《计算机导论》实验报告 1、2

《计算机导论》实验报告第一学期系别：计算机科学与技术系班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：实验一Windows操作系统安装一、实验目的1．掌握硬盘的分区与格式化等操作。2．掌握windows操作系统的安装方法及步骤。3．熟悉VMware虚拟机软件的使用二、实验内容1．创建一个新的虚拟机环境作为后继实验平台。（1）双击桌面“MicrosoftVirtualPC”图标，打开VirtualPC虚拟机软件。（2）在VirtualPC菜单中选择“文件”—>“新建虚拟机向导”，进入“欢迎使用新建虚拟机向导”对话框，点击下一步，选择“新建一台虚拟机”，指定虚拟机的名称和位置，操作系统选择“WindowsXP”，使用推荐（或更改分配）内存大小，选择新建虚拟硬盘，指定名称和位置，创建完成。（3）运行虚拟机，在“CD（C）”菜单中载入ISO映像，指定一个有效的WindowsXP安装盘的镜像文件。2．在新建虚拟机中，使用PartitionMagic分区软件对硬盘进行合理的分区操作。（1）启动新建的WindowsXP虚拟机平台。（2）选择光盘启动菜单中的“PQ8-图形分区软件”选项，进入PartitionMagic分区软件。（3）将硬盘分为：主分区，在扩展分区中建立两个逻辑驱动器。具体步骤如下：①、先选定主磁盘C盘，选取FAT32格式进行格式化，再分配总存储空间的一半约30G给C盘，②再建立两个逻辑分割磁D盘和E盘，将余下的储存空间合理分配后再用FAT32格式进行格式化，③单击执行命令，执行上述操作。（结果如图）3．安装WindowsXP系统：（1）重新启动WindowsXP虚拟机平台后，选择光盘启动菜单中的“WINXPSP3精简安装版”选项，进入WindowsXP系统安装过程。（2）具体安装过程如下：①“WINXPSP3精简安装版”选项，按下ENTER键，进入WindowsXP系统安装过程，②等待约39分钟，让系统进行文件读取及安装；③安装完毕后，重启这台虚拟机即可。（结果如图）三、实验过程中遇到的问题及解决方法遇到的问题：①安装虚拟机时鼠标不能正常使用；②等待一段时间后，安装进程不变且停止解决方法：①由于虚拟机时鼠标不能正常使用，应用键盘进行操作，使用键盘操作后正行进行安装；②重新将数据复位即可。四、附：1、创建的WindowsXP虚拟机平台的截图。2、使用PartitionMagic分区软件对硬盘进行分区操作后的硬盘状态截图。3、WindowsXP系统安装完毕后首个桌面状态截图。.实验二Word2003文字处理软件一、实验目的1．掌握文档的输入与编辑、格式设置等操作。2．掌握表格的创建与编辑操作。3．掌握图文混排与公式的输入操作。二、实验内容1．输入文本（见实验指导书第88页），完成如下操作（1）文章标题设为宋体、小四号字、加粗和剧中。（2）正文中文设为楷体，英文设置过、英文设置为TimesNewRoman字体，五号字，段落首行缩进2字符，左右各缩进1字符。（3）段落的段前段后均为0行，1.5倍行距。（4）页面设置上下页边距为2cm，左右页边距为1.5cm，纸型为A4.（5）页眉内容设置为“前辈先哲”，宋体，五号，居中。（6）将文本中的“兔”字替换为“猫”。（7）编辑完成后，命名为“实验3.1.doc”，保存在“我的文档”中。2．创建如下表格（见实验指导书第89页），格式要求如下：（1）表的标题为宋体，小五号，黑体，居中。（2）表内文字为宋体，小五号，水平居中，垂直居中。（3）计算总成绩（考试成绩+平时成绩）。（4）表格外边框为1.5倍实线，内框为1磅实线，整个表格居中。3．制作如下文档（实验指导书第90页），格式说明如下：（1）艺术字标题为32号字体。（2）文字为五号楷体。（3）首字下沉3行，距正文0行。（4）图片环绕方式为“四周型”。三、实验过程中遇到的问题及解决方法遇到的问题：1.页眉中插入文字不成功；2.表格中总成绩计算错误；3.word操作中文字替换不成功；4.文字环绕方式设置不成功。解决方法：1.由于未选定位置，重新选定位置再插入；2.重新选区函数后计算正确；3.替换文字未输入，重新输入替换文字后替换成功；4.在编辑环境下待鼠标箭头呈十字架箭头时移动图片即可。四、附：实验文档打印

