Unit 2 The universal language 讲义（下）-2022-2023学年高中英语牛津译林版2020选择性必修第一册

M4U2TheuniversallanguageII趣味导入◎课文语法填空根据P16-17教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。CombiningChineseandWesternmusicalelements,ButterflyLoversisafamousviolinconcerto1._________(compose)byHeZhanhaoandChenGang.Ittakesusthroughthestoryofayoungcoupletornapartby2._________(they)families.Thisbeautifulpieceofmusic3._________(express)differentmoods.First,themusicislightandpleasant,tellingLiangShanboandZhuYingtai'sfirstmeeting.Itisfollowedbyafastandcheerfulsection4._________representstheirthreehappyyearsofschool.Thenthemusicgetsdramaticwithheaviernotesandthatiswhenthelovers5._________(separate).Finally,themusictakesasofterturnandendsonabittersweetnote,tellingushowthecoupletransform6._________butterfliesandflyaway.CountrymusicbecamepopularinthesouthofAmericainthe1940sandthenspreadacrossthenation.Itgrewoutofsuchmusictypesasthebluesandfolkmusic,sothe7._________(musician)usemanysimilarinstruments.Thetunesareeasy8._________(sing),andthelyricsoftenleaveyoudeepin9._________(think).Thesongsarenotonlyabouthardshipandheartbreak,butalsoabouthope.Countrymusicshowsthe10._________(peace)greenfieldsandsimplelifeofthecountryside.【答案】1.composed2.their3.expresses4.which/that5.separation6.into7.musicians8.tosing9.thought10.peaceful答案：答案：suitable;suit2.recording;record;recorder3.distant;distance;distantlybreath;breathe5.unusual;usual;usually6.remarkable;remark7.prediction;predictable;predict8.depress;depression;depressive知识典例语言知识初探根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词_________adj.合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的→_________v.适合，使适合；有利于；相配n.一套衣服；副；套_________n.录音，视频；录制；记录，记载→_________n.记录，记载v.记录，将……录音→_________n.记录员；录音机；录像机_________adj.遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的→_________n.距离；远处；冷淡，疏远v.拉开距离；与……疏远→_________adv.冷淡地；遥远地；模糊地_________n.呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量，迹象→_________v.呼吸；呼气_________adj.特别的，不寻常的；独特的，与众不同的→_________adj.寻常的，惯常的，通常的→_________adv.通常，经常地_________adj.非凡的，奇异的，显著的，引人注目的→_________n.言论，评论v.评论，谈及，谈论_________n.预言，预测→_________adj.可预见的→_________v.预言；预报_________vt.使抑郁，使沮丧；使萧条，使不景气→_________n.不景气；沮丧，消沉→_________adj.抑郁的n.抑郁症患者↔[反↔[反]thinkpoorly/badlyof...speak/thinkhighly/well/muchof... 对……评价很高，欣赏getdownto(doing)sth. 开始着手（做）某事goone’sseparateways 分道扬镳becapableofdoingsth. 能够做某事everyotherweek 每隔一周；每两周turnupthevolume 调高音量holdone’sbreath 屏息以待，焦急地等待sweepalong=sweepaway （常用被动）使深受影响，使醉心reflecton... 深思，反省breakintocheers 突然开始喝彩dayandnight 夜以继日enjoyareputationas 享有……的声誉musicworld 音乐界makepredictionsabout... 做有关……的预测bedeterminedtodosth. 决定做某事avarietyof... 各种各样的……takein...理解，吸收desperatelowsandupliftinghighs 充满绝望的低音和催人奋进的高音bedesperateforsth.渴望某物bedesperatetodosth.bedesperateforsth.渴望某物bedesperatetodosth.渴望做某事 indesperate/badneedofsth.=needsth.desperately/badly极/非常需要某物makedesperateeffortstodo…极为努力做某事重点知识点解析eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点1)suitableadj.