阅读理解题型分类练(八)　词句猜测题-单词猜测类课件高三英语复习

阅读理解题型分类练(八)词句猜测题——单词猜测类A(2025·湖南部分学校大联考)Asthefirstgirlinmyfamily,IwasborninVenezuela,twelvemonthstothedaybeforeoneofthebiggestearthquakesinthecountry'shistorystruckthecapitalcityCaracasin1967.I'vealwaysseenthisasasignofmydestiny.Disastershavethepotentialtosetbackanation'sdevelopmentforyearsandevendecades.However,mypersonalexperienceshavetaughtmethattheextentofdamageoftendependsonwhetherthereisacultureofpreventionwithintheaffectedsociety.IrecallatimewhenIwaslivinginanapartmentbuildingwhenamoderateearthquakestruck.Myreaction,aftertheimmediate“drop,cover,holdon”reflexes(反射动作),wastohopethatthebuildingwouldprovetobestructurallysound.Astheshakingslowlystopped,Iranoutsidetowaitforpossibleaftershocks.Myfears,thankfully,didnothappen.Ithadresistedthequakebecauseitfollowedthecountry'sbuildingcodes.Occasionslikethisshowthenecessityofhavingupdatedbuildingcodesthatincludelessonslearnedfrompastdisasters.Hadthebuildingnotfollowedtheseupdatedcodes,Imaynothavesurvived.Thisexperiencehasonlystrengthenedmybeliefinthevalueofpreventioninmitigatingtheimpactofdisasters.IhavespentthepasttwoyearsworkingontheBuiltEnvironmentinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanProject.Theprojecthasdevelopedrisk-informedpoliciesandengineeringtechniquesinthesixcountriesthatwereselectedfortheirparticularlyhighexposuretoearthquakes.Thisprojectfitsperfectlywithmyprofessionalandpersonalgoals,asitcombinesmypassionandexperienceinriskreduction.LikethethirdlittlepiginthetaleofThree

Little

Pigs,whoputsresilience(韧性)aboveconveniencewhilebuildinghishousefrombricks,I'mcommittedtobuildingaframeworkofpreventionandresilience,asIknowthatearlyactiontodaycanpreventproblemstomorrow.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，作者出生于委内瑞拉，在该国首都发生地震的前一年出生，这让作者认为自己与地震相关工作有某种命运联系。作者通过自身经历深刻认识到预防的重要性。作者还参与相关项目，致力于构建预防和抗灾框架。1．Whatdoestheauthorrefertoasherdestiny？(

)A．Rebuildingcitiesafterdisasters.B．Experiencingmanyearthquakes.C．Doingworkrelatedtoearthquakes.D．UpdatingbuildingcodesinVenezuela．答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段以及最后一段可知，作者将从事与地震相关的工作视为自己的命运。故选C。2．WhydidtheearthquakementionedinParagraph3impresstheauthor？(

)A．Sherealizedthedangerofearthquakes.B．Shefeltshedidnotrespondwellenough.C．Shewasveryluckytoescapewithherlife.D．Sherecognizedtheimportanceofprevention.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Ithadresistedthequakebecauseitfollowedthecountry'sbuildingcodes.”

以及第四段中“Thisexperiencehasonlystrengthenedmybeliefinthevalueofpreventioninmitigatingtheimpactofdisasters.”

可知，第三段提到的地震给作者留下深刻印象是因为她认识到了预防的重要性。故选D。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigating”inParagraph4mean？(

)A．Causing.B．Reducing.C．Ignoring.D．Avoiding.答案：B解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Ithadresistedthequakebecauseitfollowedthecountry'sbuildingcodes.”和第四段中

“Thisexperiencehasonlystrengthenedmybeliefinthevalueofpreventioninmitigatingtheimpactofdisasters.”并结合前文提到建筑遵循规范抵御地震，可知预防是为了“减轻”灾害影响。故选B。4．WhatdoesthetaleofThree

Little

Pigsimply？(

)A．Teamworkmattersinpreventingdisasters.B．Riskreductionworkrequiresalotofskills.C．Damagecausedbydisasterscanbeavoided.D．Buildinghousesneedspassionandexperience.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“就像《三只小猪》故事里的第三只小猪，用砖头盖房子时把韧性置于便利之上，我致力于构建一个预防和具备韧性的框架，因为我知道今日尽早行动，明日便可防患于未然。”

