2026年人教版高中英语第5单元语法练习题及答案

2026年人教版高中英语第5单元语法练习题及答案第1页共1页2026年人教版高中英语第5单元语法练习题及答案一、单项选择题（共10小题，每题2分）（每小题只有一个选项符合题意，请把正确选项的字母填在题后括号内）1.Themanagersuggestedthatthereport(shouldbe)finishedbyFriday.A.beB.isC.wasD.are参考答案：A2.IfIwereyou,Iwouldapologizeimmediately.A.amB.wasC.wereD.willbe参考答案：C3.Theteacherrecommendedthatwe(should)studyharderfortheexam.A.studyB.studiedC.studiesD.shouldstudy参考答案：A4.Bythetimetheyarrivedatthestation,thetrain(hadalreadyleft).A.hasleftB.hadleftC.leftD.hasbeenleft参考答案：B5.Thearticlesuggeststhatwe(should)takemoreexercisetostayhealthy.A.takeB.tookC.takesD.shouldtake参考答案：A6.Theboywho(is)sittingnexttomeismybestfriend.A.sitB.sitsC.issittingD.hassat参考答案：B7.Sherecommendedthatwe(should)buyanewcar.A.buyB.boughtC.buysD.shouldbuy参考答案：A8.Bythetimetheyfinishedtheproject,they(hadworked)fortenhours.A.workB.workedC.haveworkedD.hadworked参考答案：D9.Thegirlwho(is)wearingareddressismysister.A.wearB.wearsC.iswearingD.hasworn参考答案：C10.Themanagersuggestedthatthemeeting(should)startat9a.m.A.startB.startsC.startedD.shouldstart参考答案：A二、填空题（共10小题，每题2分）（请把正确答案直接填写在题中横线上，填写不完整的不得分）1.Theboy_______isplayingfootballontheplaygroundismybrother.参考答案：who2.IfI_______you,Iwouldstudyharderfortheexam.参考答案：were3.Thisbook_______Iborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting.参考答案：that4.Sheisinterestedin_______shereadsinhersparetime.参考答案：what5.Theteacheraskedthestudents_______theyhadfinishedtheirhomework.参考答案：whether6._______itrainstomorrow,wewillhavetocancelthepicnic.参考答案：If7.Thegirl_______livesnextdoorismybestfriend.参考答案：who8.Heislookingforajob_______hecanearnmoremoney.参考答案：where9.Theman_______Ispoketoyesterdayisafamouswriter.参考答案：whom10.IfI_______amilliondollars,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.参考答案：won三、判断题（共10小题，每题2分）（正确的打“√”，错误的打“×”，把判断符号填在题后括号内）1.Therelativeclausecanbeusedtomodifyanounorapronoun.参考答案：√2.Inthesentence"ThebookthatIboughtisveryinteresting,""that"isarelativepronoun.参考答案：√3.Whenusingthepresentperfecttense,wealwaysuse"have"or"has"beforethepastparticiple.参考答案：√4.Thepastperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthathappenedbeforeanotheractioninthepast.参考答案：√5.Inthesentence"Ifithadrainedyesterday,wewouldhavegonetothepark,"theverbtenseusediscorrect.参考答案：√6.Thestructure"subject+verb+object"istheonlywaytoformasentenceinEnglish.参考答案：×7.Theadverb"very"canmodifyadjectivesandadverbs.参考答案：√8.Thesentence"Heistallerthanme"isgrammaticallycorrect.参考答案：√9.Thepassivevoiceisusedwhenthesubjectofthesentenceisthereceiveroftheaction.参考答案：√10.Thefutureperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthatwillbecompletedbeforeaspecifictimeinthefuture.参考答案：√四、简答题（共8小题，每题2分）（请分点作答，语言简明、要点齐全，写在对应题目下方的横线上）1.Whatisthestructureofthesimplepresenttense?参考答案：ThesimplepresenttenseconsistsofthebaseformoftheverbforI,you,we,they,andthethird-personsingularformoftheverbforhe,she,it.2.Howdoyouusethepresentcontinuoustensetodescribeanactionhappeningrightnow?参考答案：Thepresentcontinuoustenseisformedbyusingthepresenttenseof"tobe"plusthe-ingformofthemainverb.Forexample,"Iamreadingabook."3.Explainthedifferencebetween"can"and"may"inEnglish.