合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的(教材P21)Agroupofscientistsandartistsgotdowntochoosingsuitablemusic.一群科学家和艺术家开始着手挑选合适的音乐。【用法详解】(be)suitableforsb./sth.适合某人/某物(be)suitabletodosth.适合做某事如：Idon’tthinkheissuitablefortheposition.我认为他不适合这个职位。Idon’thaveanythingsuitabletowearfortheparty.我没有适合在聚会上穿的衣服。【归纳拓展】词性转换：（1）suitvt.适合，合（某人）心意n.[C]套装如：Nodishsuitsalltastes.众口难调.（2）unsuitableadj.不合适的，不适当的知识要点2distantadj.（距离）遥远的,远处的；不友好的，冷淡的，疏远的；[定]远亲的↔[反义]close(教材P21)Wedonotknowwhatwillhappenintheend,butmaybethesoundoftheqinwillonedaybeheardonadistantplanet.我们不知道最终会发生什么，但也许有一天在遥远的星球上会听到琴声。【用法详解】be(+距离)distantfromsth.离某物（……）远adistantmemory久远的记忆distantrelatives远亲如：Theairportwasabout20kilometresdistant.机场在大约20公里远的地方。Peacewasjustadistanthope(=notverylikely).和平只是遥不可及的希望而已。Patsoundedverycoldanddistantonthephone.从电话里听起来帕特非常冷淡和疏远。Therewasadistant心不在焉的，恍惚的lookinhereyes;hermindwasobviouslyonsomethingelse.她眼神恍惚，显然心里在想着别的什么事儿。【归纳拓展】词性转换：（1）distancen.[C,U]距离；[U]（时间的）久远，（空间的）遥远；[C,U]疏远常见搭配inthedistance在远处fromadistance从远处at/fromadistanceof...在/从……远的地方（of后跟具体的距离）keepone’sdistance保持距离distantlyadv.遥远地【即时巩固】单句语法填空Wesawlightsinthedistance.Anearneighborisbetterthanadistant(distance)cousin.远亲不如近邻。Thecoldnessanddistance(distant)inhervoicetookmebysurprise.知识要点3和4stare，breath(教材P23)Iturnedupthevolumeandstoodstaringattheradio,holdingmybreathandwaitingforthefirstnotesofthesong.我把音量调大，站在那里盯着收音机，屏住呼吸，等待这首歌开始的几个音符。【用法详解】(1)starevi.盯着看，凝视，注视n.[C]凝视，注视常见搭配stareatsb./sth.盯着某人/某物看givesb.arudestare无礼地盯着某人如：Shestaredatthepainting,wonderingwhereshehadseenit.她凝视着这幅画，想知道自己曾在哪里见过它。易混辨析stareat、glanceat、glareat易混词组区别例句stareat指长时间盯着某个目标看，且带有粗鲁、茫然或不礼貌的意味。It’simpolitetostareatforeignvisitorsinthestreet.glareat指怒视，强调敌对或威胁的态度。Hedidn’tshoutbutglaredatmesilently.glanceat指匆匆一看或瞥一眼，强调看的时间短暂。Sheglancedattheenvelopeandrecognizedheruncle’shandwriting.“一眼就认出”【用法详解】(2)breathn.[U]呼吸的空气；[C]一次吸入的空气归纳拓展短语积累、词性转换（1）breath相关短语：holdone’sbreath屏息以待，焦虑地等待；屏息，憋气takeadeepbreath深吸一口气takeone’sbreathaway令人惊叹catchone’sbreath缓一口气；歇口气saveone’sbreath免费口舌→白费口舌wasteone’sbreath(be)outofbreath（运动后）上气不接下气(be)shortofbreath呼吸短促，呼吸困难drawinabreathoffreshair吸一口清新的空气如：Herecitedthewholepoeminonebreath.他一口气背出了整篇诗。Wewereoutofbreathafteronlyfiveminutes.我们五分钟后便气喘吁吁了。Saveyourbreath--you'llneverpersuadeher.不用白费口舌了——你永远说服不了她。Walshmutteredsomethingunderhisbreath.沃尔什小声嘟囔了一句。（2）词性转换：breathevi.＆vt.呼吸如：Whenwebreathe,theairgoesintoourlung.吸气时,空气就进入了我们的肺部。Humanstake/breatheinoxygenandbreatheoutcarbondioxide.人吸入氧气，呼出二氧化碳。breathlessadj.气喘吁吁的；呼吸急促的breathlesslyadv.上气不接下气地；气喘吁吁地【即时巩固】辨义填空、翻译句子辨义填空（注意变形）：stareat/glanceat/glareat=1\*GB3①Iwouldratherstareataclear,star-filledskythanaTVset.我宁可凝视繁星满天的晴朗夜空也不愿盯着电视机。=2\*GB3②Twofierce(凶狠的)eyesglaredatthem.=3\*GB3③Ionlyhadtimetoglanceatthenewspapers.翻译句子=1\*GB3①我屏住呼吸沉入水底。Iheldmybreathandsankunderthewater.=2\*GB3②他曾停下来歇口气，同时确定一下方向。Hehadstoppedtocatchhisbreathandmakesureofhisdirections.