实验三Excel2003电子表格处理软件一、实验目的1．掌握Excel工作簿的建立与保存方法。2．掌握Excel中公式与函数的使用。3．掌握Excel中制作饼图的方法。4．掌握Excel中管理数据的方法。二、实验内容1．创建工作表（实验指导书第125页）2．制作饼图（见实验指导书第126页），要求如下：（1）图中文字部分设置为黑体、字形倾斜、12号字、颜色为红色。（2）图形边框为无色、背景为黄色、饼图全为绿色。（3）标题为“数计学院教师职称结构图”，显示名称和百分比。数据为：教授20%；副教授30%；讲师30%；助教20%。3．数据源如4.74所示（实验指导书第126页），并完成如下要求：（1）填充“总人数”。利用公式计算总人数：总人数=课容量-课余量。（2）填充“具体时间”。说明：“具体时间”填充时需要参考“日期”和“节次”，例如，“星期5，第3大节”的“具体时间”要表示成“53”，其余以此类推。（3）按照“具体时间”为主要关键字，“课程名称”为次要关键字全部降序排序（4）将“具体时间”为“71”的单元格背景改为红色。（5）将“具体时间”为“72”的单元格背景改为蓝色三、实验过程中遇到的问题及解决方法遇到的问题：①制作饼状图时，数据不能插入；②单元格背景设置不成功；③表格数据计算时，运用函数计算结果不正确解决方法：①由于未选中数据插入位置，重新选定位置在插入即可；②由于设置标颜色签选定错误，重新选定颜色再设置；③由于选取函数错误，重新正确选取函数即可。四、附：实验文档打印实验过程题目：Theareaofarectangleis

wh,where

w

and

h

arethelengthsofitssides.Notethatthemultiplicationoperationisnotshownexplicitlyinthisformula.Thisisstandardpracticeinmathematics,butnotinprogramming.WriteaPythonstatementthatcalculatesandprintstheareainsquareinchesofarectanglewithsidesoflength

4

and

7

inches.代码：print4*7运行结果：题目：Thecircumferenceofacircleis

2πr

where

r

istheradiusofthecircle.WriteaPythonstatementthatcalculatesandprintsthecircumferenceininchesofacirclewhoseradiusis

8

inches.Assumethattheconstant

π=3.14.代码：print2*3.14*8运行结果：题目：Theareaofacircleis

πr2

where

r

istheradiusofthecircle.(Theraised

2

intheformulaisanexponent.)WriteaPythonstatementthatcalculatesandprintstheareainsquareinchesofacirclewhoseradiusis

8

inches.Assumethattheconstant

π=3.14.代码：print3.14*8**2运行结果：题目：Given

p

dollars,thefuturevalueofthismoneywhencompoundedyearlyatarateof

r

percentinterestfor

y

yearsis

p(1+0.01r)y.WriteaPythonstatementthatcalculatesandprintsthevalueof

1000

dollarscompoundedat

7

percentinterestfor

10

years.代码：print1000*(1+0.01*7)**10或a=1c=1b=(1+0.01*7)p=1000whilea<=10:c=c*ba=a+1p=p*cprintp运行结果：题目：WriteasinglePythonstatementthatcombinesthethreestrings

"Mynameis",

"Joe"

and

"Warren"

(plusacoupleofothersmallstrings)intoonelargerstring

"MynameisJoeWarren."

andprintstheresult.代码：print"Mynameis"+"Joe"+""+"Warren"+"."运行结果：题目：WriteaPythonexpressionthatcombinesthestring

"JoeWarrenis52yearsold."

fromthestring

"JoeWarren"

andthenumber

52

andthenprintstheresult(Hint:Usethefunction

str

toconvertthenumberintoastring.)代码：print"JoeWarren"+"is"+str(52)+"yearsold."运行结果：题目：Thedistancebetweentwopoints

