托福听力tpo66section1 对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文

托福听力tpo66sectionl对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文

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Conversation1

原文

Student:Howwasthatconferencelastweekend?ProfessorMiles.

Professor:Great.Iheardsomereallyterrificpresentations,refreshingtopicstoo.

Aboutallthese,youdon'tusuallyheartoomuchabout.

Student:whynot?

Professor:Oh,it'safunnythingaboutacademia.Itthinksscholarswoulddoresearch

abouteverytopicimaginable.Butactually,someauthors,somegenresaren't

respectiveverymuch.Sonotverymuchiswrittenthem...gothicliterature,detective

novels.

Student:Butthat'swhattheconferencewasabout?

Professor:Yeah,prettymuch.Itwaskindofsubversive,Iguess.Butthere'sawhole

wealthofknowledgeouttherejustwaitingtobeexplored.Ifindthatreallyexciting.

Student:Sure.

Professor:Yeah.Anyway,youwantedtoaskmeaboutthefinalpaper?

Student:Yeah,whichIseenowtiesintothethemeofthatconference,sincewe're

supposedtowriteaboutabookfromoneofthoselessergenres.Iwaswondering

whataboutsciencefiction?

Professor:Sure.Thoughit'sagenrethat'sactuallygettingmoreandmorerespect

withinacademia.TherewasevenatalkattheconferenceaboutJackVance.

Student:Hewroteplanetofadventure,right?

Professor:Yeah.He'sawell-researchedrespectedsciencefictionwriter.Ifyou're

interestedinsciencefiction,youcouldlookthemup.Thatleadsyoutolotsofother

authorsandlotsofpossibilitiesforyourpaper.

Student:Great.I'mrelievedyouthinkthat,that'sagoodgenretostudy.I'llfinda

bookthatinterestsmeanddothepaperonthat.Itseemslikemostpeopleassume

thatsciencefictioniskindoflike,Idon'tknow,junklitpraturp.

Professor:Yes,alotofpeopledo.

Student:Yeah,butI'vereadsomethingsandIthinkthatsomeofitisreallywell

writtenandittakessomuchimaginationtowriteSCI-Fi.

Professor:Well,careful,though,thereisadifferencebetweensciencefictionand

Scifi.

Student:Whatdoyoumean?

Professor:SCIfi,that'swhatyoutendtoseeinfilms.Ithasallthespaceshipsand

robots,anditfocusesonexotictechnologyyouknowfactorlikespecialeffects,atthe

expenseofawellwrittenstory.Ithinkalotofpeopledon'trealizethisandtendnot

tomakeadistinction.

Student:Okay.Professor:Buttruesciencefictionismuchmoreintellectualthanthat.

Thestoryisveryimportant,andeventhoughitmighttakeplaceinanimaginary

world,itmighthaveexoticgadgets.Thefocusisontheplot.Sciencefictioncreates

metaphorsaboutourworld.Andwellwhatitmeanstobehuman.It'smeanttoget

peopletothinkaboutrealthingslikehistoryandhumanbehavior.That'sworthyof

yourtime,butnotSCIfi.

Student:Great.Well.CanIletyouknownextweekwhichbookIwantwriteabout?

Professor:Sure.

题目

l.Whydoesthemangotoseetheprofessor?

A.Tofindoutwhattheassignmentisforthefinalpaper

B.Todiscussaconferencethattheprofessorattended

C.TDgetatopicareaapprovedforaclassassignment

D.Tofindoutthedifferencebetweensciencefictionandsci-fi

2.Whatwasunusualabouttheconferencethattheprofessorattended?

A.Itincludedpresentationsbymanyscholarswhowerenotwellknowntothe

professor.

B.Itincludedpresentationsbystudents.

C.Itfocusedonauthorswhoarerespectedbymostscholars.

D.Itfocusedmostlyonlesspopularliterarygenres.