=3\*GB3③我是从收音机里听到这首歌的，它令我惊叹不已。Iheardthissongontheradioanditjusttookmybreathaway.知识要点5accompanyvt.陪同，陪伴；伴随，与……同时发生；为……伴奏(教材P23)Yes,theBeatles’smusichasaccompaniedmethroughoutmylife.没错，披头士的音乐陪伴了我一生。【用法详解】accompanysb.tosp.陪伴某人去某处beaccompaniedby...在……的陪同下；伴有……accompanysb.at/onsth.用某物为某人伴奏如：Childrenunder14mustbeaccompaniedbyanadult.不满14岁的孩子必须有大人陪同。Strongwindsareaccompaniedbyheavyrain.狂风夹杂着暴雨。EachpackcontainsabookandaccompanyingCD.每包内装书一本，并附光盘一张。MarysangandIaccompaniedheronthepiano.玛丽唱歌，我弹钢琴伴奏。【归纳拓展】词性转换：companionn.[C]伙伴，同伴companyn.[U]陪伴；[C]公司常见搭配keepsb.company=accompanysb陪伴某人【即时巩固】单句语法填空HesangandAliceaccompaniedhimonthepiano.Announcementoftheverdictwasaccompaniedbyshoutsandcheers.在一片喊叫和欢呼声中宣布了判决。HeaccompaniedhertoParis.知识要点6expectationn.[U,C]预料，期待；[C,usupl.]期望，指望；[C,usupl.,U]希望，盼望(教材P23)Ithashelpedmelooktothefuturewithexpectationandnowithelpsmereflectonmylifewithquietsatisfaction.它帮助我满怀期待地展望未来，现在它帮助我暗自得意地反思自己的生活。【用法详解】contraryto/(be)against/(be)beyondexpectations出乎意料/超出预期in(the)expectationof...预计会有……，预料……；以期获得……havehighexpectationsof...对……怀有远大期望withexpectations怀有希望liveupto/comeupto/beupto/meetone'sexpectations不辜负某人的期望，如某人所愿如：Hetookanumbrellawithhiminexpectationofrain.他预料天会下雨，带了一把伞。Contrarytoexpectations,interestratesdidnotrise.出乎意料的是利率并未上升。Againstallexpectations,shewasenjoyingherself.完全没想到她过得非常快活。Weareinmomentaryexpectationofthearrivalofyou.我们无时无刻不在盼望你的到来。Shewenttocollegewithgreatexpectations.她满怀希望地进入大学。Theeventdidnotliveuptoexpectations.这项比赛有负众望。Someparentshaveunrealisticexpectationsoftheirchildren.有的父母对孩子的指望不切实际。Theresultsexceededourexpectations.结果比我们希望的还好。【归纳拓展】词性转换：expectvt.期待，预料常见搭配expect(sb.)todosth.期待/预计（某人）做某事expectsth.of/fromsb.要求；指望expect+that从句期待……如：Herparentsexpectedhighstandardsfromher.她的父母对她的期望很高。（2）expectedadj.预料的，预期的↔unexpectedadj.出乎意料的，始料未及的→unexpectedlyadv.出乎意料地【即时巩固】单句语法填空Hehaddeterminedtoliveuptotheexpectations(expect)oftheCompany.ThebeautiesoftheWestLakeinspringwerebeyondhisexpectation.西湖的春景要比他所预想的更加美丽。Youcan'texpecttolearn(learn)aforeignlanguageinafewmonths.He'sstillgettingoverhisillness,sodon'texpecttoomuchfrom/ofhim.他仍处于康复期，所以不要对他期望过高。知识要点7enthusiasticadj.热情的，热心的，热烈的(教材P25)Thecrowdimmediatelyrecognizedthattheywerelisteningtosomethingtrulyspecial,andtheybrokeintoenthusiasticcheersattheendofthesymphony.听众很快意识到他们所听绝非凡品，演出结束的那一刻，全场爆发出热情的欢呼。【用法详解】beenthusiasticabout(doing)sth.对（做）某事热心/感兴趣如：anenthusiasticsupporter热心的支持者Youdon'tsoundveryenthusiasticabouttheidea.你好像对这个想法不太感兴趣。【归纳拓展】词性转换：（1）enthusiasticallyadv.热情地（2）enthusiasmn.热情，热心常见搭配withenthusiasm怀着热情enthusiasmfor(doing)sth.对（做）某事的热情beshortof/befullofenthusiasm缺乏/充满热情如：Sheneverlostherenthusiasmforteaching.她从未失去过教书的热忱。“Howwonderful!”shesaidwithsimulatedenthusiasm.“多棒啊！”她装出一副兴致勃勃的样子说道。知识要点8reputationn.[C,U]名誉，名声(教材P25)Bythetimehewasateenager,hehadalreadyenjoyedareputationasawonderfulyoungmusician.十多岁的时候，他已经是有名的杰出少年音乐家了。【常见搭配】haveagood/badreputation有好/坏名声haveareputationfor...=befamousfor...以……著称acquire/earn/build/enjoyareputation获得/赢得/树立/享有声誉ruinone’sreputation毁坏某人的名声liveuptoone’sreputation名副其实如：Shesoonacquiredareputationasafirst-classcook.她不久就获得了顶级厨师的名声。I'mawareofMark'sreputationforbeinglate.我知道马克迟到是出了名的。TheweatherinEnglandislivinguptoitsreputation(=isexactlyasexpected).英格兰的天气真是名副其实。【易混辨析】reputation和fame易混词区别搭配reputation可指好名声，也可指坏名声，强调人们心目中的印象。haveagood/badreputation有好/坏名声fame仅指好名声，强调较高的知名度，反义词为notoriety。risetofame声名鹊起achieve/gain/winfame获得/赢得名声fameandfortune名利知识要点9possessvt.[不用进行时]有，拥有；具有（特质）(教材P25)Inalettertohisbrothers,hewrote,“...howcouldIpossiblyadmitaweaknessintheonesensewhichshouldbemoreperfectinmethaninothers,asensewhichIoncepossessedinthegreatestperfection...”在给他兄弟的一封信里，他写道：“……我怎么能承认我应该比别人更完美、我曾经拥有过的最完美的感官成为弱点……”【用法详解】possesssth.=havesth.拥有/具有某物如：Thegallerypossessesanumberoftheartist'searlyworks.这座画廊藏有那位画家的一些早期作品。I'mafraidhedoesn'tpossessasenseofhumour.恐怕他没有什么幽默感。【归纳拓展】词性转换：possessionn.[U]具有，拥有；[C,usupl.]私人物品，个人财产（=belongings）常见搭配takepossessionof...拥有/占有……sb.beinpossessionof...某人拥有/占有……（主语通常是人）sth.beinthepossessionofsb./sth.beinsb.’spossession某物为某人所有（主语通常是物）如：Thegirlisinpossessionofthecar.=Thecarisinthepossessionofthegirl./...isinthegirl’spossession.Wehavealreadyboughtthehouse,butwewon’ttakepossessionofituntilMay.我们已经买了房子，但要到五月份才能拿到。Whenherfatherdied,shecameintopossessionofalargefortune.父亲去世后，她继承了一大笔财产。【即时巩固】单句语法填空Hewaschargedwithpossessing(possess)ashotgunwithoutalicence.Themanuscriptisjustoneofthetreasuresintheir(they)possession.Thegangwascaughtinpossessionofstolengoods.人赃俱获ThosedocumentsarenowinthepossessionoftheGuardian.知识要点10abandonvt.放弃，中止；抛弃；舍弃；|陷入，沉湎于（某种情感）(教材P26)Eveninhisdarkestmoments,however,Beethovenneverabandonedhope.然而，即使在那些最晦暗的时刻，贝多芬都不曾放弃希望。【用法详解】abandonone’shope/plan/idea放弃某人的希望/计划/想法abandononeselfto...沉湎于（某种情感），陷入（to为介词，后跟名词或v-ing）如：Thebabyhadbeenabandonedbyitsmother.这个婴儿被母亲遗弃了。Theyhadtoabandontheirlandstotheinvadingforces.他们不得不舍弃土地，让侵略军占领。Wearescaredtoabandonourselvestoourfeelingsincaseweseemweakoroutofcontrol.我们不敢放纵自己的情感，以免显得太过软弱或缺乏自制。【归纳拓展】词性转换：abandonedadj.[可作表语或前置定语]被遗弃的；废弃的；放纵的如：anabandonedcar/house被抛弃的轿车/弃置的房子Thechildwasfoundabandonedbutunharmed.该弃儿被人们发现时安然无恙。知识要点11easen.[U]容易，舒适，自在vt.&vi.减轻；缓解（=relieve,soothe）(教材P26)Themusicmovesthroughtechnicallydifficultsectionswithease,showinghisgeniusasacomposer.即使技术难度很高的段落，音乐也都从容流过，展现了他作为作曲家的才华。【用法详解】withease轻易，毫不费劲atease不拘束，放松putab.atease让某人放松easerelievethepain/stress/tension/burden减轻疼痛/压力/紧张/负担如：Hewasintelligentandcapableofpassinghisexamswithease.他很聪明，能轻而易举地通过考试。Knowingthatthechildrenweresafe,hismindwasatease.得知孩子们安然无恙，他才放心。√小试身手（1）-翻译句子这该有助于减轻痛苦。Thisshouldhelpeasethepain.他陷入绝望。Heabandonedhimselftodespair.迈克尔在数学上可能不太灵光，但在语言方面很有天赋。（begiftedin...）Michaelmayhavebeenadunceatmathematics,buthewasgiftedinlanguages.咱们别说废话了，开始干正事吧。Let'scutthecrapandgetdowntobusiness.她的话说得很清晰，以至于我们每个人都听懂了她的意思。（so...that...）Herwordsweresoclearthateachofuscanunderstandher.◎单元重点语法—动词-ing形式动名词作主语和宾语1.