(x0,y0)

and

(x1,y1)

is

√(x0-x1)2+(y0-y1)2

代码：print((2-5)**2+(2-6)**2)**0.5或a=(2-5)*(2-5)+(2-6)*(2-6)printpow(a,0.5)运行结果：WriteaPythonfunction

is_lunchtime

thattakesasinputtheparameters

hour

(anintegerintherange

[1,12])and

is_am

(aBoolean“flag”thatrepresentswhetherthehourisbeforenoon).Thefunctionshouldreturn

True

whentheinputcorrespondsto11amor12pm(noon)and

Falseotherwise.Iftheproblemspecificationisunclear,lookatthetestcasesintheprovidedtemplate.Oursolutiondoesnotuseconditionalstatements.代码：defis_lunchtime(hour,is_am): """ Returnswhetherthegiventime,asrepresentedbythehour andis_am,islunchtime. """ return(hour==11andis_am)or(hour==12andnotis_am)deftest(hour,is_am): """Teststheis_lunchtimefunction.""" printhour, ifis_am: print"AM", else: print"PM", ifis_lunchtime(hour,is_am): print"islunchtime." else: print"isnotlunchtime."test(11,True)test(12,True)test(11,False)test(12,False)test(10,False)运行结果：WriteaPythonfunction

is_leap_year

thattakeasinputtheparameter

year

andreturns

True

if

year

(aninteger)isaleapyearaccordingtotheGregoriancalendarand

False

otherwise.TheWikipediaentryfor

leapyears

containsasimplealgorithmicrulefordeterminingwhetherayearisaleapyear.YourmaintaskwillbetotranslatethisruleintoPython.代码：defis_leap_year(year): """ ReturnswhetherthegivenGregorianyearisaleapyear. """ return((year%4)==0and((year%100)!=0or(year%400)==0))deftest(year): """Teststheis_leapyearfunction.""" ifis_leap_year(year): printyear,"isaleapyear." else: printyear,"isnotaleapyear."test(2000)test(1996)test(1800)test(2013)运行结果：WriteaPythonfunction

interval_intersect

thattakesparameters

a,

b,

c,and

d

andreturns

True

iftheintervals

[a,b]

and

[c,d]

intersectandFalse

otherwise.Whilethistestmayseemtricky,thesolutionisactuallyverysimpleandconsistsofonelineofPythoncode.(Youmayassumethat

a≤b

and

c≤d.)代码：definterval_intersect(a,b,c,d):"""Returnswhethertheintervals[a,b]and[c,d]intersect."""return(c<=b)and(a<=d)deftest(a,b,c,d):"""Teststheinterval_intersectfunction."""print"Intervals["+str(a)+","+str(b)+"]and["+str(c)+","+str(d)+"]",ifinterval_intersect(a,b,c,d):print"intersect."else:print"donotintersect."test(0,1,1,2)test(1,2,0,1)test(0,1,2,3)test(2,3,0,1)test(0,3,1,2)运行结果：WriteaPythonfunction

name_and_age

thattakeasinputtheparameters

name

(astring)and

age

(anumber)andreturnsastringoftheform

"%is%yearsold."

wherethepercentsarethestringformsof

name

and

age.Thefunctionshouldincludeanerrorcheckforthecasewhen

age

islessthanzero.Inthiscase,thefunctionshouldreturnthestring

"Error:Invalidage".代码：defname_and_age(name,age): """Returnsastringstatingtheperson'sage.""" ifage>=0: returnname+"is"+str(age)+"yearsold." else: return"Error:Invalidage"deftest(name,age): """Teststhename_and_agefunction.""" printname_and_age(name,age) test("JoeWarren",52)test("ScottRixner",40)test("JohnGreiner",-46)运行结果：WriteaPythonfunction

print_digits

thattakesaninteger

number

intherange

[0,100)

andprintsthemessage

"Thetensdigitis%andtheonesdigitsis%"

wherethepercentsshouldbereplacedwiththeappropriatevalues.Thefunctionshouldincludeanerrorcheckforthecasewhend

isnegativeorgreaterthanorequalto

100.Inthosecases,thefunctionshouldinsteadprint

"Error:Inputisnotatwo-digitnumber.".代码：defprint_digits(number): """Printsthetensandonesdigitofanintegerin[0,100).""" if0<=number<100: print"Thetensdigitis"+str(number//10)+",", print"andtheonesdigitis"+str(number%10)+"." else: print"Error:Inputisnotatwo-digitnumber." print_digits(42)print_digits(99)print_digits(5)print_digits(459)运行结果：WriteaPythonfunction

name_lookup

thattakesastring

first_name

thatcorrespondstooneof("Joe",

"Scott",

"John"

or

"Stephen")andthenreturnstheircorrespondinglastname("Warren",

"Rixner",

"Greiner"

