畜禽运输车的发展概述外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

附录AThedevelopmentoflivestocktransporterspaperLivestocktruckbelongstothestorehousebartypecaronekind,storehousebartypecarisrefershasthewarehousecagetypeorthefencecartypestructure,itismainlyusedinthevehicletransportbulkgrainfoodorfeed,livestockandothergoods.Atpresentourcountrystorehousebartypecarmainlybulkgrainbulktruck,bulkcarriers,livestocktransporters,feedpoultrytruck,abeekeepercaretc.Amongthem,thebulkgrainbulktruck,bulkfeedtransporterdesignedforwarehousecagetypecar,livestocktransporters,poultrytruck,abeekeepervehiclesforthefencetypecar.Withthedevelopmentofsociety,theautomobiletransporthavedevelopedrapidly.Amongthem,bulktransportationandcontainertransportisthemaindevelopmentdirectionofautomobiletransport.Euramericandevelopedcountrysincethe1930sbegantoresearchandapplicationofbulktransportation,atpresentthescatteredgrainofmaterialtransportationaccountsforabout80%,bulktrucktechnologyalsohaveverybigdevelopment.Ourbulktransportationstartlater,inthelate1960sfirstcarmarket,thencarbulkcementofvarioustypesofarisebulkcementtruck,foodtruck,bulkcementtruck,bulkpulverizedcoalelectricvehicle,etc.Atpresent,ourcountrybulktransportationlevelisstillverylow,althoughsince1970ssomedomesticresearchdepartmentsandmanufacturersinthebulkcarriers,especiallythedevelopmentofcarbulkcementachievedgratifyingachievements,butcomparedwiththedevelopedcountries,thecountryisstillabiggap.Intoday'sworld,withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomy,theexpresswaymileagerapidincrease,cartospecialization,fastpace,thedevelopmenttrendofChongXingHuadirectionismoreandmoreapparent,contributedtothespecialdemandincreasesyearbyyear.A.hasbecometransportationandvariousspecialusemainintheautomobileindustrythatwillbeapivotalstatus.Specialautomobilereferstodevicehasaspecialequipment,havespecialfunction,usedtoundertakespecialtransportationtasksorspecialassignmentscar,specialautomobilemanufacture,productionandapplicationofnotonlyinachievingspecializationtransportationandoperationsbythesocialattentionandwelcome,andinimprovingtransportationefficiencyandreducethetransportationcost,expandtheapplicationfieldscarhasplayedaveryimportantrole.Atpresent,China'spig,ox,sheeplivestockandchicken,duck,goosetowaitthebuyingandsellingofpoultry,eggtransportisusedmostlyordinarycars.Purchaseseason,stillusetractortransporting,thusinevitableexistencemanyinsurmountableshortcomings.Iftransportunsafe,livestockhighmortalityrate,transportlosses,etc.Eachcountrybyhundredsofmillionsofdollarsoflosses.Duetotheeconomicbenefitoftransportbackward,andlow,makelivestockmanagementappeargenerallylosses.Thendoublelivestocktransportersemerged,doublelivestocktruckbelongstothestorehousebartypetruck.Andthestandardofstorehousebarcalledstorehousebartypetruckinspecialtruck,caronexteriordesign,strivetomodellingbeautiful,internalrationalstructure,advancedtechnologyandusinghighqualitysteelskeletonsinstrictaccordancewithindustrystandards,weldedbyjig,compartmentsboardintocorrugatedtype,suppressandhighstrength,withlight-weight,storehousebarrailingcanhalfcompletedisconnectandoptionalsplits,lifting,convenientandpractical,safeandreliable,etc.Accordingtouserrequirementsdesigndoublefreshanimalvechile,lotsoffruitsandvegetablestruck,etc.SuitableforthemassesofusersZhongDuanTuhighwaytransportationuse,alsocanmakeordinarybillsinhighlydevelopedcaruse,thehighwaytransportation,particularlytherapiddevelopmentofmodernlogisticsindustry.Storehousebartypetruckwillgetrapidpromotion,popularity.Isthecity,thedevelopmentoflogisticsmarketintercityeconomicalproducts.AlthoughChinaspecialvehicledevelopmenthasmadegreatprogress,butChinaspecialautomobileindustrywithoverallfromEurope,America,Japanandothercountriesandregions,comparedtotheadvancedlevelindomesticspecialautomobilemarketdevelopmentisslower,marketsegmentation,productrayenoughbig,cannotsatisfyuserhomosexualindividualizeddemand,lowlevelofcompetitionisrelativelyserious,mainlyreflectsinfollowingaspects.(1)productionenterprisetoomuchtooscattered,currentlyChinamostspecialautomobileproductionenterprisesymptomis:ChangDiandispersed,onasmallerscale,developmentabilityarerelativelyweak.(2)productstructureisunreasonable,becauseChinaisindevelopingcountriestodevelopedcountriesintheprocessoftransformation,infrastructureconstructionalsoatpeak,soChinaspecialautomobilemarketdemandortotransportsupplies,meettheinfrastructureconstructionisgivenpriorityto,plusChinalaborresourcesabundant,themarketformdecidedtheChinesespecialvehiclestructureformasingle,presentedatsinglefunction,lowvalue-addedproductstoomanyconditions.(3)highscientificandtechnologicalcontentofproductslackofindependentresearchanddevelopmentcapacity.(4)productionprocesstoolinglevelislow.(5)thedevelopmentandproductionofspecialchassiswithmarketdemandstillhavedifference.(6)special-purposeautomobilemarketdevelopmentcertainlimits.ThedevelopmentofspecializedautomobileindustryinChinamarketspaceishuge,economicdevelopmentbringsrefinement,socialdivisionoflaborofspecialautomobiledemandperformancefordiversity.Alongwithmarketdemandincreases,technologydemandincrease,willpushtowardsthebrand,specializedautomobilefactoryspecialization,collectivization,scaledirection.Thenewsituation,howtonarrowthegapwithforeigndevelopedcountries,theChinesespecialautomobilemarketbiggerandstrongerisanimportantandfar-reachingsubject.WithChina'ssustainedeconomicdevelopment,nationalpoliciesandthegradualimprovementintheindustry,believethatthejointefforts,ourspecialautomobileindustrythroughactivelyparticipatesintheinternationalmarketcompetition,willcatchupwithandevensurpassthedevelopedcountriesoftheworlddevelopmentlevel,achievedbyChinamanufacturingtoChinatocreateleap.Alongwiththehealthydevelopmentofthenationaleconomy,thecontinuedexpansionofdomesticdemand,ourspecialautomobilemarketwillobtainrapiddevelopment.Inthenextfewyearsaremainlyconcentratedinfocusingonthedevelopmentofurbanconstruction,serviceandhighgradehighwaytransportationaspects.Specifictothefollowingaspects:1,DumpTruckWiththeexpansionofdomesticdemandinrecentyearsthepolicyofnationalimplementation,activelyinvestingininfrastructureconstructionandtheconstructionoflargeproject,allofthecorrespondingdumpvehicledemandhaveplentyofgrowth,andthebigandheavytonnageisthedirectionofdevelopment,movproportionwillfurtherincrease.2,TractioncarWithChina'shighwaysandroadsofgrowth,thehighway,thehighwayexpansiontoimprovetransportefficiencybringstheneed,thiswillbefortheleadingmodelsinthefutureinhighway'sbigvolumeofvansemi-trailerwillgreatlyincrease,thecorrespondinghalfhangedtractordemandwillalsobegreatlyincreased,andlongdistancetransportationofhigh-power,highwayoftractoristhehotmarketdemand.3,TankcarTankcarsincludingcommontanker,bulkcementcar,concretemixingtruck,andusethehighpressuretankerrelativelyfew,chemicalliquidgastanker,suckuncleanliquidtanker,etc.Alongwiththedevelopmentofthewesternregionoilandgasresourceswilldrivepetrochemicaloil-refiningdevelopment,sobigatankerdemandwillalsoincrease.Thehalfhanginglarge-tonnagetankergrowthratewillalsoaccelerated.4,BulkcementcarandConcretemixerInrecentyears,alongwiththeriseofthehousingboomandpublicinfrastructureconstructionofdevelopmentofbulkcementcausedthecarandconcretemixingthecarisingreatdemand.5,MunicipaltransportMunicipaltransportincludinglargebuses,pavementsweeper,canchangetheCheXiangShicar,suckFenChegarbagecompression,sewerdredgecar,allkindsofYouZhengChe,sprinklerandcleaningtallbuildingstoaloftworkingcaretc.Ascountriesestablishacceleratingurbanization,inordertoadapttoallkindsofurbanconstructionneedspecialconstructionprojectswillbehugedemandisveryrich,andvarietieswill.Urbanizationwillnotonlydriveeconomicdevelopment,atthesametimeforallsortsofspecialneedswillincreaseup,pullthecarindustrydevelopment.6,HighwaymaintenancevehiclesTherapiddevelopmentofnationalhighway,with"fivelongitudinalandtransverse"giveprioritytosevenofroadnetwork,thecompleteskeletonnationalhighwaytraffictotalmileagewillreach3.5millionkilometers.Asthegreatwesterndevelopmentconstantlyadvancingandwesternregionsoftheincreasingexpresswaymileage,largehighwaypavementmaintenanceQingZhangChe,car,pavementsweeper,rescuetrailers,takethelargecraneJiuYuanCheetchavebigmarket.7,FiretrucksThenumberofspecialization,thespecialjin-weimoreandmore,buttheactualsituationofcarfromview,atpresentourcountryenginesinquantityandqualityofthereisgreat,especiallymodelslackstructureunreasonable,thespeciallowproportionofthetotalamountof69.2%,waterpottruckaccountedfor,andthespecial(exceptpitchers,drypowder,foamoutsideofthevehicle)only10%.Inthefuturethespecialwillbecomethespecializationofthekeydemand.8,MedicalexclusiveA.includingtheambulance,medicaltreatmentofmedicalCaiXieChe,epidemicpreventionambulance,car,assaycaretc.2003nationalduetotheinfluenceoftheSARSepidemicandsoutheastAsiacountriescurrentlypopularbirdfluvirus,willgreatlyboostdomesticmedicalexclusivedemand.9,AirportexclusiveCurrent,thecountrytoestablishtheairportconstructiononthedevelopmentofwesternChina,alongwiththeairportisbuilt,theairportcar,needtherampbaggagecar,foodsupplies,theplanelargecartankertruck,JiuYuanChe,firetruckaircrafttractor,etc.Inadditiontotheairport'spowerenginesfornootherthandomesticproductionofallwithenterpriseproduction,butoneofthebigtonnagerefuelaircraftinthecar,structureandtechnicalperformance,cannotcompletelyguaranteed,aridimprovesoonpasslevel.10,OilfieldexclusiveOilfieldinuniversalspecialistheheavytonnagetruckchassiswithvariousdrillingandworkoveronsuchaspecialequipmentoperation.Alongwiththedevelopmentofthewesternoilresources,thewesternregionswiththevehicledemanddesertoilfieldlargecementingcar,drillingcar,lifecars,carandothertypesofrepairing.11,ContainercarWiththehigh-speeddevelopmentofnationaleconomy,modernlogisticsspeedingupandusedinmeat,quick-frozenfood,cold,dairyproductsandfruitclasscommodityproductionandtransportation,containertransportationwillincreaseofChina'sautomobiletransportationdevelopmentisanimportantdirectionofcontainercareveryyear,thedemandwillincreasegreatly.Alongwiththedevelopmentofournationaleconomy,improvementofpeople'slivingstandard.Peopleonthepoultry,meatproductsdemandhasincreaseddramatically.Andlivestockandpoultrybreedingsitesawayfromdowntown,soitneedstofreshlivestockandpoultrytransportationtothedesignatedplace.Sothemarketdemandoflivestocktransportersbiggeralso.Anddoublelivestocktransporterscantransportchicken,duck,goosetowaittopoultry,canalsotransportpig,ox,sheep,meetconsumerandevaluatedtheanimalbreedingownerneeds,thusdoublelivestocktransportersinrecentyearsmoreandmoredomesticmarketdemand,marketprospect.Specialautomobilemanufacture,productionandapplicationofnotonlyinrealdoortodoorprofessionaltransportationandoperationsbythesocialattentionandwelcome,andinthelargescaleenhancementtransportationefficiencyandreducethetransportationcost,expandingcaraspectsofapplicationfieldplayanimportantrole,automobiletransportsystem,canreducedamageintransitgoodssenttoimprovetransportandthesafetyandreducethepollution,andprotecttheenvironment.Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,livestocktransporterspresentsChongXingHua,intelligent,high-grade,multipolarizationdevelopmenttrend.附录B畜禽运输车的发展概述畜禽运输车属于仓栅式汽车的一种，仓栅式汽车是指具有仓笼式或栅栏式结构的车厢的车辆，它主要用于运输散装颗粒食物或饲料、畜禽等货物。目前我国仓栅式汽车主要有散装粮食运输车、散装饲料运输车、牲畜运输车、家禽运输车、养蜂车等。其中，散装粮食运输车、散装饲料运输车为仓笼式汽车，牲畜运输车、家禽运输车、养蜂车等为栅栏式汽车。随着社会的发展，汽车运输得到了飞速的发展。其中，散装运输和集装箱运输是汽车运输发展的主要方向。欧美发达国家自20世纪30年代便开始研究和应用散装运输，目前其散粒物资运输约占80%以上，散装运输车技术也有很大的发展。我国散装运输起步较晚，20世纪60年代末期第一辆散装水泥车问世，随后相继出现了各种型式的散装水泥运输车、粮食运输车、散装电石粉运输车、散装煤粉运输车等。目前，我国散装运输的水平还很低，虽然20世纪70年代末以来国内一些科研部门和厂家在散装运输车的研制方面，特别是散装水泥车的研究取得了可喜的成绩，但与国外发达国家相比，仍有很大差距。当今世界，随着经济的快速发展，高速公路里程的迅速增加，汽车向专业化、高速化、重型化方向发展的趋势越来越明显，促使对专用车的需求逐年增加。专用车已成为运输及各种特殊用途的主力车种，在汽车工业中占有举足轻重的地位。专用汽车是指装置有专用设备、具备专用功能、用于承担专门运输任务或专项作业的汽车，专用汽车的研制、生产和应用不仅在实现专业化运输和作业方面受到社会的广泛重视和欢迎，而且在提高运输效率、降低运输成本、扩大汽车的应用领域等方面都发挥着极重要的作用。目前,我国猪、牛、羊等牲畜及鸡、鸭、鹅等家禽蛋品的收购销售,运输工具大多采用普通汽车。收购旺季时,还使用拖拉机运输,因而必然存在许多不可克服的缺点。如运输不安全,禽畜死亡率高,运输亏损等。每年给国家造成数亿元的损失。由于运输工具落后,经济效益低,使禽畜经营普遍出现亏损。于是双层畜禽运输车应运而生，双层畜禽运输车属于仓栅式运输车。而仓栅式运输车的标准称为仓栅式专用运输车，车厢在外型设计上，力求造型美观、内部结构合理、工艺先进，采用优质钢材为骨架，严格按照行业标准焊接而成，厢板经工装夹具压制而成瓦楞型，具有较高的强度，同时具有自重轻、仓栅栏杆可半拆、全拆和随意升降、方便实用、安全可靠等特点。根据用户要求设计制作双层鲜活动物运输车、瓜果蔬菜运输车等。适合广大用户的中短途公路运输使用，也可作普通载货汽车使用，在高度发达的公路运输业，特别是现代物流产业的飞速发展。仓栅式运输车必将得到迅速的推广、普及。是城市、城际物流运输市场开发的经济型产品。虽然中国专用汽车发展取得了很大进步，但是，中国专用汽车行业整体上与欧、美、日等国家和地区的先进水平相比，国内专用汽车市场开发比较缓慢，市场细分程度不够，产品雷同性大，不能满足用户个性化需求，低水平竞争还比较严重，主要体现在一下几个方面。（1）生产企业过多过散，目前中国大多数专用汽车生产企业的症状是：厂点分散，规模较小，开发能力较弱。（2）产品结构不合理，由于中国正处于发展中国家向发达国家转变的过程中，基础设施建设还处于高峰期，所以中国专用汽车市场的需求还是以运输物资、满足基础设施建设为主，加上中国劳动力资源比较丰富，该市场形态决定了中国专用汽车现阶段呈现结构形式单一、功能单一、低附加值产品过多的状况。（3）科技含量高的产品缺乏自主研发能力。（4）生产工艺工装水平低。（5）专用底盘的开发生产与市场需求仍有差距。（6）专用汽车市场的拓展受到一定的限制。我国专用汽车行业发展的市场空间是巨大的，经济发展带来社会分工的细化，将对专用汽车的需求表现为多元化。随着市场需求的增大，技术需求的提高，势必推动专用汽车制造厂向着品牌化、专业化、集团化、规模化方向发展。新形势下，如何缩小与国外发达国家的差距，将中国专用车市场做大做强是一项重要而深远的课题。随着我国经济的持续发展，国家各项政策的逐步完善，相信在全行业的共同努力下，我国的专用汽车产业通过积极参与国际市场竞争，一定会赶上甚至超越世界发达国家的发展水平，实现由中国制造向中国创造的飞跃。随着国民经济的健康发展，国内需求的持续扩大，我国专用汽车市场也将取得飞速的发展。今后几年发展的重点主要集中在城市建设、服务和高等级公路运输方面。具体到车型上体现在下列方面：

1、自卸汽车

随着近几年来国家实施扩大内需的方针，积极投资基础设施建设和兴建大型工程，都对相应的自卸汽车需求量有大量的增长，而且大、重吨位的自卸车是发展的方向，所占的比例也将进一步增大