参考答案："Can"isusedtoexpressabilityorpermission,while"may"isusedtoexpresspossibilityorpermissioninmorepolitesituations.Forexample,"Icanswim."vs."Imaygototheparty."4.Inwhatsituationsdoyouusethefuturesimpletense?参考答案：Thefuturesimpletenseisusedtotalkaboutfuturefacts,predictions,ordecisionsmadenow.Forexample,"Itwillraintomorrow."5.Describetheusageofthepastperfecttensewithanexamplesentence.参考答案：Thepastperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthathappenedbeforeanotherpastaction.Forexample,"Hehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforehewenttobed."6.Howdoyouformthepresentperfectcontinuoustense?参考答案：Thepresentperfectcontinuoustenseisformedbyusingthepresentperfecttenseof"tobe"plusthe-ingformofthemainverb.Forexample,"Shehasbeenstudyingfortwohours."7.Whatisthefunctionofthemodalverb"must"?参考答案："Must"isusedtoexpressstrongnecessityorobligation.Forexample,"Youmustfinishyourhomework."8.Explainhowtousethesecondconditionalcorrectly.参考答案：Thesecondconditionalisusedtotalkabouthypotheticalsituationsinthepresentorfutureandtheirpossibleresults.Forexample,"IfIhadmoremoney,Iwouldbuyacar."五、应用题（共8小题，每题3分）（请写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤，只写最后结果不得分）1.Acityisplanningtoimproveitspublictransportationsystem.Theyareconsideringtwooptions:introducingelectricbusesorexpandingthesubwaynetwork.Thecitycouncilneedstodecidewhichoptionismorecost-effectiveinthelongrun.Theelectricbuseswouldcost5millionupfrontand100,000peryeartomaintain.Thesubwayexpansionwouldcost20millionupfrontand500,000peryeartomaintain.Assumingbothoptionsprovidesimilarlevelsofservice,whichoptionismorecost-effectiveinthelongrun?Explainyourreasoning.参考答案：Introducingelectricbusesismorecost-effectiveinthelongrun.2.Acompanyisdecidingwhethertoinvestinnewtechnologytoimproveitsproductionefficiency.Thenewtechnologywouldcost1millionupfrontandincreaseannualprofitsby200,000.Thecompany'scurrentannualprofitsare1million.Whatisthepaybackperiodforthisinvestment?Explainyourcalculation.参考答案：Thepaybackperiodforthisinvestmentis5years.3.Aschoolisplanningtoorganizeacharityeventtoraisefundsforlocalhomelessshelters.Theeventrequiresrentingavenue,hiringstaff,andpurchasingsupplies.Thevenuerentalcosts2,000foraday,staffcosts1,000,andsuppliescost500.Iftheschoolexpectstosell500ticketsat10each,willtheymakeaprofitoraloss?Calculatetheexpectedprofitorloss.参考答案：Theschoolwillmakeaprofitof5,000.4.Afarmerisdecidingwhethertoplantcornorsoybeansonhisland.Thecornwouldyield150bushelsperacreandsellfor4perbushel.Thesoybeanswouldyield100bushelsperacreandsellfor6perbushel.Thefarmerhas200acresofland.Whichcropwouldbringinmorerevenue?Calculatethetotalrevenueforeachcrop.参考答案：Plantingsoybeanswouldbringinmorerevenue.5.Acompanyisplanningtolaunchanewproduct.Theproductdevelopmentcosts500,000,andthemarketingcostsareexpectedtobe200,000.Thecompanypredictsthattheproductwillsellfor50perunit.Iftheyplantoproduceandsell10,000units,whatisthebreak-evenpoint?Explainyourcalculation.