车身碰撞后的校正外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

XXX设计附录A(外文文献)BodycollisioncorrectionInmodernautomobilebodyformainbodystructureofspacevehicle,integralofthebodyinordertoabsorbenergycollision,automotiveusuallydesignedasincollision,bymakingbypiecesofbrokenfoldedandbodytoabsorbtheimpactenergy;Therelayroutecrashforce,cansuchimagedepictedaswilltheculminationofcollisionpointasthecollision,cone-shapedcenterlinecanharnesskarabinersdirectionforcollision,Thedepthandscopeofconicalexpansion,saidthecrashforcefunctiondirectionandthetransmissionrange.throughbody.Integralbystampingthinbodystructureformation,metalmaterialplateconnectedtothewelding,mostofthecollisionimpactenergywasboughtcomponentmetalmaterialsplatepieces,collisionandshockabsorption,theinfluenceofthecomponentisthroughthebodypassed,therefore,thememberbodyrepairpeoplebasedonthisideaofanalysis,designofthecollisionoftherepairprocessprogrambody.Autobodyinjurycanthroughcomparingthegapbetweenbodystructure,alsocanjudgebycomparingthefrontwingsonplateandtheclearancebeforejudgewheels;Alsocanmeasuretheinstallingholebehindthefrontbumperframebeamspartspriortotheleftandrightsidesofthesizeofthecomparisonofthecarbody,manycarshavehighinstallationclearancerequirements.Bodydamagewhentheexamination,shouldcheckcomponentofthegapbetweenandcooperate,becauseeachbodystructuresmellwithhingeisinstalledinthecardoorpillar,publicationinordertodeterminewhetherthedamage,suchasdoorpillarbyclosingandopeningthedoorscanbesimplemethod,toobservethepositioniscorrect.Inafront-endcollisionaccident,importantistoinspectthebackdoorandwingofthedifferencesbetweensonboard,anotheroptionismorecarcontrolstwosideclearance.Inordertoholdthespacebodypossibleexaminealldamage,canbedividedintofiveministriesandspacebodyinspect.Firstpart:directcollisionpointdirectlydamagecaused,carefullyexaminedthebodyworkpiecesofmetalcoating,plastic,glassofbodyaccessories,decorationandbodycomponentssuchasouterpaneldamage;Forexampleinthefrontofthecollisionofthecase,thesiteshouldcheckatleastinclude:frontbumpersystem,grille,enginecover,theformerguardboard,halogenhalogenlamps,glass,thedoorsandthewheels;Ifthecollisionpointinacar'srear,shouldcheckatleastinclude:thepartsHouYisonafterbumpersystem,aftertheboard,luggage,lights,glass,wheels,etc.;Ifthecollisionpointinacar'sprofile,shouldcheckpartsincludeatleasttheoriginal:thedoor,roof,glass,pillar,floorplatepartandsuspension,etc.Thesecondpart:referstotheoutsideexceptthecollisionpointoccurredinotherpartsofthedamage;Therefore,itmayinvolvelargescope.Checkindirectdamage,shouldcheckclearcollisionforcesize,direction,absorbimpactstrength,etc;component.Observecomponentsurfacetrace,anybodythinmetalmaterialspurchasecomponentscanbegeneratedbythecollisionextrusion,tinyflaw.Forexamplebodyroofdamage,shouldpresenttheconvexshapebodycomponentindividualAngleinspectcomponentofmetalmaterialyieldconditionsThethirdpart:mainlyistheinspectioncarparts,checkthedamageengineandsportssystemundamageeachassembly.Thefourthpartfourthplace:basicallycheckpassengercabin,uncoverthedamagepartaccessoriescarpetandinsulationmaterials,observearoundthesurfaceofthemetalmaterialcomponents,checkseatsinstallation,seatbeltanchor,instrumentpanel,etc.Thedamagemarks,canalsorotatingdirectioninrunstraightdiscwheelsteeringdish,sawhispositioninthemiddle,andwhetherwithoutfreetrav.Thefifthpart:checkwhetherthebodyworkcomponent,decorativethreadmatchingalignedandcoatingwhetherstate,etc.Donotthinkthattheworkisnotimportant,isawasteoftime,thebodyofthecollisionofthecorrection,collisiondamageexaminationisthekeybodycalibrationprocess.Autorepaircorrectionbody,thereisonebasicprinciple,namelyinaccordancewithcollisionforceoppositedirectionsincollisionregionalcorrectionandexerttensioncorrected.Automobilebodydamagewhencollisiondamageissmall,accordingtotheinjury,thismethodissimpletohavetheeffectverymuch,nowallvehiclebodyrepairworkshoparealreadyequippedwithbodypanels.itrepairmachine,sosimpleandeasytorepairoperations.Thecausesofautomobilebodydamageisverycomplicated,becausebodystructureandcomponentformingreasons,especiallybybodystructureofthin-walledboxcomponent,theanalysisoftheimpactandrepair,suchenormousdifficultieswithsimplycan'ttensileoperatingmodeisbodyreturningtoitsoriginalshape.Forexample,underthecaraftercollisionphysiquepieces,intoacomplexshape;Meanwhile,itsstrengthalsochanged,ifitisonlyexerttensionintheoppositedirection,itistocannotmakeitsrestoreitsoriginalshape.Becauseeverybodycomponentintensityandcorrectionrecoveryweredifferent.Forexample,bodywingsonboardinbendingradiusofsmallerpartsintensitybig,thedeformationsmallerbycollisiondamageinwingarelativelyflatpartssonboardwilllookgreat,actuallydeformationbycollisionimpactissmall,annexdamage,aslongaswingresultswhenbendingradiussonsmallerpartsplasticcorrection,compareflatpartswillalsoreturntothedepressioncomponentoriginalshape.Surecalibrationprocessmethodisacomplexproblem,oftenneedtorepairpersonnelmastervariousknowledge,suchasbodystructureofthemechanicalpropertiesofmaterials,metal,equipmentreasonableapply,etc.Herethedecompositionofthefirststretchingforceanalysisandprocessmethodisintroduced.Bodycollisioncorrectionshouldtrytoadoptbodycalibrationequipment,thecalibrationequipmentsafetyinneedofplace;thetensileAtthismoment,repairpersonnelneedswillstretchingforcedirectionandthecomponentinverticalpositioninjuredarea;Atthismoment,repairpersonnelneedswillstretchingforcedirectionandendingtwoormoredirectionpullingforce.Thismethodistheforcehaveapoint,ifpartsbendingdegree,thestiffnessofexcessiveconstitutivecomponentisstronger,thecalibrationresultisbad,can'tevenwillcomponentcorrectionbacktoitsoriginalshape.Indifferentpointcanbeappliedonexerttensionstrength,pullingthedeformationsetaccordingtothecomponentofcomponentmultipledirectionscorrected.Forexamplefromtheabovestretchingforceanalysiscanknow,butwillthisonedirectionofforceisdecomposedintotwodirectioninthereality,whichcanalsoprocessofcorrectingaccordingtodeformationdegree,atanytimetorecover,ifadjustmentoftensilecomponentincalibrationprocesscoupledwithothercalibrationmethodscanbebettereffect.Iftensilesystemconstitutetriangleisnotnormalstate,itmustimmediatelystoptensile,otherwise,zipperendsoftheclampmayappearoverload,causeequipment,zippersorotherdamage.Inoperation,andthepositionofthejunctionofbodyworkheightalsoisakeyoperation,shouldtrytomakedynamicplungerandzippertimeAngleandplungerandprotection,whentheAnglebetweentheequaltoahighertensilepointposition,powerpolestrengthelongation,chainwillalsoelongation.Inimplementingthetensileoperationprecautions:(1)integralbodymetalmaterialssomeforhighstrengthmaterials,hadbetternottriedtostepwillfinish,butplasticcorrectionthroughaseriesoftensileoperations,includingtensile-balance--again--balancingtensileself-repeatingagain,socanmakemetalmaterials,theoperationflabbilyslowlycancheckcalibrationschedule,especiallyinthebodycomponentdamagestress,preventtypeproducesexcessivestretch。Thatistosay,slowly,carefullytoenragestartinghydraulicsystem,observecarefullybodydamagemobile,looktowhethercorrectiontotheappropriatepositionandshape,ifnot,shouldcheckthespecificreason,adjusttheAngleanddirectiontostart,reoccupyaftereliminatingstress,hammerwithhammerstrikingthe,thestressreleaseintensile,again,thatisflabby,ifnotsurestresshasbeenreleasedinfull,willagaintappingwithhammer.(2)stretchingequipmentandbodycomponentfixedposition,andintheprocessofdrawing,particularlyeasybecausethepartsconnectedbyoverloadingdamage,canaddsomefixedclampmethod,willloadthemultiplepartsscatteredinbody.(3)usefixeddevicetofixedbodypartfromthecenteroutwardsstretchandstraightening,buteveryfixtures,tightenedaftercheckappropriatefixeddevice,accordingtoitslocationbolttensileAngleandneedchangeinposition,tocompletethedamageofdeformationcorrection.Whileintermittentlybeginningappliedtensile,partinspectiondeterminetensileforceinthedamagewhichiseffective,ifseenoeffect,beabouttoconsidertochangethedirectionoftensileforceoffixedpositionandbodystretching.(4)Bodyparts,suchasbylateralbendingbeampositionofcurvedareas,canbeclampedbodycomponentbendssurfacestretch:constructingthewoundonthesurfaceofthepincanwelddepressionbyslidinghammerorothertensiledevicepullout.(5)Ifsomesagseriousparts.Membersofatornmetalmaterialsforitsdangerneedwhenheated,heatingtheedgesinthecomponentinonlytwolayerboardorcomponentconnectedplaceheating.Forexample,inframerailbeamposition,orinthemediallowboxsectionheating,heatingonlyastheinternalstressofmetalmaterialstorepairaauxiliarymeans,notasapartofthemetalmaterialthatcomponentthesofteningofmethod.Althoughdonotrecommendcommonlyinthecomponenthighstrengthmetalmaterialsplateheatwithweldingtorch,butsometimesitcanbecarefultouseweldingtorchheatingreachedauxiliarycorrectionmethod.