or

"Wong").If

first_name

doesn'tmatchanyofthosestrings,returnthestring

"Error:Notaninstructor".代码：defname_lookup(first_name): """Returnstheinstructor'slastname.""" iffirst_name=="Joe": return"Warren" eliffirst_name=="Scott": return"Rixner" eliffirst_name=="John": return"Greiner" eliffirst_name=="Stephen": return"Wong" else: return"Error:Notaninstructor"deftest(first_name): """Teststhename_lookupfunction.""" printname_lookup(first_name) test("Joe")test("Scott")test("John")test("Stephen")test("Mary")运行结果：PigLatin

isalanguagegamethatinvolvesalteringwordsviaasimplesetofrules.WriteaPythonfunction

pig_latin

thattakesastring

word

andappliesthefollowingrulestogenerateanewwordinPigLatin.Ifthefirstletterin

word

isaconsonant,appendtheconsonantplus

"ay"

totheendoftheremainderoftheword.Forexample,

pig_latin("pig")wouldreturn

"igpay".Ifthefirstletterin

word

isavowel,append

"way"

totheendoftheword.Forexample,

pig_latin("owl")

returns

"owlway".Youcanassumethat

word

isinlowercase.Theprovidedtemplateincludescodetoextractthefirstletterandtherestof

word

inPython.Notethat,infullPigLatin,theleadingconsonantclusterismovedtotheendoftheword.However,wedon'tknowenoughPythontoimplementfullPigLatinjustyet.代码：defpig_latin(word): """Returnsthe(simplified)PigLatinversionoftheword.""" first_letter=word[0] rest_of_word=word[1:] #Studentshouldcompletefunctiononthenextlines. if(first_letter=="a"orfirst_letter=="e"orfirst_letter=="i"or first_letter=="o"orfirst_letter=="u"): returnword+"way" else: returnrest_of_word+first_letter+"ay"deftest(word): """Teststhepig_latinfunction.""" printpig_latin(word) test("pig")test("owl")test("python")运行结果：Challenge:

Givennumbers

a,

b,and

c,the

quadraticequation

ax2+bx+c=0

canhavezero,oneortworealsolutions(i.e;valuesfor

x

thatsatisfytheequation).The

quadraticformulax=−b±b2−4ac√2acanbeusedtocomputethesesolutions.Theexpression

b2−4ac

isthe

discriminant

associatedwiththeequation.Ifthediscriminantispositive,theequationhastwosolutions.Ifthediscriminantiszero,theequationhasonesolution.Finally,ifthediscriminantisnegative,theequationhasnosolutions.WriteaPythonfunction

smaller_root

thattakesaninputthenumbers

a,

b

and

c

andreturnsthesmallersolutiontothisequationifoneexists.Iftheequationhasnorealsolution,printthemessage

"Error:Norealsolutions"

andsimplyreturn.Notethat,inthiscase,thefunctionwillactuallyreturnthespecialPythonvalue

None.代码：defsmaller_root(a,b,c):"""Returnsthesmallerrootofaquadraticequationwiththegivencoefficients."""discriminant=b**2-4*a*cifdiscriminant<0ora==0:print"Error:Norealsolutions"else:discriminant_sqrt=discriminant**0.5#Choosethepositiveornegativesquarerootthatleadstoasmallerroot.ifa>0:smaller=-discriminant_sqrtelse:smaller=discriminant_sqrtreturn(-b+smaller)/(2*a)deftest(a,b,c):"""Teststhesmaller_rootfunction."""print"Thesmallerrootof"+str(a)+"x^2+"+str(b)+"x+"+str(c)+"is:"printstr(smaller_root(a,b,c))test(1,2,3)test(2,0,-10)test(6,-3,5)运行结果：计算1+2+3+。。。+100代码：sum=0i=1whilei<=100:sum=sum+ii=i+1printsum运行结果：计算1*2*3*4*5*。。。n代码：p=1i=1n=int(raw_input('Enteraninteger:'))whilei<=n:p=p*ii=i+1printp运行结果：计算任意个整数之和代码：s=0i=1n=int(raw_input('Enteraninteger:'))whilei<=n:x=int(raw_input('Enteraninteger:'))s=s+xi=i+1prints运行结果：实验体会需要注意哪些细节？你在实验中有哪些问题未解决？结论：自我评价：签名：日期：实验过程题目：Theareaofarectangleis

wh,where

w

and

h

arethelengthsofitssides.Notethatthemultiplicationoperationisnotshownexplicitlyinthisformula.Thisisstandardpracticeinmathematics,butnotinprogramming.WriteaPythonstatementthatcalculatesandprintstheareainsquareinchesofarectanglewithsidesoflength