参考答案：Thebreak-evenpointis20,000units.6.Aschoolisorganizingafieldtriptoasciencemuseum.Themuseumcharges5perstudentforadmissionand2perstudentfortransportation.Theschoolhas200studentsandwantstoallocate1,000forthetrip.Howmanystudentscanattendthetripiftheschoolwantstousetheentirebudget?Explainyourcalculation.参考答案：150studentscanattendthetrip.7.Acompanyisconsideringtwodifferentadvertisingstrategies.Thefirststrategyinvolvesspending10,000onsocialmediaads,whichareexpectedtogenerate500leadsatacostof20perlead.Thesecondstrategyinvolvesspending5,000onprintads,whichareexpectedtogenerate300leadsatacostof15perlead.Whichstrategyismorecost-effectiveintermsofleadgeneration?Explainyourcalculation.参考答案：Thesocialmediaadsstrategyismorecost-effectiveintermsofleadgeneration.8.Aschoolisplanningtobuynewcomputersforitsclassrooms.Thecomputerscost1,000each,andtheschoolhas10classrooms.Theschoolalsoneedstopurchasesoftwareforeachcomputer,whichcosts100percomputer.Iftheschoolhasabudgetof15,000,cantheyaffordtobuynewcomputersforalltheirclassroomsandthenecessarysoftware?Explainyourcalculation.参考答案：Yes,theschoolcanaffordtobuynewcomputersforalltheirclassroomsandthenecessarysoftware.标准答案与解析一、单项选择题1.参考答案：A解析：本题考查虚拟语气。在suggest等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用should+动词原形，should可以省略。故选A。2.参考答案：C解析：本题考查虚拟语气。在if条件状语从句中，表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句的谓语动词要用过去式。故选C。3.参考答案：A解析：本题考查虚拟语气。在recommend等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用should+动词原形，should可以省略。故选A。4.参考答案：B解析：本题考查时态。Bythetime引导的时间状语从句中，主句要用过去完成时，从句要用一般过去时。故选B。5.参考答案：A解析：本题考查虚拟语气。在suggest等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用should+动词原形，should可以省略。故选A。6.参考答案：B解析：本题考查时态。Theboywhoissittingnexttome是一个完整的句子，谓语动词要用一般现在时。故选B。7.参考答案：A解析：本题考查虚拟语气。在recommend等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用should+动词原形，should可以省略。故选A。8.参考答案：D解析：本题考查时态。Bythetime引导的时间状语从句中，主句要用过去完成时，从句要用一般过去时。故选D。9.参考答案：C解析：本题考查时态。Thegirlwhoiswearingareddress是一个完整的句子，谓语动词要用一般现在时。故选C。10.参考答案：A解析：本题考查虚拟语气。在suggest等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用should+动词原形，should可以省略。故选A。二、填空题1.参考答案：who解析：本题考查定语从句的用法。先行词是boy，在从句中作主语，所以用who引导。2.参考答案：were解析：本题考查虚拟语气。与现在事实相反的假设，从句用一般过去时。3.参考答案：that解析：本题考查定语从句的用法。先行词是book，在从句中作主语，所以用that引导。4.参考答案：what解析：本题考查宾语从句的用法。空格处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，所以用what引导。5.参考答案：whether解析：本题考查宾语从句的用法。空格处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，所以用whether引导。6.参考答案：If解析：本题考查条件状语从句的用法。空格处引导条件状语从句，所以用If引导。7.参考答案：who解析：本题考查定语从句的用法。先行词是girl，在从句中作主语，所以用who引导。8.参考答案：where解析：本题考查定语从句的用法。先行词是job，在从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导。9.参考答案：whom解析：本题考查定语从句的用法。先行词是man，在从句中作宾语，所以用whom引导。10.参考答案：won解析：本题考查虚拟语气。与现在事实相反的假设，从句用一般过去时。三、判断题1.参考答案：√解析：本题考查〈定语从句的用法〉。定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句，在句中起到限定、说明或补充说明名词或代词的作用。题干表述正确。2.参考答案：√解析：本题考查〈关系代词的用法〉。在定语从句中，关系代词可以指代先行词并在从句中充当主语或宾语。题干中的"that"指代"Thebook"并在从句中作主语，用法正确。3.参考答案：√解析：本题考查〈现在完成时的构成〉。现在完成时由"have"或"has"+过去分词构成，用于描述过去发生的动作对现在的影响或状态。题干表述正确。4.参考答案：√解析：本题考查〈过去完成时的用法〉。过去完成时用于描述在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，常与"before"或"after"等时间状语连用。题干表述正确。5.参考答案：√解析：本题考查〈虚拟语气用法〉。