构成与特点（主宾不过分：分词<尤其是过去分词>不作主语或宾语）动名词与现在分词同形，均由动词原形+ing构成。动名词具有名词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。同时，动名词仍保留着动词的一些特征，可以带宾语和状语，并有完成式和被动语态。动名词的的各种时态、语态变化如下:形式及物动词不及物动词主动被动主动一般式doingbeingdonedoing完成式havingdonehavingbeendonehavingdone时态动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常要用完成式，否则都用一般式。如：Weareinterestedinplayingchess.Hewaspraisedforhavingfinishedtheworkaheadoftime.I’msorryfornothavingkeptmypromise.语态若动名词的逻辑主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象（即构成动宾关系），动名词用被动语态。如：Wemustdosomethingtopreventwaterfrombeingpolluted.Irememberhavingbeentoldastory.Hewasafraidofbeingscoldedbytheteacher.2.用法作主语如：例1Talkingisnogood.空谈是没有用的。例2Workingforhimisfun.为他工作很有意思。例3Sittingtherewaspleasant.坐在那里很愉快.注意①由以上例句可知，动名词作主语时，一般表示一般性、习惯性的动作。作主语的动名词有时态和语态的变化，且谓语动词常用单数。②动名词（短语）作主语时，也可用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语（即动名词）放在后面，有以下结构：(1)Itisnouse(nogood,<great>fun,anewexperience,agreathonour,etc)+doingsth.因此，上述例2就可以改为：It’sfunworkingforhim.(2)Itisgood(nice,useless,interesting,pleasant,tiring,etc)+doing或todosth.如：因此，上述例句3就可以改为：Itwaspleasantsittingthere.又如：Itisuselessspeaking.光说没有用。(3)Itis

worthwhiledoingsth.如：It’sworthwhiledoingthework.

这项工作值得做。(4)Thereisnowaydoingsth.nosense/point/goodinnothingworsethan注意=3\*GB3③动名词作主语时，如果要突出动作的执行者，要在动名词前加上所表动作的逻辑主语，这个逻辑主语通常为名词所有格或形容词性物主代词。如：Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Mike’sreturningbacktoworkisagreathelptous.√小试身手（2）-单句语法填空It’snouse_______(complain)withouttakinganyaction.Itisawasteoftime_______(warn)him–heisdeterminedtogohisownway.【答案】1.complaining2.warning作宾语如：Ienjoylisteningtomusic.Heoftenpracticesplayingthepianointheevening.Heisfondofplayingbasketball.Hehasgivenupsmoking.Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please?①只能接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有：考虑建议盼原谅（consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon）承认推迟没得想（admit,delay/putoff,fancy）避免错过继续练（avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practise）否认完成就欣赏（deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate）禁止想象才冒险（forbid,imagine,risk）不禁介意准逃亡（can’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape）难以忍受始反对（can’tstand,setabout,objectto）想要成功坚持忙（feellike,succeedin,stickto/insiston,bebusy）习惯放弃有困难（beused/accustomedto,giveup,havedifficulty/trouble/problems<in>）导致专心防道款（leadto,devoteto,prevent/stop/keepsb/sthfrom,apologizefor）besurprisedat对……感到惊讶beproudof以……为骄傲beafraidof害怕……=2\*GB3②后接动名词、不定式均可，且意义相同的动词或短语有：like,love,dislike,hate,begin/start,continue,prefer,can’tbear/endure（无法忍受）,cease（停止）,etc.=3\*GB3③某些及物动词后，可加动名词（doing）也可用动词不定式（todo）作宾语，但意义不同。