卡通动画外文翻译

中文4950字

外文阅读与翻译

题目:__________卡通动画

二级学院（直属学部）：艺术与设计学院

专业：动画班级：10动画

学生姓名：学号：

评阅教师姓名：职称:

2014年3月

原版英文:

Chapitre1:eIaborationdespersonnages

11canbeanexcitingexperiencetocreateanddeveIopanoriginalcartooncharacter0

Constructinganddevelopingacharacterisnotmerelyamatterofdrawingthefigure,

eachcharacteraIsohasitsownshape,personaIity,features,andmannerisms.The

animatorhastotakethesequaIitiesintoconsiderationtomakethecharactersseem

IifeIikeandbeIievabIe.Forexample,therearevariouspersonaIitytypessuchas

"goofy,""cute,“and“screwball"°Thinkaboutthetypeofcharacteryouwishto

design,thenusethediagramsandguidesshowninthischaptertobeginyourdrawingo

Whencreatingacharacter,youshouldbeginbydrawingrough“idea"sketches.These

wiIIgiveyouadirectionforthetypeandnatureofthecharacteryouwishtocreate。

DeveIopthebasicshapeofthefigure,thenaddthefeaturesandotherdetaiIs.

ThisprocedureshouIdbefoIIowedwhetherthecharacteryouaredevelopingisahuman,

ananimal,oraninanimateobjectyouwishtobringtoIife(forexampIe,crawing

afaceonacomputerandmakingitdance).

AfteryouhavedeveIopedthecharacterandtheproportionsarctoyourIiking,develop

themovementexpressionsofthebody,head,andhands.HandscantelIacompIetestory

withjustasimplepose.Studyandpracticedrawingthehandsshownonpage28,then

createsomehandpositionsofyourownoAlso,the"lineofaction"sectionisabig

heIpincreatingattitudesinpostureandmovementoThischapteristhestartingpoint

toaworIdofexcitingcartoonanimationo

Cartoonconstruction

Proportionisoneofthemostimportantfactorstoconsiderwhenconstructingacartoon

characteroTheanimatormustkeepinmindthereIativesizesofthebodyparts,because

specificproportionsareusedtocreatecharactertypes.Forexample,theheavy,

pugnaciouscharacterhasasma11head,Iargechestorbodyarea,heavyarmsandIegs,

andthejawandchinnormaIIyprotrude,thecutecharacterisbasedontheproportions

ofababywithaIargeheadinproportiontotheovaIbody,ahighforehead,andasmaII

mouth/eye/chinarea,“screwbalI"typeshaveexaggeratedpartsandfeatures(detaiIed

informationoncharactertypesbeginsonpage32).

Cartoonstudiosoftenuseheadsizetomeasuretheheightofacharacter-forinstance,

acutebearmaybethreeheadshigh,andapugnaciousbearmightbefiveorsixheads

highoThisinformationheIpstheanimatortokeeptheproportionsandheightofa

characterconsitentoStudythecharactersonthispage,andmeasureeachonein”headso

II

Whenanimating,youzIIalsofinditheIpfuItomakeareferencedrawingofthecharacter

onaseparatepieceofpaperoThisway,theanimatorcanrefertotheproportion

guideIineswhendrawingthecharacterindifferentposesandactionso

Theproperuseofcartoonproportionsmakesacharacter,soanaIyzetheproportions

ofyouranimatedactorbeforeheorshegoesonstage-uponthescreen.

Stance[soIidmasses)-drawalineofaction"throughthethree-dimensionaIparts

toorganizeandsettheattitudeoractionoConstructyourdrawingasifyouwerefitting

togetherthepartsofapuppetatthejointsaccordingtoacharacterformuIaoThus

yourcharacterbecomesbeIievabIe,andheacts,theaudienceemotionaIIyresponds.

BodybuiltfromcircuIarandroundedforms

TheanimatedcartooncharacterisbasedonthecircuIar,roundedform.Inacartoon

studioseveraIpeopIemayworkonthesamedrawingandtheroundedformisusedbecause

ofitssimpIicity-itmakesanimationeasier0Also,circuIarforms“foIIowthrough”

betteronthescreen。

MorecircuIarandroundedforms

Thepartsofthecharacterfittogetheratsocketpoints.TheseexampIesdemonstrate

theeffectivenessofcombiningcircuIarandroundedformSoTherounded,pear-shaped

bodiessupportthecircuIarheadsandaddinteresttotheoveraIIcharacter.