3.WhydoestheprofessormentionJackVance?[Clickon2answers.]

A.ToencouragethemantowriteapaperaboutPlanetofAdventure

B.Tosupportherpointthatsomeauthorsshouldberesearchedmore

C.Toindicateawayforthemantobeginlookingforasuitabletopic

D.Todemonstratethatsciencefictionisgainingattentionfromscholars

4.Whatistheman'sattitudetowardsciencefiction?

A.Heisconfidentthatitwillbecomemorerespected.

B.Hedisagreeswithacommonlyheldopinionaboutit.

C.Heunderstandswhyitisnotwellrespected.

D.Heisimpressedthatitincludesexotictechnology.

5.Accordingtotheprofessorwhatisakeydifferencebetweensci-fiandscience

fiction?

A.Sci-fiisintellectuallymorechallengingthanmostsciencefiction.

B.Sciencefictionstoriesareoftenmadeintofilms.

C.Sciencefictionplacesmoreimportanceonplotthansci-fidoes.

D.Sciencefictionmakeslittleuseofexotictechnology.

答案

CDCDBC

译文

1.学生：上周末的会议如何，Miles教授？

2.教授：很好，我听到了很多非常精彩的演讲，以及令人耳目一新的话题，而

且这些话题平时都没机会听到。

3.学生：为什么？

4.教授：这就是学术界很有意思的一个方面。学术界认为学者们会对所有能想

到的话题进行研究。

5.但实际上，有些作家，有些体裁并不是令人赞扬的，所以没有多少人写过它

们，比如哥特文学,侦探小说。

6.学生：但是这次会议是关注这个的？

7.教授：差不多。我觉得这有点颠覆性。但还有大量的知识等着我们去探索。

我觉得这很令人兴奋。

8.学生：当然。

9.教授：其实，你本来是想问问我期末论文的事情吧？

10.学生：是的，我现在认为这与那次会议的主题有关，既然我们要写的是一本

不那么重要题材。我在想，科幻小说如何？

11.教授：当然。尽管这种体裁在学术界得到越来越多尊重。

12.会议上甚至有一个关于杰克・万斯的演讲。

13.学生：他写了《冒险星球》对吧？

14.教授：是的。他是一位涉猎广泛、受人尊敬的科幻小说作家。如果你对科幻

小说感兴趣，你可以查一下。

15.这会让你找到很多其他作者，为你的论文提供很多可能性。

16.学生：太好了。我很欣慰你认为这是一个值得研究的流派。我要找一本我感

兴趣的书，然后就此写一篇论文。

17.似乎大多数人都认为科幻小说是一种，我不知道，垃圾文学。

18.教授：是的，很多人这么认为。

19.学生：嗯，不过我读过一些东西，我认为有些真的写得很好，写纯科幻需要

很多想象力。

20.教授：小心你的用词，科幻小说和纯科幻是不一样的。

21.学生：你是什么意思？

22.教授：纯科幻，是你在电影中看到的那种。它有所有的宇宙飞船和机器人，

它聚焦于奇异的技术，你知道的这个因素，比如特效，而为了特效的精彩会

牺牲一个好的故事。

23.我想很多人都没有意识到这一点，因此没有对两者做出区分。

24.学生：好的。

25.教授：但真讦的科幻小说远不11•这些，比这要高级多了。

26.故事是非常重要的，即使它发生在一个想象的世界，它也可能有奇异的小玩

意。但关注点是在故事情节。

27.科幻小说创造了关于我们世界的隐喻。以及作为人类意味着什么。

28.它的目的是让人们思考真实的事情，比如历史和人类行为。这值得你花时间

研究的，但不是简单的纯科幻。

29.学生：好的，我能下周告诉你我想写哪本书吗？

30.教授:好的。

Lecturel

原文

Professor:OK,today,Iwanttotalkaboutsleep.Weallsleep.Humansleep,many

animalsleep.Whenwesleep,wearen'tactuallyunconscious,butinastateof

reducedawarenessofoursurroundings.Now,whatdoesthatmeanforanimalsin

thewild,iftheyareinastatelikethat?Unabletomonitortheirenvironment?