如：rememberdoingremembertodoforgetdoingforgettodoregretdoing后悔做过某事regrettodo遗憾去做某事meandoing意味着meantodo打算做某事（=plantodo）trydoing尝试着做某事trytodo尽力做某事stopdoing停止正在做的事stoptodo停下来做别的事（todo表目的）goondoing继续做原来做的事goontodo接着做别的事want/need/requiredoing表示被动含义=want/need/requiretobedonebeworthdoing主动形式表示被动含义be/getusedtodong习惯于做某事usedtodo过去常常做某事（现在不做了）beusedtodo被用来做某事（被动语态）can’thelpdoing=can’thelpbutdo情不自禁做某事can’thelp(to)do不能帮助做某事like/hate+doing喜欢/讨厌某种行为（经常性）like/hate+todo喜欢/讨厌去做某事（特定的某一次）*dislike后只跟doingbeconsideredtohavedone被认为已经做了某事considerdoing考虑做某事consider(think,find)…(tobe)认为……是……=4\*GB3④动名词前可以有自己的逻辑主语以构成复合结构，其形式有：(1)形容词性物主代词(2)名词所有格(3)人称代词宾格(4)名词+动名词如：Heleftthecitywithoutourknowingit.Doyoumindmy/meopeningthewindow?Iknewnothingaboutthewindowbeingopen.√小试身手（3）-单句语法填空InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_______(wait)foranotherhour.Itisdifficulttoimaginehis_______(accept)thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.Shedidn’tfeellike_______(work),sohesuggested_______(spend)thedayinthegarden.Iregret_______(beable)tocometoyourbirthdaypartyyesterday.Considerableresourceshavebeendevotedto_______(prove)himaliar.—I’msorry,butIdidn’tmean_______(let)outyoursecret.—Butyouknow,lettingoutasecretmean_______(hurt)one’sfeelings.Whoisconsidered_______(invent)thetelephone,doyouknow?Mr.Smithisconsidering______(buy)acomputer,whichisconsidered_______(be)agreathelpinhisworkandstudy.【答案】1.waiting2.accepting3.working,spending4.beingunable5.proving6.tolet,hurting7.tohaveinvented8.buying;tobe强化练习Ⅰ.单句语法填空（一）单词拼写1.Jacktookadeepb_________andthendivedintothewater.2.Hewantedtogetawayfromeverythingsohemovedtoad_________land.3.Shes__________atthepainting,wonderingwhereshehadseenit.4.Thecoolingwinds__________throughourbedroomwindows.5.Itisnotu___________fornewbusinessownerstoworkseventyoreightyhoursaweek.6.Wehaveachievedsuchr___________growthanddevelopmentoverthepastdecade.7.Shewas____________(陪同)byanexperiencedskiinstructorandshelearntveryquickly.8.Ilearntthat____________(期盼)atweddingsindifferentcountriescanbequitedifferent.9.Therulesofthegamearetoo___________(复杂的，难懂的)toexplaininafewwords.10.The_________(太阳的)systemisthesunandalltheplanetsthatgoroundit.【答案】1.breath2.distant3.stared4.swept5.unusual6.remarkable7.accompanied8.expectations9.complicated10.solar（二）单句语法1.Themanintheriver___________(desperate)triedtoreachtheside.2.Hismindwas__________easeknowingthatthechildrenweresafe.3.Aftercarefulconsideration,theyagreedtoabandon___________(carry)outtheproject.4.Havingbeencheatedbythatcompany,helostallhis___________(possess).5.Withtears____________(stream)downhisface,shekissedherfamilymembersgood-bye.6.Parentsareproudbutworriedabout___________(predict)futureofchildren.7.Hiswifeisgoodtohimbutshehasatendencytotalktoomuch,whichsometimes___________(upset)him.8.Weshouldn’tgetdiscouragedrightafterfailures.Rather,weshouldkeeptryingwith_____________(enthusiastic).9.Itispredictedthataboutone­thirdofEuropeanpopulationswillbe___________(age)over65in2050.10.Peoplehavetothinkabouthowtoprotectthemselvesfrom_____(depress),lowsubjectivewell­beingandearlydeath.【答案】1.desperately2.at3.carrying4.possessions5.streaming6.unpredictable7.upsets8.enthusiasm9.aged10.depressionII.