TheskeIetonfoundation

BuildthecartoonfromaroughskeIeton,butdon'texpecttoaIwaysgettheskeIeton

rightonthefirsttry-nobodycandothatIExperiment…Discardo..makeseveraI

drawings,thenpickthebestone.Besuretoworklooselywhenconstructingthe

charactero

WorkoutaskeIeton,constructbodymassesaroundit,andthenbuilddetaiIoverthe

masses.

Constructionofthehead

Thinkoftheheadasaroundedmass:itiseitherbaII-shaped,pear-shapedor

egg-shaped.Inanimationtheheadshapemaychangeperspectiveandformmanytimes

duringascene。TosimpIifymatters,aframeworkinproperperspectivemustbedrawn

first,thenthedetaiIsareconstructedoverthisform。

1/thischaracterstartswithabaIIshape.2/drawanellipticalguideIinearoundthe

firstshapethatwiIIdividethefaceinthemiddleIengthwise.Thisdeterminesthe

tiltoftheheado3/drawtheeyeguideIineatrightangIestothesecondcircIe0

Thissetsthefaceupordown.4/thebaseoftheeyesandthetopofthenosetieinto

theeyeIineoTheperspectivemakestheIefteyebiggerthantherighteye.5/now

thedetaiIsaredrawnovertheframework.

StartwithaneggshapedrawguideIinesaroundit,andthendrawtheface.Turnthe

egginvariouspositionsanddrawthesameface.Animationpresentsthesamecha11enge!

AddafewdetaiIsanddrawtheseheadsineverypositionusingtheeggasaguide。

CartoonstudiosoftenmakesmaIIcIaymodeIstoheIptheanimatordrawdifficult

charactersfromdifferentangles.

EggheadmodeImethod

Theeggisthebasisofagreatmanycartoonheads.DrawaneggIikethisandstudy

itfromaIIangles.AdddetaiIsanddesignsomeoriginalheadsofyourown。Watchthe

perspectivechangeasyoutiportilttheeggmodeI.Followingthecenterandmiddle

guide-IineswiIIheIpyouconstructheads©

Moreheadconstruction

AlIanimatedcartooncharacterscanbereducedtoabasicformuIa0ThisformuIamakes

themeasiertomasterandensuresuniformitythroughoutafiIm,evenifseveraIdifferent

artistsworkonthesamecharacter.

/drawanovaIwithperspectiveguideIines./addnoseconstruction,makesureitfits

solidly./nowdrawovaIsfortheeyes./beawareoftheperspectivewhenconstructing

theremainingdetaiIs.

Studythisbasicformula,thendrawthedogindifferentpositionso

AssembIetheseheadsasthoughtheyweresolidandhingedtogether0

FaciaIexpressions

ThejobofananimatoristhesameasthejobofanactorinIiveactionpictures.Both

shouIdbemastersofportrayingemotions0Studyingyourowngrimacesinamirroris

amust.Pickacharacteryouknowandgothroughtheexpressionswithhim,asIhave

herewiththisIittIepup.

Stretchandsquashonheads

Acartoonheadcanbestretchedorsquashedtostrengthenanexpressionc

NoticethattheovaIcontainingtheeyesdoesnotchangemuch,butthemouthareavaries

greatIy.SmaIIdetaiIsreactalongwiththelargerforminwhichtheyarecontained.

Thewidevarietyofexpressionsshownhereistheresultofstretchingandsquashing

seIectedareasoftheface.NoticethattheeyesrefIecttheexpressionofeachstretch

andsquash.

Hands

Cartoonhandsaretrickytodraw,studythehandsshownbelowoThefingersshould

bepIacedunevenIytopreventamonotonousquaIity.

Todrawthehand,beginasifitwereamitten(a&b),thenaddthetwomiddlefingers

byfollowingthisshape(c)o

NowputintheIittIefinger,varyingitspositiontopreventmonotony(d).Itisalso

agoodideatoexaggeratethebaseofthethumbo

Morehands

Drawyourownhands(simpIified)fromamirror.Thiswaytheyappearastheydoin

adrawingo

Thecutecharacter

Thecutekitten

z

1oDeveIopthekittensbodywithacircleandanoval.2OAddperspectiveguideIines.

3.PIacetheeyesandthenose.4.BuildtheearsandtheIegs05.Addthedetails

tocompletethekitten.