MaleStudent:Well,they'rehelpless,vulnerabletopredators,maybe.

Professor:Right.Theyarevulnerabletopredators.Yeah,theysleep.Solet'stalk

aboutwhy,thebiologyofsleep.SothefirstthingIwantyoutounderstandisthat

sleepsaveryriskybehavicr.Andriskydon'tevolveunlesstheybringtheanimals

somekindofbenefitthatoutweighsthatrisk.Sosleepmusthaveareallyimportant

function.AndIwanttoemphasizethatthereisadifferencebetweensleepandother

formsofinactivity,likeregularrest.

Theinsects,forinstance,rest.Buttheydon'tsleep.Wha:'sspecifictosleepisthat

thebrainaltersmanyofitsusualactivities,includingitsconnectiontosensoryand

motororgans,itshutsthoseconnectionsdown.Soasleepinganimalcanusually

neithersensenormove.AndIsayusuallybecause...well,wewillgettothatina

minute.So,basicallyallmammalsandbirdssleep.Buttherearesomeunusualways

ofsleeping.

Takemarinemammals.Likedolphins,dolphinsneedtoswimupforaironceina

while,sotheycan'tcompletelyshutoffallmovementandsensation.Sotheirbrain

can'tshutdowncompletely.Butdolphinsgetaroundthis.How?won'ttheysleep

onebrainhemisphereatatime?Sleepingdolphinsactuallylooklikethey'rejust

resting,awakeandoccasionallyswimupforair.

Sohowcanweeventelltheirsleeping?Well,wemeasuredtheirbrainactivitywhich

showedthat1/2wasactivewhiletheotherwassleeping.That'ssomeadaptation,

uh?

So,whatisthefunctionofsleep?AsIsaid,itmustbeimportant,butwhy?Okay.I

knowyou'realltemptedtosay,uh,thatsleepswhenthewholebodyreststhatsleep

isourmechanismtorecoverfromphysicalactivity.Andit'strue.Whenyousleep,

yourmuscleslosetheirtone,theyrelax,thebodysavesenergy.Butthiscould

happenevenduringregularwakingrest.Imean,that'sprobablywhathappenswhen

insectsrest.Youdon'tneedsleepforthat.Youcangetthesamebenefitbyresting

awake.Sothisdoesn'texplainwhysleepinvolved.

Toexplaintherealfunction,themostimportantbenefitofsleep.You'llneedtofocus

onthebrain,notthemuscles.Rememberhowwecantellthatadolphinsleepingnot

justresting,isbecauseofauniquepatternofbrainactivity,whichisacluethat

sleepsfunctionhastodospecificallywiththebrain.Andthat'sthegeneralconsensus

cause,that'swhatcouldexplainbyitevolved.Italsoexplainswhysleepisa

characteristicofmammalsandbirds,becausetheyhavethemostcomplexbrainsof

allanimals.Thesimplerbrainuhlikeareptilegetsbywithlittlesleeporevenwithout

sleep.OK,soweknowthatsleepbenefitsthebrainbutinwhatway?Wearenot

sureyet.

Okay.Soonehypothesisisthatduringsleep,thebrain'ssynthesizemoleculesthatit

needsforproperfunctioningwhenawake.Thelongerwestayawake,themorethose

moleculesgetdepleted.Sothebrainneedstoreplenishthem,andthissupposedly

happensduringsleep.I'mtalkingaboutenergysourceslikeglycogenandsometypes

ofneuro-transmitterthatareneededtotransmitsignalsbetweennervecells.So

thesegetreplenishduringsleepandthenextmorningourbrainisworkingwithafull

supplyofenergyandneuro-transmittersagain.Withthatexplainswhywefeelso

alertandmentallyrefreshedafternightsleep.Yes,Jim?