在表示与过去事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句使用过去完成时，主句使用"wouldhave"+过去分词。题干表述正确。6.参考答案：×解析：本题考查〈英语句子结构〉。英语句子结构不仅限于"subject+verb+object"的主谓宾结构，还有主系表结构、主谓双宾结构、宾语从句、状语从句等多种结构。题干表述错误。7.参考答案：√解析：本题考查〈副词的修饰功能〉。副词"very"可以用来修饰形容词和副词，表示程度。题干表述正确。8.参考答案：√解析：本题考查〈比较级用法〉。在比较级结构中，当比较对象是代词时，通常使用"thanme"或"thanhim"等形式。题干表述正确。9.参考答案：√解析：本题考查〈被动语态的用法〉。被动语态用于强调动作的承受者而非执行者，常用于不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的情况。题干表述正确。10.参考答案：√解析：本题考查〈将来完成时的用法〉。将来完成时用于描述在将来某一时间点之前将完成的动作，常与"by"或"before"等时间状语连用。题干表述正确。四、简答题1.参考答案：ThesimplepresenttenseconsistsofthebaseformoftheverbforI,you,we,they,andthethird-personsingularformoftheverbforhe,she,it.解析：本题考查《2026年人教版高中英语第5单元语法练习题及答案》中“简单现在时结构”知识点。简单现在时的构成包括：主语为I,you,we,they时，动词用原形；主语为he,she,it时，动词加-s或-es。解析中点明了该时态的构成规则，并给出了具体例证。2.参考答案：Thepresentcontinuoustenseisformedbyusingthepresenttenseof"tobe"plusthe-ingformofthemainverb.Forexample,"Iamreadingabook."解析：本题考查《2026年人教版高中英语第5单元语法练习题及答案》中“现在进行时构成”知识点。现在进行时由“be动词”的现在式+动词的-ing形式构成。解析中给出了构成方法和例句，符合高中英语语法教学要求。3.参考答案："Can"isusedtoexpressabilityorpermission,while"may"isusedtoexpresspossibilityorpermissioninmorepolitesituations.Forexample,"Icanswim."vs."Imaygototheparty."解析：本题考查《2026年人教版高中英语第5单元语法练习题及答案》中“can与may用法区别”知识点。can表示能力或允许，may表示可能性或更礼貌的允许。解析中通过例句对比了两个词的用法差异，点明了其适用场景。4.参考答案：Thefuturesimpletenseisusedtotalkaboutfuturefacts,predictions,ordecisionsmadenow.Forexample,"Itwillraintomorrow."解析：本题考查《2026年人教版高中英语第5单元语法练习题及答案》中“一般将来时用法”知识点。一般将来时用于表达未来事实、预测或现在做出的决定。解析中给出了该时态的典型用法场景和例句。5.参考答案：Thepastperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthathappenedbeforeanotherpastaction.Forexample,"Hehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforehewenttobed."解析：本题考查《2026年人教版高中英语第5单元语法练习题及答案》中“过去完成时用法”知识点。过去完成时表示在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作。解析中通过例句说明了其用法，并点明了其时间状语特征。6.参考答案：Thepresentperfectcontinuoustenseisformedbyusingthepresentperfecttenseof"tobe"plusthe-ingformofthemainverb.Forexample,"Shehasbeenstudyingfortwohours."解析：本题考查《2026年人教版高中英语第5单元语法练习题及答案》中“现在完成进行时构成”知识点。现在完成进行时由“be动词”的现在完成式+动词的-ing形式构成。解析中给出了构成方法和例句。7.参考答案："Must"isusedtoexpressstrongnecessityorobligation.Forexample,"Youmustfinishyourhomework."解析：本题考查《2026年人教版高中英语第5单元语法练习题及答案》中“must用法”知识点。must表示强烈的必要性或义务。解析中给出了该情态动词的典型用法场景和例句。8.参考答案：Thesecondconditionalisusedtotalkabouthypotheticalsituationsinthepresentorfutureandtheirpossibleresults.Forexample,"IfIhadmoremoney,Iwouldbuyacar."解析：本题考查《2026年人教版高中英语第5单元语法练习题及答案》中“第二条件句用法”知识点。第二条件句用于表达现在或未来的假设情况及其可能结果。解析中给出了该条件句的构成和典型用法场景。五、应用题1.参考答案：Introducingelectricbusesismorecost-effectiveinthelongrun.解析：本题考查“成本效益分析”。首先，计算两种选项的总成本。电车的总成本为5million+100,000×n年，其中n为年数。地铁的总成本为20million+500,000×n年。为了比较两种选项的长期成本效益，我们需要比较它们的总成本。由于电车的维护成本每年较低，因此长期来看，电车的总成本会低于地铁的总成本。因此，引入电车是更经济的选择。2.参考答案：Thepaybackperiodforthisinvestmentis5years.解析：本题考查“投资回报期计算”。投资回报期是指收回投资成本所需的时间。首先，计算投资的净现值（NPV）。NPV=-初始投资+年利润×年金现值系数。由于年利润增加200,000，因此NPV=-1,000,000+200,000×年金现值系数。假设贴现率为0（即不考虑时间价值），年金现值系数为5（因为200,000×5=1,000,000）。因此，投资回报期为5年。3.参考答案：Theschoolwillmakeaprofitof5,000.解析：本题考查“成本与收入分析”。首先，计算总成本。总成本=场地租金+工资+供应成本=2,000