NoticethelargepawsthataddtothecuteIooko

ThemorecompIexthepose.ThemorestepsittakestodeveIopo

Cutepup

BeginwthabasicconstructionofcirclesandovaIs.Thendrawperspectiveguicelines

topIacethefeatures.

Noticethatthetongueaccentuatesthehappyexpressionofthemouth,andthecheeks

overIaptheeyes,accentingtheexpression.asidewaysgIancelikethisisa“cuten

expression.

Goosegander

Thesearetheprogressivestepsthataretakenbyananimatortoconstructanddraw

acartooncharacter0

1.Drawa"lineofaction"toestabIishthegeneraIstanceofthefigure.

2OAddroundedmassesfortheheadandthebody.

3.DrawperspectiveIinesaroundthesemassestoestabIishthefront,side,andtilt

ofthebodyandhead.

4.Constructthearms,Iegs,andeyeson(or"anchoredto")theirproperpIaceson

theperspectiveIineso

50Fitorhinge"thedetaiIsintotheirpositionso

6oCleanupthecharacteraroundtheconstructionlines。

Rowdyrabbit

Drawrowdyrabbitfromeveryangle©UseperspectiveguideIinestoassembIethesolid

partSo

Whenconstructingananimatedcharacter,visuaIizeitasathree——dimensionaIpuppet

thatyouarejoiningtogetherwithsolidmasses.

Build”puppetparts"whenconstructingacharacterforanimation.

EachparthasadefinitepIaceaccordingtotheformuIaoThepartsjoinaccordingto

aformulapIano

1oDrawalineofaction,andthenbuildtheovaIbodyandtheroundheadoverit.

2.AddperspectiveguideIinesandpIacetheeyes0

3.SettheshouIder,arm,hand,andearsockets.Drawthenose.

4.Nowbuildthefeatures-ears,cheeks,mouth,etc.fitonthecoatandthegun。

n

50Useananimationboardtomakea"cIeanupdrawingbyplacingacIeanpieceof

paperoverstep4andtracing。

LittlewoIf-hunterpig

1oDrawalineofaction,andthenbuildtheovaIbodyandtheroundheadoverit。

20AddperspectiveguideIinesandpIacetheeyes。

3.Settheshoulder,arm,hand,andearsocketsoDrawthenose.

40Nowbuildthefeatures——ears,cheeks,mouth,etcofitonthecoatandtheguno

5.Useananimationboardtomakea”cIeanup"drawingbyplacingacIeanpieceofpaper

overstep4andtracing。

Cuterabbit

AnimatorsusuaIIydrawwithascriptopenciIwithano.2lead。Thenakneadederaser

isIightIyrubbedovertheentiredrawingtopreparefora"cleanup”orrevision

drawing0

1oDrawacirclefortheheadandapearshapeforthebodyo

2.AddperspectiveguideIinesaroundtheheado

3OTheeyesarepIacedabovethehorizontaIguideIineoThenosestartswherethe

guideIinescrosso

4.Addthecheeks,andfitthearmsonthetopofthebody。

5oDrawtheears,eyes,mouth,andIegso

6.FinishthedetaiIs,andthenerasetheconstructionguideIines0

SquirreIs

HereareactionideasfordrawingsquirreIswhichisdevelopedusingroundedandcircuIar

forms.Likeothercutecharacters(seepage32),theheadisIargeinreIationto

thebody.Thetwofrontteethareimportantandaddexpressiontothischaractero

ThissquirreIcharactercanbechangedtoamouse,rabbit,orchipmunkbysimplychanging

thetail,ears,andfeet.

Morecutecharacters

InthisformuIayouwiIIrecognizesomefeaturesthataIIthesecockywiseguyshave

incommono

Theanticsoftheseloonycharactershavebeensomeofthefunniestonthescreen.

Goofycharacter

HereisthebasicformuIaforgoofytypesthatactIikea”simplesimon”cIodhopper:

Tryusingthesepointstodesignacharacterofyourown.

Theheavy,pugnaciouscharacter

StudytheformuIa(upperabove)forthesebadboys。ItaIsoappIiestofour-1egged

types,suchasthebearaboveandthebuIIdogsailoronpage72o

Moreanimalcharacters

Thispagecontainsavarietyofanimalcharacterswithdifferentexpressions.The

constructionmethodsincIudetheuseofskeletaIformsincombinationwithroundedand

circuIarforms.

ThefaciaIexpressionsandbodyattitudesmustcompIenentoneanothero

Noticethatsomeoftheseformsaresquashedwhileothersarestretchedtodevelopthe

personality.