MaleStudent:Well,youknow,Idon'tworkwellinthemorningatall.

FemaleStudent:Yeah,Idomybestworkatnighttoo.

Professor:Noteveryone'sattheirbestinthemorning.Igrantyouthat.Butthat

doesn'truleoutthereplenishmenthypothesis.It'sjustabitmorecomplicatedthanI

said.Theywerefairlysurethatthere'sthisotherrhythmofmentalactivitygoingon

thatindependentofsleep.It'slikeapre-program24hourscycle.Yourmentalactivity

peaksatacertainhoureveryday,likeatnight,foryoutwo.Andthenitgoesdownat

someotherpoint.Butthepointisthatafterasleeplessnight,thatpeakisnotashigh

asitwouldnormallybe,andthelongeryougowithout,thelowerthosepeaksget.

Sothereplenishmentmaybeneededtokeepthemetalhigh.Doesthatmakesense?

Thetwomechanismsarenetmutuallyexclusive.That'swhatI'mtryingtosay.

题目

l.Whatisthemainpurposeofthelecture?

A.Toexplainwhypeoplesleepatnightratherthanduringtheday

B.Todiscusstheproblemscausedbyalackofsleep

C.Toexplainwhymusclesinthebodyneedsleep

D.Toexplorebenefitsthatareprovidedbysleepbutnotbyregularrest

2.Whydoestheprofessormentionthatsleepisariskybehavior?

A.Tosuggestthatrestingwhileawakeisbetterthansleeping

B.Toindicatehowimportantthebenefitsofsleepmustbe

C.Toexplainwhymanyanimalssleepduringtheday

D.Toexplainwhybirdssleeplessthanmammals

3.Accordingtotheprofessor,whyisthesleepofdolphinsunusual?

A.Theirsleepisinterruptedwhenevertheyneedtocomeupforair.

B.Theycanmovearoundwniletheyareasleep.

C.Ineverydolphingrouponlyhalfofthedolphinsareasleepatanygiventime.

D.Theirbrainsshownoactivityduringsleep.

4.Whatdoestheprofessorconcludeabouttheviewthatthemainfunctionofsleepis

toallowthebodytorecoverfromphysicalactivity?

A.Itistrueforallanimalsexceptmarinemammals.

B.Itissupportedbymeasurementsofbrainactivity.

C.Itexplainswhysleephasevolved.

D.Itisnotconvincingwhenexaminedmoreclosely.

5.Accordingtothehypothesesdiscussedbytheprofessor;whatdetermineshow

alertwefeelataparticulartimeoftheday?[Clickon2answers.]

A.Thesupplyofcertainchemicalsinourbrain

B.Thechemicalcompositionofourdiet

C.Our24-hourcycleofmentalactivity

D.Thetimeofdaywhenweusuallywakeup

6.Whydothestudentssaythis:

MaleStudent:Well,youknow,Idon'tworkwellinthemorningatall.

FemaleStudent:Yeah,Idomybestworkatnighttoo.

A.Toshowtheprofessorthattheyhaveunderstoodthetheory

B.Tosupporttheprofessor'spointthatpeopletendtobeactiveatthesametime

C.Topointoutafactthatseemstocontradictthehypothesistheprofessorjust

discussed

D.Toindicatethattheywouldliketochangetheirsleepinghabits

答案

DBBDACC

译文

教授：好的，今天我想谈啖睡眠。我们都要睡觉。人类睡觉，许多动物也睡觉。

当我们睡觉时，我们实际二并不是无意识的，而是处于一种对周围环境意识减弱

的状态。那么，如果野生动物处于这种状态，这对它们意味着什么呢？这时，它

们是无法监控它们周围的环境。

男学生：它们很无助，可能在捕食者面前更容易受到侵害。

教授：确实。它们很容易受到捕食者的攻击。是的，因