4

and

7

inches.代码：运行结果：题目：Thecircumferenceofacircleis

2πr

where

r

istheradiusofthecircle.WriteaPythonstatementthatcalculatesandprintsthecircumferenceininchesofacirclewhoseradiusis

8

inches.Assumethattheconstant

π=3.14.代码：运行结果：题目：Theareaofacircleis

πr2

where

r

istheradiusofthecircle.(Theraised

2

intheformulaisanexponent.)WriteaPythonstatementthatcalculatesandprintstheareainsquareinchesofacirclewhoseradiusis

8

inches.Assumethattheconstant

π=3.14.代码：运行结果：题目：Given

p

dollars,thefuturevalueofthismoneywhencompoundedyearlyatarateof

r

percentinterestfor

y

yearsis

p(1+0.01r)y.WriteaPythonstatementthatcalculatesandprintsthevalueof

1000

dollarscompoundedat

7

percentinterestfor

10

years.代码：运行结果：题目：WriteasinglePythonstatementthatcombinesthethreestrings

"Mynameis",

"Joe"

and

"Warren"

(plusacoupleofothersmallstrings)intoonelargerstring

"MynameisJoeWarren."

andprintstheresult.代码：运行结果：题目：WriteaPythonexpressionthatcombinesthestring

"JoeWarrenis52yearsold."

fromthestring

"JoeWarren"

andthenumber

52

andthenprintstheresult(Hint:Usethefunction

str

toconvertthenumberintoastring.)代码：运行结果：题目：Thedistancebetweentwopoints

(x0,y0)

and

(x1,y1)

is

√(x0-x1)2+(y0-y1)2

代码：运行结果：WriteaPythonfunction

is_lunchtime

thattakesasinputtheparameters

hour

(anintegerintherange

[1,12])and

is_am

(aBoolean“flag”thatrepresentswhetherthehourisbeforenoon).Thefunctionshouldreturn

True

whentheinputcorrespondsto11amor12pm(noon)and

Falseotherwise.Iftheproblemspecificationisunclear,lookatthetestcasesintheprovidedtemplate.Oursolutiondoesnotuseconditionalstatements.代码：运行结果：WriteaPythonfunction

is_leap_year

thattakeasinputtheparameter

year

andreturns

True

if

year

(aninteger)isaleapyearaccordingtotheGregoriancalendarand

False

otherwise.TheWikipediaentryfor

leapyears

containsasimplealgorithmicrulefordeterminingwhetherayearisaleapyear.YourmaintaskwillbetotranslatethisruleintoPython.代码：运行结果：WriteaPythonfunction

interval_intersect

thattakesparameters

a,

b,

c,and

d

andreturns

True

iftheintervals

[a,b]

and

[c,d]

intersectandFalse

otherwise.Whilethistestmayseemtricky,thesolutionisactuallyverysimpleandconsistsofonelineofPythoncode.(Youmayassumethat

a≤b

and

c≤d.)代码：运行结果：WriteaPythonfunction

name_and_age

thattakeasinputtheparameters

name

(astring)and

age

(anumber)andreturnsastringoftheform

"%is%yearsold."

wherethepercentsarethestringformsof

name

and

age.Thefunctionshouldincludeanerrorcheckforthecasewhen

age

islessthanzero.Inthiscase,thefunctionshouldreturnthestring

"Error:Invalidage".代码：运行结果：WriteaPythonfunction

print_digits

thattakesaninteger

number

intherange

[0,100)

andprintsthemessage

"Thetensdigitis%andtheonesdigitsis%"

wherethepercentsshouldbereplacedwiththeappropriatevalues.Thefunctionshouldincludeanerrorcheckforthecasewhend

isnegativeorgreaterthanorequalto

100.Inthosecases,thefunctionshouldinsteadprint

"Error:Inputisnotatwo-digitnumber.".代码：运行结果：WriteaPythonfunction

name_lookup

thattakesastring

first_name

thatcorrespondstooneof("Joe",

"Scott",

"John"

or

"Stephen")andthenreturnstheircorrespondinglastname("Warren",

"Rixner",

"Greiner"

or

"Wong").If

first_name

doesn'tmatchanyofthosestrings,re