MusicaIwolf

Lifeisjustonewildcartoon"take"(seepage148)orviolentreactionafteranother

forthismusician.

Roughinthebasicconstruction

—fitonthedetaiIscarefuIIy.

AnythingcanhappenwhenwoIfseesaprettygirI

-continuebuiIdingthewolf.

-cIeanupfromconstruction.

Wolfheads

PracticedrawingthesewoIfheads,theywiIIheIpyoutodrawmanyothertypesofheads

withvariousexpressions0

AnanimatormustbeabIetodrawfromaIIangIes.

LookatyourownfaciaIexpressionsinamirrorforaguideo.o

…Orstudyotherexpressionsinthisbook.

Lionsandtigers

HerearesuggestionsforfunnyIionandtigercharacterso

Birds

ThenaturaIshapeofabirdzswingcanbechangedtoamodified(ofsuggested)arm

andhandforcertainactions,thenchangedbacktothenaturaIshapeo

Owls

HerearesomeroughsketchesofanowltoshowyouhowitswingscanbehandIed0They

canbestraightortheycantakeonthecharacteristicsofahandwiththefeathers

asfingers.

Morebirds

Noticetheheadsizes.

ThesecharactersdiffergreatIyinpersonaIityandshapeduetotheirproportionso

Noticethedifferencesinbeaks,Iegs,necks,andwingsizes.ForexampIe,thebaby

chickhasnoneck(theheadshapeoverIapsthebodyshape),whiletheostrichzsneck

isexaggerated.AlIofthecharactersonthesetwopageshavebeendeveIopedusingthe

circleandroundedformmethod.

DifferentshapescansuggestdifferentpersonaIities:cute,goofy,pugnacious,etc.

ThebelligerantbuIIdog

SpikethebuIIdoghasabarrel-likechest,smaIIbottom,heavyarmsandIegs,no

neck,pigeonfronttoes,andbowedIegs0

UseconstructionguideIinestoheIpyoudrawthisbulIdoginseveraIdifferentposes

andactionviews0

MakearepeateyeIeofbulIdogrunningusingthedrawingatrightforpositiononeo

Seegallopvin”movementsofthefour——leggedfigurevonpage102foraguide.

BuIIdogsailor

Thebu11doghasadoubIejawwithjowls.DrawthecircuIarformsfirst,andthen

determinetheperspectiveIinestobuildtheheadandassembIethebody.

InanimationthebuIIdogjowIsfIoparoundIikecoattaiIsinanoverIappingsecondary

action(seechapter3).ThatisavaIuabIetechniqueforkeepingposesaIive«

Buildtheheadstep-by-step。

Continuedevelopingthecharacterasshowno

AnimationformuIa

FittheclothingtothebodybyusingperspectiveguideIines.

Usingthisformula,youcandrawthecharacterinanypositionandIearntobean

animatoro

Foreshortening-perspective

Perspectivegivesanimateddrawingsthedimensionofdepthbyusingvanishingpoints

onadistanthorizonIineandforeshortening(whenanobjectseemstocometowardthe

viewer)oThehorizonIinereIatestotheviewer'seyeIeveI.Ifthevanishingpoints

havebeenpositionedtooclosetogether,thedrawingwillappeardistorted.Experiment

withyoursubjecttofindacomfortabIepositionforthevps.

Drawaboxinperspective,andthenconstructacharacterwithintheframework.Also,

studytherevoIvingcyIinderabove.NoticethereIationshiptothearmsandlegs.

Thedrawingsonthispagearebasedontwo-pointperspectiveoTheverticaIIinesof

theboxareparaIIeI,andthehorizontaIIinesareprojectedfromthevps,asshown

atupperIeft.Forcharactersofgreatheight,athirdvpwouIdbeadded,andthe

verticalswouIdconvergeatthethirdvp.Thisthree-pointperspectiveisusedto

emphasizeheightbyloweringthehorizonIine(eyelevel),asiftheviewerislooking

up.Thus,thedramaofanimationisheightenedoAgiantismorefrighteningfroma

wormzs-eyeview。

ForeshorteningisusedwhentheobjectisnotparaIIeItothepictureplane。Notethe

hands,Iegs,andarmsofthemusicianstotheleft。

Learntodrawhandsfromeveryangle.AttheIeftisaformuIaforahandoaboxshape

hingsfromthewristupof,down,thearmturnsitaround,andthebaIIbaseofthe

thumbfitsono

Thisthumbbaseisaccentedincartoons©Noticethattheshort,straightIinesinaII

ofthesedrawingsheIpdefinetheperspective.PerspectivecancreateanormaIthird

dimensionsof,itcanbedistortedfordramaticdepth,height,orforeshortening.

