelations."Iftheotherisolderthantwiceone’sage,onemusttreathimlikeafather;iftheotherisolderthanwithintenyears,onemusttreathimlikeone’selderbrother;iftheotherisnotolderthanfiveyears,onecanwalkwithhimaminordistancetoshowrespect.”CONFUCIANTEACHINGFamilyisthepillarofthecountryandthesociety.国家(guojia)=state+family国=nation家=familyConfuciusbelievedthatifpeopleperformedtheirfamilialrolesproperly,theywouldperformtheirrolesinsocietyandgovernmentproperly.Asthesonggoes:Familyisthesmalleststateandthestateismadeupofthousandsoffamilies.ParallelbetweenfamilyandstateKEYPRINCIPLESOFCONFUCIANTEACHING3.Propersocialbehaviorconsistsofnottreatingothersasyouwouldnotliketobetreatedyourself.MORECONFUCIANVIRTUES己所不欲，勿施于人。RecipricityTheGoldenRule:"Donotdotootherswhatyouwouldnotwantotherstodotoyou.”Li(rites,ritual)–theinherent"pattern”inthingsForConfucius,Liisespeciallysignificantinasocialcontext–proprietyoretiquette,the"pattern”ofhumanebehaviorCOREVALUES/VIRTUESOFCONFUCIANISMHumanity","benevolence”toothers,ren仁(6.23)Righteousnessorloyaltytoyourfriends,yi义

Rituals,mannersorCustomsratherthanlaws,li礼(2.3)Wisdom,智Creditortrustworthiness信

Anothervirtue---FILIALPIETY"ASonshouldnotstrayfarfromhisparentswhiletheyarealive.”Parents,whenalive,shouldbeservedaccordingtoritual;whendead,theyshouldbeburiedaccordingtoritual;theyshouldbesacrificedtoaccordingtoritual."ANIMPORTANTBELIFE---HARMONYActiveharmony,heInharmonywithnatureInharmonywithothersHarmonywithoutuniformityCONFUCIANISMApoliticalandsocialphilosophyseekingsocialharmonyonalllevels:Withintheself…thefamily…thecommunity...thestate…thenation…theworld…thecosmosLearningfromthepasttoimprovethefutureTHEEMPHASISONEDUCATION学Processofeducationneverends(Xunzi1.1)Educationmeansimprovingone’s"humanity”,becoming"morehuman”Self-cultivation(xiushen修身)–Leadstoprofoundsenseofresponsibility–whatyouareisnotonlyyourselfTHEGREATLEARNING(DAXUE

大学)SelfFamilycountryWorldULTIMATEAIMOFCONFUCIANISMSelf-transformationofindividuals,transcendegotisticdesiresandaspirationsAharmonioussocietyofcivilized,educatedindividuals.Toexpandthesocialawarenessbeyondthebordersofone’slocalsociety–worldpeaceandharmonyofdiverseelements.CONFUCIANISM-TEXTSThe"FiveClassics”(ofthepast):I-ChingTheBookofHistory(ShuChing)TheBookofPoems(ShihChing)TheSpringandAutumnAnnals(Ch’unCh’iu)TheBookofRituals(LiChi)The"FourBooks”(Confucian)Analects(LunYu)DoctrineoftheMeanTheGreatLearningTheBookofMencius(Meng-Tzu)IsConfucianismareligion?No---Confucianismisnotareligionbutasetofpracticalprinciplesandethicalrulesfordailylife.ButIsaidConfucianism,withoutbeingareligioncantaketheplaceofreligion…..Confucianismcangivethemassofmankindthesamesenseofsecurityandpermanencewhichreligionaffordthem.----KuHongming,ThespiritofChinesePeople.CONFUCIANISMASARELIGIONDeificationofConfucius-statuesConfucianTemples–honoringConfuciusVenerationoftheancestorsRitualswithin…thehouseholdthevillagethestate

thenation"Workhardwhenyouareyoungorregretitwhenyouareold”"Womenandpeasantsarehard.Betoointimatewiththemandtheywillnotrespectyou.Betoodistantandtheywillresentyou”MoreTeachingsofConfuciusConfuciussaid:"IftheRulerisupright,thenthePeoplewillbeupright”.Theemperor'srolewaslikethatofafather:hewouldlovehissubjectsasiftheywerehischildren,andtheyinturnwouldshowloyaltyandrespectforhim.

RemembertheMandateofHeaven?WhatweresignsthatarulerwasNOTuprightandhadlosttheMandate?IMPACTOFCONFUCIANISMAfterhisdeath,Confucius’discipleswrotehissayingsin"TheAnalects”

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