用合适的非谓语形式填空AHavinganofficelunchbuddy(伙伴)isfun,butit’salsotrulyimportant.Studieshaveshownthesefriendscanimproveyourproductivityatworkandmakeyouhappier.TomRathexplainsthisideainhisbook.“When(1)___________(ask)iftheywouldratherhaveabestfriendatworkora10%payraise,peoplechosefriendship.”Inhissurveys,hefoundthatnotonlyare“peoplewithatleastthreeclosefriends”morelikely(2)___________(be)satisfiedwiththeirlives,butitalsodoublestheirsalarysatisfaction.Asisexplained,“people(3)___________(have)abestfriendatworkaremorelikelytofocusontheirjob.TherearemanyreasonsAmericanworkershavedecreasedtheirfocuson(4)___________(build)relationshipsintheoffice.Forone,joblongevityhasgonedown.Mostmillennial(千禧年的)workersspendanaverageoffouryearsorlessattheirworkplace,so(5)___________(make)friendscanseempointless.Employeesarealsoputtinginmorehourseachweek,sotheytrytokeeptheirpersonaltime(6)___________(leave)tothemselves.However,it’simportant(7)___________(open)uptocoworkerswithnon-work-relatedconversations.Inadditionto(8)___________(improve)productivityandgeneralhappiness,friendshipencouragessharingandcreativityintheworkplace.Insteadof(9)___________(focus)inwardongrowth,Rathadvisesleadershipteams(10)___________(promote)aworkenvironmentwithafriendlyculture.【答案】1.asked 2.tobe 3.having 4.building 5.making6.left 7.toopen 8.improving 9.focusing 10.topromoteBSourcewaterreferstosourcesofwater,suchasrivers,streams,lakes,springs,andgroundwater(1)___________(provide)watertopublicdrinkingwatersuppliesandprivatewells.Protectingsourcewatercanreducerisksbypreventingexposureto(2)___________(pollute)water.Drinkingwaterservicesthatmeetthedefinitionofapublicwatermeetingsystemareresponsiblefor(3)___________(meet)therequirementsofstatedrinkingwaterprogramsundertheSafeDrinkingWaterAct.Protectingsourcewaterfrompollutionhelps(4)__________(reduce)costsandmayavoidtheneed(5)___________(treat)waterwithdifficulty.Therearemanyadditionalbenefits(6)___________(connect)withsourcewaterprotection,suchasprotectingwaterqualityforwildlifeuse,andprotectingthequantityofwatersupplies.Sourcewaterprotectionincludesawidevarietyofactions(7)___________(aim)atsafeguarding,keeping,orimprovingthequalityandquantityofsourcesofdrinkingwaterandtheircontributingareas(水流区域).Theseactivitiesmaydependonthetypeofsource(8)___________(protect)atthatmoment.Eventhoughmostcommunitydrinkingwater,especiallyfromsurfacewatersources,istreatedbefore(9)___________(enter)thehome,thecostofitandtheriskstopublichealthcanbereducedby(10)___________(protect)sourcewaterfrompollution.Sofar,manycommunitieshaveformedorganizationsorgroupsthatplanandcarryoutsourcewaterprotection.【答案】1.providing 2.polluted 3.meeting 4.(to)reduce 5.totreat6.connected 7.aimed 8.beingprotected 9.entering 10.protectingIII.