Gnomes

GnomesareusuaIIyhappybutshycharacters.

ItisbesttodeveIoptheseIittIefellowswithroundedformso

EIves

Dwarfs

AmotIeycrewofIittIemenassembIestopIayninepinsonananimationIayoutdrawing

(inpenciI).

Wickedwitch

Personalitycanbeprojectedthroughhandexpression-youdon'tneedtoseethe

witch'sfacetoknowthatsheis”wicked.”

Kids

KidscomeinaIIshapesandsizes.YoungchiIdrenhavelargeheadsandshortIegs,and

theirdovesaresIightIypear-shapedwithaprotrudingtummy(like"thecutecharacter",

seepage32)o

AskidsgrowoIder,theproportionschange,theyaremoreIankyandawkwardIooking.

TheheadforthistyperemainsabitIarge©

Theyoungheroine

TheproportionsofthischaracteraredifferentthanthoseofthechiIdrenonthe

previouspages0UsethechartbeIowasaguidetodrawthisyounggirl.Thechartshows

thefuIIfigureproportionsbasedonaheightoffiveheadlengthsoTheIegsarehaIf

oftheheight(2—1/2heads),thewaististwoheadsfromthetopoAndthearms

andhandsareaIittIeovertwoheadsIong.UsethisseaIetodrawtheyounggirl

accurateIyinanypositiono

Firstdotheroughconstructiondrawings0

FaciaIfeaturesmovewiththehead:upanddownandsideways.Thepositionandangle

oftheeyeschangewiththeheadmovement,theymustbedrawntoIookinthedirection

specifiedbytheheadposition.Herethechangeisfroma3/4frontviewtoa3/4back

viewwheretheeyesapenotseenataIIoUsetheruIesofperspectiveandforeshortening

toaccompIishthesetransitionsaccurateIy(seepage74)O

ModeIsheetdrawings,Iiketheonesonthispage,areissuedtotheanimatorasaguide

whenheorshepicksupthescenefromthedirector0

Drawthebasicfigurebyusingthechartfromabove.ThendrawthecIothesoverthe

figure.

Youwouldseethesedrawingsonthescreenfortwoframes-or1/12ofasecond(see

page196)O

中文翻语:

第一章：人物

可以创建和发展原有的卡通人物是一个令人兴奋的经历。建立和发展一个人物不仅仅是绘

制图，每一个人物都有自己的形状、特点，和举止。动画师采取这些特点使得人物栩栩如生，更

加可信。举个例子，有各种不同的人物类型，如“愚笨的”，“可爱的”和“脱线的”。想一下你

想要设计的人物类型，然后使用图标和引导在本章开始你的绘图。创造一个角色的时候，你应该

先画出粗糙想法的草图。这些会给你想要创建的角色类型一个方向。画出图的基本形状，然后

加入特征和其他细节。

这个步豚应遵循你创造的这个角色是一个人类，一个动物，或者你想要带来生命的无生命物

体（例如，在电脑上画一张脸并使它跳舞）。

在你根据你自己的喜好画好特征和比例弧后，画出身体、头和手的运动表现。手可以用一个

简单的姿势来交代一个完整的故事,研究和练习画手在28页展示，然后创造你自己的手的位置。

同时，“作用线”部分对于在姿势和动作的创作态度上是有很大帮助的。本章是令人兴奋的卡通

动画世界的一个起点.

卡通建筑物

比例是构建一个卡通人物时要考虑的最重要因素之一.因为具体比例是用来创建角色类型

的。比如，重要人物，好斗的性格有一个小头，大的胸部或者身体部位，重的胳膊和腿，以及下

颗和下巴通常凸出，可爱的性格是基于一个与椭圆型身体成比例的大头婴儿的比例。一个高高

的额头，和一个小嘴巴/眼睛/下巴部位，是“怪人”类型夸张的部位和特征（性格类型的详细信

息从32页）.动画工作室经常用头的尺寸来衡量角色的高度，例如，一个可爱的熊可能是三个

头高，一个好斗的熊可能是五个或者六个头高。这个信息帮助动画师保持比例和角色高度吻合.

