低温液体储罐外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

附录ShutoffvalveforcryogenicliquidstoragetankInordertoachievetheforegoingobjective,theautomaticpressurereliefmeansincludesacylindricalhousingattachedtoaventtubehavingaseatatoneend.Theotherendoftheventtubeisattachedtoasafetyregulatorvalvetoventgastotheatmosphere.Thecylindricalhousingisclosedexceptforaholeatitslowerend.Asteelball,whichhasadiametergreaterthantheholeinthelowerendofthehousing,iscontainedwithinthehousingbelowtheseat.Asthecryogenictankisfilled,thesteelballfirstrespondstothemomentumofthegasescapingthroughtheventtubeandisliftedtowardtheseat.Whenthecryogenicliquidreachesthesteelball,theadditionmomentumoftheliquidwithitsgreatermassdrivesthesteelballintoengagementwiththeseatandsubstantialhaltstheescapeofgasthroughtheventtube.Oncethesteelballhasengagedtheseat,thedifferenceinpressurebetweenthegasinthetankandthesettingofthesafetyregulatorvalveontheventtubeholdsthesteelballinplaceagainsttheseatuntilthefillingoperationiscomplete,andthepressureinthetankhasdecayedtotheoperatingpressureofthetank.Althoughthesteelballdoesnotfloatinthecryogenicliquid,themomentumoftheliquidagainstthesteelballintheenclosedhousingissufficienttodrivethesteelballagainsttheseatandsubstantiallysealofftheventtube.Apressurereliefmeansincludesaventtubewhichextendsthroughtheneckandwhichhasanexhaustportatitstopendandaninternalpressurereliefvalveatitslowerend.Theinternalpressurereliefvalveonlyextendsashortdistanceintothevaporspaceatthetopoftheinnervessel.Asafetypressurereliefvalveisconnectedtoexhaustportandhasapressuresetpointabovetheoperatingpressure(emptyingpressure)ofthetankandbelowthehigherdeliverypressure(fillingpressure)ofthetank.TurningtoFIG.2,theinternalpressurereliefvalveincludesacylindricalhousingwhichisconnectedtothebottomendoftheventtube.Thehousingisenclosedexceptthatitslowerendhasaholethereintoallowentryofgasandliquid.Nearthetopofthehousing36thereisprovidedataperedseatwhichsurroundsanopeningleadingtotheventtube.Enclosedwithinthehousingisaballwhichisformedofsteelforexample.Othermaterialsmaybeusedaslongastheyhavesufficientlyhighmeltingtemperaturessothattheballcanremainwithinthehousingwhilethetankisbeingweldingduringfabrication.Materialsthatcanwithstandtheheatoffabricationaretoodensetofloatinthecryogenicliquidintheinnervessel.Consequentlyonecannotrelyonthebuoyancyoftheballtoforcetheballintocontactwiththetaperedseatandclosetheinternalpressurereliefvalve.Ihavediscoveredthatthemomentumofthecryogenicliquidflowingintothehousingcanbeusedtopropeltheballintoengagementwiththetaperedseatandsubstantiallyclosetheinternalpressurereliefvalve.Inordertofillthetank(FIG.1),asingledeliveryhosefromatransporttank(notshown)isconnectedtotheinlet/outletportbymeansofthecouplingandpipe.Thevaporpressureinthetransporttankcausesthecryogenicliquidinthetransporttanktoflowthroughthehose,throughcoupling,throughpipe,throughpipe,andintotheinnervessel.Asthecryogenicfluidrisesintheinnervessel,thevaporpressureincreasesuntilitexceedsthesetpointofsafetypressurereliefvalve.Oncethesetpointofsafetypressurereliefvalveisexceeded,thevaporescapes(asshownbyarrowsinFIG.2)throughtheinternalpressurereliefvalve,theventtube,theexhaustport,andthesafetypressurereliefvalve,whichhasitssetpointbelowthepressureofthetransporttank.Consequently,thevaporisventedtotheatmosphereinsteadofbeingcompressedabovetheliquidandcreatingbackpressuresufficienttocounteractthevaporpressureinthetransporttank.Asthevaporescapesthroughtheventtube,itnecessarilypassesthroughtheholeandthehousing.Asthegaspassesthroughthehousing,themomentumoftheescapinggascausesthesteelballtorisewithinthehousingtowardthetaperedseat.Thesteelballandhousingaredimensionedsuchthatthemomentumofthegasisnotsufficienttodrivethesteelballintoengagementwiththetaperedseat.Oncetheliquidrisestotheopeningoftheenclosedhousing,liquidisforcedthroughholeandintotheenclosedhousing.Becausetheliquidhasagreatermassandthereforegreatermomentumthanthegas,themomentumoftheliquidflowingintothehousingissufficienttodrivethesteelballintoengagementwiththetaperedseat.Toassureproperoperationoftheinternalpressurereliefvalve,thedimensioningofthesteelballandtheenclosedhousingiscritical.Particularly,inapreferredembodimentofthepresentinventioninwhichasteelballisused,Ihavefoundthata1/2inchsteelballperformssatisfactorilywhentheinsidediameterofthehousing36is5/8inch.Moreover,forasteelballwithadiameterof1/2inch,theinsidediameterofthehousingmustbe5/8inchplusorminus1/32inch.Iftheinsidediameterofthehousingistoosmall,themomentumofthegaswillbesufficienttodrivethesteelballintoengagementwiththetaperedseatprematurelyclosingtheinternalpressurereliefvalveandpreventingthetankfrombeingcompletelyfilled.If,ontheotherhand,theinsidediameterofthehousingistoolarge,themomentumoftheliquidwillnotbesufficienttodrivethesteelballintoengagementwiththetaperedseat,andtheinternalpressurereliefvalvewillnotcloseallowingescapeofliquidasthetankcontinuestofill.Ifanotherheatresistantmaterialotherthansteelisusedfortheball,suchasalighterweightheatresistantmaterial,thetolerancesontheinsidediametershouldbelesscritical.Likewise,usingataperedhousingwhichhasagreaterdiameteratthetopandasmallerdiameteratthebottom(muchlikethetaperedseat)shouldlikewiseprovideforlesscriticaldimensionaltolerancesbetweentheinsidediameterofthehousingandthediameteroftheball.Oncethefloatballengagesthetaperedseat,furtherescapeofliquidorvaporfromwithintheinnervesselissubstantiallyinhibitedalthoughthemetaltometalcontactbetweentheballandthetaperedseatwillnotprovideacompleteseal.Inthecontextofthepresentinventionthetaperedseatwhichsubstantiallyinhibitstheescapeofliquidandgasisconsideredasealingseat.TheuseofasealinggasketsuchastheO-ringemployedbythepriorarthasbeeneliminatedbecausesuchsealinggasketsaregenerallymadeofmaterialsthatcannotstandtheheatofmanufactureorifcapableofwithstandingsuchheat,areexpensive.Moreover,thesealcreatedbytheballandtaperedleaksonlyasmallamountofgasandonlyforthetimethatthevaporpressureexceedthesetpointofthesafetypressurereliefvalve.Evenafterthevalvehasbeensubstantiallyclosedbymeansofthesteelball,cryogenicfluidwillcontinuetoflowintothetankuntilthevaporpressureinthevaporspaceintheinnervesselequalsthatofthevaporpressureinthetransporttank.Thatfurtherincreaseintheleveloftheliquidinthetankincreasestheinternalvaporpressureinsidetheinnervessel,andtheresultingpressuredifferentialbetweentheinsideoftheinnervesselandthesetpointofthesafetypressurereliefvalveinsuresthatthesteelballissecurelyseatedagainstthetaperedseattoinsureagainstfurthersignificantventingofvapororescapeofliquidduringthefillingprocess.Oncethecryogenictankhasbeenfilled,thetransporttankhoseisuncoupledfromself-closingcoupling.Asthegasissubsequentlywithdrawnfromvessel14throughregulator,thepressureofthevaporwillbereducedbelowthesetpointofsafetypressurereliefvalve,andthesteelballwilldropfromengagemnetwiththetaperedseat.Withthesteelballdisengagedfromtaperedseat,thetankisreadyforthenextfillingoperation.Infillingtank10inFIG.1,thesmallamountofvaporandliquidthatescapesduringthefillingoperationthroughportislesseconomicallyimportantthanthecostofprovidingaskilledtransportoperatorand/orsophisticatedpumpingandventingapparatus.Also,thecostoftheventedvaporandliquidissmallwhencomparedtothecostofadditionaldeliveryvisitsthatwouldresultifthetank10isonlypartiallyfilled.Thereisdisclosedanimprovedinternalpressurereliefvalveforfillingacryogenicliquidstoragetank.Theinternalpressurereliefvalveconsistsofahousingwithasealingseatatoneend,aninletholeattheotherend,andaballenclosedtherein.Theinternalpressurereliefvalveisconstructedofmaterialswhichcanwithstandtheheatencounteredduringfabricationwithoutmelting.Consequently,thematerialfortheballismoredensethanthecryogenicliquidinthetanksothattheballwillnotfloatinthecryogenicliquid.Consequently,theballandthehousingaredimensionedsothatthemomentumofthecryogenicliquidasitflowsintothehousingtowardaventportduringthefillingoperationissufficienttodrivetheballintoengagementwiththesealingseat,closingtheventport,andassuringtheterminationofthefillingprocesswhenthepressureinthecryogenictankbuildsuptothatofthedeliverypressure.

低温液体储罐为了实现低温目标，自动泄压手段包括一个圆柱形住房附在排气管有座位的一端。另一端的排气管连接到一个安全调节阀泄气体排放入大气。圆柱住房除外关闭了一个洞在其下端。钢球，其直径大于杆下端的，是包含在下面的座位上。由于低温罐体装货，钢球首先响应的势头气体逸出的排气管通过。当低温液体达到钢球，增加势头的液体，它的体积更大驱动钢球接触到所在的位置和大量阻止气体外泄通过排气管。一但通过钢球所在地，不同的压力之间的罐和确定安全调节阀的排气管拥有钢球在对席位，直到填充作业完成后。虽然钢球不浮动的低温液体，势头的液体对钢球在封闭住房足以驱动钢球，从而封锁喷口管。压力救助手段包括一个管口延伸，并有一个排气口在其最高端和内部的压力安全阀在其下端。内部压力安全阀只延长很短的距离到蒸气空间上方的距离。一个安全泄压阀连接到排气口和有压力设定点以上的工作压力（排空压力）的罐体和低于更高交付压力（充气压力）的液罐。

内部压力安全阀包括一个圆柱形住房这是连接到低端喷口管。住房附除外，其下端有一个洞，使进入其中的管和液态天然气。上方附近的房屋提供了一个锥形座位周围开放导致排气管。封闭的住房球是形成钢铁为例。其他材料可用于只要有足够高的熔化温度，使球能保持在一定的位置，而液罐正在焊接在捏造。材料能够经受热加工过于密集浮动的低温液体。因此，不能依靠浮力球，迫使接触到锥形座椅和密切的内部压力安全阀。已发现的势头低温液体流入住房可用于推进球到参与锥形座椅，并大大密切的内部压力安全阀。

为了填补箱，单一的交付软管从运输罐连接到进/出口通过的耦合器和管道。蒸气压在运输罐造成低温液体运输罐流经软管，通过的耦合，通过管道，今日下一管道通过管道，进入内船只。由于低温流体上升内船只，蒸汽压力的增加，直到超过设定的安全压力安全阀。一旦设定点的安全泄压阀是超过指定数，蒸汽通过内部压力安全阀，通风管，到达排气口，和安全的压力溢流阀，其设置点的压力，下面的运输罐。因此，汽是发泄到大气中，而不是压缩以上的液体和创造背压足以抵消蒸气压在运输罐。随着天然气穿过住房的势头逃避气体导致钢球内上升对房屋座锥形。钢球和住房尺度这种势头的气体是不够的驱动钢球到参与圆锥席位。一旦液体二氧化碳上升到密封住