阅读理解AHeavenandHellInaremotepartofIceland,aboyandhisfriendBarourjoinaboattofishforcod.AwinterstormsurprisesthemoutatseaandBarour,absorbedinabook,givesintothecoldanddies.DistraughtfromBarour'sdeath,theboyleavesthevillage,intendingtoreturnthebooktoitsoriginalowner.Theextremehardshipanddangerofthejourneyisoflittleconsequencetohim一hehasalreadydecidedtojoinhisfriendindeath.Butonceinthetownheimmerseshimselfinthestoriesandlivesofitsinhabitants,anddecidesthathecannotbewithhisfriendjustyet. EbenezerLePageEightyyearsold,EbenezerLePagehaslivedhiswholelifeinaplacecaughtbetweenthecoastsofEnglandandFrance.AsEbenezerreachestheendofhislife,heisdeterminedtotellhisownstoryandthestoriesofthosehehasknown.Hewritesoffamilysecretsandfeuds,unforgettablefriendshipsandfriendshipsbetrayed,loveglimpsedandlost.PlayAnythingInPlayAnything,IanBogostshowshowwecanovercomeourdailyanxiety;transformingtheboring,ordinaryworldaroundusintooneofendless,playfulpossibilities.Thekeytothisplayfulmindsetliesindiscoveringthesecrettruthoffunandgamesanditssettinglimitations.Playiswhathappenswhenweaccepttheselimitations,narrowourfocus,and,consequently,havefun.Whichisalsohowtoliveagoodlife.Kickasoccerballintoagoalisnodifferentthantreatingordinarycircumstancesassourcesformeaningandjoy. OptionBAfterthesuddendeathofherhusband,SherylSandbergfeltcertainthatsheandherchildrenwouldneverfeelpurejoyagain.HerfriendAdamGrant,apsychologistatWharton,toldherthereareconcretestepspeoplecantaketorecoverandreboundfromlife-shatteringexperiences.Wearenotbornwithafixedamountofresilience.Itisamusclethateveryonecanbuild.51.HowisHeavenandHellrecommendedinthepassage?A.Bydescribingtheauthor'sexperience. B.Byintroducingsomeofitscontents.C.Bypresentingthebookreview. D.Bycomparingitwiththeotherthreebooks.52. Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.InHeavenandHell,boththeboyandhisfriendBardurdiedattheendofthestory."B.EbenezerLePagespenthiswholelifetravellinginEnglandandFrance. C.PlayAnythingisabouthowtodealwithdailyanxietyandhowtoliveagoodlife.D.SherylSandberghelpedAdamGrantrecoverfromthedeathofhisfamilymember.BAsfaraslivespectatorsportsgo,theTourdeFrancehastobeoneofthestrangest,Forhours,thousandsofenthusiastslinetherouteunderabakingsun.Fansbringfoldingchairsandpicnics.Atlast,thereisactionontheroad.Butitisthelongcaravan（大篷车）ofadvertisingvehicleswhichprecedestheracers.Andthensuddenly,inaflashoflimegreenandyellow,thebreakawaycyclists,followedbycyclingpack,pass.Italllastsamatterofseconds.Butthenagaintheworld'smostfamouscyclingraceisasmuchaboutthegeographyandnationalidentityofFranceasitisaboutthesport.ThetouristhrillingtheFrenchthisyear.Forthefirsttimein34years,aFrenchman--eitherThibautPinotorJulianAlaphilippe--hasachanceofwinningwhentheracefinishesontheChamps-ElyseesonJuly28th.Fordecades,theFrenchhavewatchedwithdisappointmenttheSpanish,AmericansandBritishgetthetrophy（奖杯）.Frenchsuspicionsofcheatingusedtoseemlikesourgrapes.Butin2012LanceArmstrong,aseventimeAmericanwinner,wasstrippedofhistitlesafteradoping（兴奋剂）scandal.Today,thetourhasrecovereditscredibilityasanextremetestofmuscularendurance,andwithitthecountry'senthusiasm.TheFrenchairwaveshavebeenfilledwithbreathlesslivecoverageo