在这一页学习人物，以及用“头”帮助测量每一个角色。

在赋予动作的时候，你也会发现在一张单独的纸上画角色参考图是很有帮助的。这种的话，

动画师在绘制角色不同姿势和动作的时候可以参考比例准则。

卡通比例的正确使用造就了一个角色，所以在搬上荧幕之前，先分析你动画演员的比例。

站姿（固体状）一-画一条“作用线”通过三维部分去组织和设置姿势或者行为。根据人物

准则，构建你的画就像你处在把一个木偶零件组装在一起的关节处.这样观众情绪上就会反应出

觉得你的人物和动作是可信的。

身体由环形和圆形的形式建成

被赋予生气的动画南色是以环形、圆形的形态为基础°在动画工作室可能几个人用同样的

绘图方式，圆形的形式被使用是因为它的简单性——它使动画更简单。同样，循环模式在屏幕上

保持的更好。

更多环形和圆形的形式

这部分角色在插座点连接在一起.这些例子证明了环形和圆形模式结合的有效性。圆形的，

梨形的身体支撑圆形的头给整体角色增加了趣味性。

骨架基础

从一个粗略的骨架打造漫画，但是也别指望总是在第一次去试就得到正确的骨架，没人能

做到！尝试…丢弃…画很多的图纸，然后选择最好的一个。确保在构建人物的时候做到随意些。

完成了一个骨架，围绕着它构建身体块，然后在体块上建立细节。

头部建造

把头看成一个圆块：无论它是球形，梨形或者蛋形.在动色中头的形状在一个场景中可能多

次变化角度和形式。为了简化问题，必须先绘制一个有正确透视的框架，然后一些细节在这个形

式下被建立出来。

1、这个角色从一个球形开始.2、在第一个形状周围画一个椭圆形指南从中间区分开脸。这

就决定了头部的倾斜。3、在第二个圆形的正确南度上画出眼睛指南。这个看脸放置的上或者下。

4、眼睛的基础和鼻子的高度结合眼线。透视使得左边的眼睛比右边的眼睛大。5、现在细节都

在框架上画好了。

从一个蛋形开始，在它周围画出参考，然后画脸.把蛋放在各个位置，并画同样的脸。动画

呈现同样的挑战！

添加一些细节，使用鸡蛋作为指导画出各个位置的头。々通工作室经常制作小的粘土模型

来帮助动画师从不同的角度画出困难的角色。

蛋头模型的方法

鸡蛋是很多很好的卡通头的基础。像这样画一个蛋，从各个方面研究.增加细节和设计一些

你自己独创的头部。观察角度的变化作为你的小窍门或者倾斜鸡蛋模型。遵循这个中心和中间

导线将帮助你建立你的头部。

更多的头部构建

所有生动的动画人物都可以被变成一个基础公式。这个公式使它们更容易掌握和在整个电

影中保持一致性，即使有很多不同妁艺术家工作在相同的人物上。

遵照透视指南画一个椭圆。/增加头部结构，确保它牢固。/现在画椭圆形的眼睛。/构建余

留的细节时要注意透视。

研究这一基本公式，然后在不同位置画这些东西。

组合这些头好像它们是立体图形，然后组合在一起。

面部表情

动画师的这个工作和一个实景图片演员的工作是相同的。两者都需要精通描绘情感。在镜

子中练习自己的表情是必须的.选择一个你知道的角色，模仿他的表情，就像我已经在这里和这

个小家伙一起。

头部的挤压和拉伸

卡通头可以通过被挤压或者拉伸来加强表达效果.

请注意，椭圆形包含的眼睛变化不大，但是嘴巴区域变化泯大。在它们被包含的区域里，小

细节伴随着枝大的形式一起反映出来。

各种各样的表情在这里展现出来是拉伸和挤压脸部所选区域的结果。请注意眼睛反映出每

个挤压和拉伸的表情。

手

卡通的手很难画，研究如下所示的手。手应该被不规则的放置以防单调.

画手，开始就好像它是一个连指手套（图a和b）,然后按这个形状添加两个中指（图c）。

现在画小指，改变其位置防止单调（图d）。夸大拇指部分也是一个好主意。

更多的手

从铳子中画出你自己的手（筒体）.它们这样出现就像它们在画画一样。

可爱的角色

可爱的小猫

1、用圆形和椭圆形画出小猫的身体.2、添加透视指南。3、画出眼睛和嘴巴。4、画出耳朵

和腿.5、添加细节完成一只猫。

注意用大的爪子增加猫的可爱，

更多复杂的姿势，就需要更多的步骤完成。