(6)Inthepredeterminedpositionanddirectiononcomponentsexerttension,thedamagedcomponentrestoredtoitsoriginalsizeandshape,andtocompletetherestorationcomponentsmetalmaterialsplateinternalstress,canbettercorrectioneffect.Thewholeprocessofthebodycorrection,topreventtensileexcessive.Thereasongeneraltensileundulyhavetwo:Oneisnotfollow"forrepairwithinthefirstafterthetensileprinciple,cause,"thequalityrepairprogramconfusion,repairgoodboardpieceincidentnowinotherboardwhentheoriginaldeformationrepairaffectthesizeandshapeofthecomponents,previouslyhascorrectiongoodpartsbespun;Second,inthecalibrationprocesscannotprecisely,tomeasurethesizeofthecontrolpointsoftencancausepulllitreexcessive.Inordertopreventexcessive,tensileintensiledevicestretchcorrectionintheprocess,tothesiteofinjurycalibrationprocessmeasurements;Becausethemetalmaterialplatewillcomponentisrelativelyeasy,stretchedthroughprocessmethodbutwill,inturn,makesitisdifficulttoshorten.Anydamageintheautomotivecomponents,afterthebody,morethantheoriginalbodycomponentsizeandshape,itishardtoshrinkplastic,manybodypartsrepairprocess,theonlyrepairmethodstensiletransitionisreplaced.附录B车身碰撞后的校正现代汽车车身都以承载式车身为主要车身结构，承载式车身为了吸收碰撞时的能量，汽车车身通常设计成为在遭到碰撞时，通过使车身结构件的折叠和破裂来吸收冲击能量；碰撞力的传递路线，可以这样形象的描述为将碰撞点视为碰撞的顶点，锥形的的中心线可以为碰撞方向上的作用点，锥形的深度和扩展范围，表示碰撞力的作用方向和经过车身的传递范围。承载式车身结构由冲压薄金属材料板形成后，采用焊接连接而成，碰撞时的大部分冲击能量是被购构件金属材料板件吸收的，而碰撞冲击波的影响，是通过车身构件传递的，因此，车身修复人的员依据这一思路的分析、设计车身碰撞的修复工艺方案。汽车车身的损伤情况可以通过比较车身结构件之间的间隙来判断，也可以通过比较前翼子板和轮毂前后的间隙来判断；也可测量前保险杠后面的安装孔到前车架梁部件左右两边的尺寸进行比较，许多汽车的车身的安装间隙都有较高的要求。车身损伤检查时，应检查构件间的间隙和配合闻，由于各个车身构架都是用铰链安装在的车门立柱上的，刊为了确定车门立柱是否损伤，例如可以采用关闭和开启车门的简单方法，来观察车门的位置是否正确。在前端碰撞事故中，重要的是检查后门与翼子板间隙的差异，另一个办法是比较汽车左右两侧的间隙。为了能持的检视承载式车身可能发生的全部损伤，可将承载式车身分为五个部委进行检查。第一部位：直接碰撞点造成直接损伤，仔细检查车身外钣金件涂层、车身附件的塑料件、玻璃、装饰件和车身构件外板等损伤情况；例如在汽车前部碰撞的情况下，应检查的部位至少包括：前保险杠系统、格栅、发动机罩、前护板、前大灯、玻璃、车门和车轮；如果碰撞点在汽车的后部，应检查的部位至少包括：后保险杠系统、后翼子板、行李箱、后车灯、玻璃、车轮等；如果碰撞点在汽车的侧面，应检查的部位至少包括原：车门、顶板、玻璃、立柱、地板盘部分以及悬架等。第二部位：是指除碰撞点以外发生在其他部位的损伤；因此，它可能涉及较大的范围。检查间接损伤时，应当检查清楚碰撞力的大小、方向、吸收碰撞力构件的强度等；观察构件表面的痕迹，任何车身薄金属材料购构件经碰撞挤压都会产生细小的裂纹，例如车身顶板损伤呈现凸起形状，应在车身构件个别角处检查构件金属材料的屈服情况等。第三部位：主要是检查汽车部件的损伤，检查发动机以及运动系统各个总成有无损伤。第四部位第四部位：主要检查乘客舱内部分附件的损伤，揭开地毯和周围隔热材料，观察金属材料构件的表面，检查座椅的安装、安全带锚栓、仪表板等的损伤痕迹；也可以转动方向盘式车轮处于直线行驶位置，见他转向盘是否在中间位置，又无自由行程等。第五部位：检查车身外形构件是否匹配，装饰线是否对齐以及涂层状态等。千万不要以为这些工作不重要，是在浪费时间，车身碰撞的校正，碰撞损伤的检查是车身校正工艺的关键。汽车修复校正车身时，有一个基本的原则，即按照与碰撞力相反的方向进行校正，在碰撞区域施加拉力进行校正。汽车车身损伤的当碰撞损伤很小，按损伤比较简单时，这种方法很有效果，现在各种汽车车身修复车间都已经配备了车身钣金修复机，这样修复操作简单易行。汽车车身损伤产生的原因很复杂，由于车身结构和构件成形的原因，特别是车身构件采用薄壁厢型结构，给碰撞力的分析和修复带来很大困难，这样简单的用拉伸操作方式就不能够是车身恢复原形。例如，车身板件在遭受碰撞后，变成了复杂的形状；同时，其强度也改变了，如果是只在相反方向施加拉力，是无法使其恢复原来的形状的。因为每一个车身构件的强度和校正恢复都不完全一样；例如，车身翼子板在弯曲半径较小的部位强度很大，受到碰撞损伤的变形较小在翼子板较平的部位变形看上去会很大，其实受到碰撞冲击很小，附件损伤校正时，只要将翼子板弯曲半径较小的部位整形校正，比较平整的部位凹陷也会恢复到的构件原来的形状。确定校正工艺方法是一个综合复杂的问题，常需要修复人员掌握多方面的知识，例如车身结构，金属材料的力学性能，设备的合理运用等。这里先将拉伸力的分解工艺方法进行分析和介绍。车身碰撞校正应尽量采用车身校正设备，把校正设备安全放在需要拉伸的位置；这时，修复人员需要将拉伸力的方向与构件受伤部位相垂直的位置；这时，修复人员需要将拉伸力的方向跟结尾两个或多个方向的拉力；这个方法只是把力交到一个点上，如果部件弯曲程度过大