可知，《三只小猪》的故事暗示通过像第三只小猪一样注重韧性(预防措施)，灾害造成的损害是可以避免的。故选C。B(2025·苏州高三模拟卷)Herchronological(按时间计算的)ageis66buthersubjectiveageis40.ThewomanI'llcallAnadidnotbecomefullyawareofthisdisconnectuntilshewentforherCovid-19vaccination(接种疫苗)acoupleofyearsago.Asshestoodinline,surroundedbyhercontemporaries,shelookedaroundandthought:Aretheyreallymyage?Later,amusedandslightlyworried,shediscusseditwithherfriends.Almostallofthemsaidthesamethinghadhappenedtothem.Whydosomeofusfeelthatthenumberofcandlesonourbirthdaycakecan'tberight?Psychologistsandscientistshavebeenstudyingthisphenomenonsincethe1970s.Somewonderabouttheculturalfactorsthatpushustolookyounger.A1989studybytheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationconcludedthatsubjectiveageidentitiesare“aformofdefensivedenialbywhichadultscandisassociatethemselvesfromthestigmaattachedtogrowingold”．BelénAlfonsoagrees.Thepsychologistspecializingingenderstudiesdoesn'tbelieveamaturepersonshouldbeblamedforperceivingthemselves,orpresentingthemselvestoothers,asyounger,butshearguesthatweneedtounderstandthesocialcontextthatpushesthemtodoso.“Havingasubjectiveageof20whenweare65,forexample,suggeststhatweseeourselvesasenergetic,strong,attractive.Butwhycan'tweassociatethosequalitieswithbeing65？”TakeMadonna．Thesinger,whois65,haslongbeencriticizedforhowshepresentsherself:awomanconfidentinherself.Judgingbythecommentsonsocialmedia,manypeopleseethisasabigproblem—theybelievethatawomaninher60sshouldcoverherselfupandnotattractattention.InastatementpostedonInstagramearlierthisyear,thesingerrespondedtothehaters:“IhaveneverapologizedforanyofthecreativechoicesIhavemade,northewaythatIlookordress,andI'mnotgoingtostart.”Atthehigh-schoolreunion,wemayfeelwearethebest-preservedofourfellowalumni(校友).That'sokay,butit'snotreal.However,seeingyourselfasyoungercanbegoodforyourphysicalandmentalhealth.So,foreveryoung,totheend,likeMadonna．【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了主观年龄与客观年龄的差异及其背后的社会文化因素，并通过麦当娜的例子论证了保持年轻心态的积极意义。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stigma”inParagraph2mean？(

)A．Value.

B．Prejudice.C．Disability.D．Inconvenience.答案：B解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“aformofdefensivedenialbywhichadultscandisassociatethemselvesfromthe(一种防御性的否认形式，通过这种方式，成年人能够将自己与……隔离开来)”可知，“stigma”指社会对变老的负面态度，即“偏见”。故选B。6．WhyisMadonnamentionedinParagraph4？(

)A．Toillustratetheinfluenceofsocialcontext.B．Tocriticizethosewhodismissherasinappropriate.C．Tointroduceasingerwhohasenjoyedgreatpopularity.D．Toargueforthosewhopresentthemselvesregardlessofage.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第四段可知，第四段中为何会提到麦当娜是为那些不顾年龄而展现自我的人进行辩护。故选D。7．Whatistrueaccordingtothepassage？(

)A．Theperceptionofageisafreshlyraisedstudytopic.B．Womenaremoreeagertopresentthemselvesthanmen.C．Itisrareforpeopletoperceivethemselvesyoungerthantheyare.D．Youngersubjectiveagehelpsboostmentalandphysicalhealth.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“在高中同学聚会上，我们可能会觉得自己是同窗中最精神饱满的那个。这没什么问题，但那并非真实情况。不过，把自己想象得更年轻对你的身心健康是有好处的。所以，永远保持年轻的状态，直到生命的尽头，就像麦当娜那样。”可知，较年轻的主观年龄有助于促进身心健康。故选D。8．Whichqualityistheauthormostlikelytovalue？(

)A．Stayingyoungatheart.B．Beingbraveinbehaviour.C．Beinghonestaboutage.D．Remainingattractiveinappearance.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“So,foreveryoung,totheend,likeMadonna．”可知，作者最有可能看重保持一颗年轻的心态。故选A。C(2025·江西省部分校高三联考)TheProduceAggregationProgram,runbySouthsideCommunityLandTrust(SCLT),connectssmall-scaleurbanfarmerswithlocalcommunitiesinneedofhealthyfood.Theprogramcollectsandprocessescropsfrommultiplefarmers,combiningthemintolargerquantitiesforwholesaledistribution.Thishelpsovercomechallengessmallfarmsface,suchaslimitedproductioncapacityandlackofaccesstoprocessingfacilitiesanddistributionnetworks.SCLToperatesafarm-to-marketprocessingcenterandmanageslogistics(后勤)forregulardistribution.Theprogramsupports27farmers,manyofwhomarerefugees,immigrants,ormembersofmarginalizedcommunities.Whilemanyofthefarmersstillrelyonfarmers'markets,theprogramprovidesamorestableincomesource.Twiceweeklyduringthegrowingseason,SCLTordersproducefromparticipatingfarmers,whodeliverittothefoodhub.There,itissortedandpackedinto$20-valuebags,eachcontainingavarietyoffreshproduce.Thesearedistributedatnocostthroughcommunitypartnerssuchasclinics,recreationcenters,andchildcareprograms.SomeclinicsdistributetheproducethroughVeggieRx,aprogramwheredoctorsprescribe(开处方)vegetablestopatients.TheprogramiscurrentlyfundedbytheLocalFoodPurchaseAssistanceCooperativeAgreementProgram,whichwaslaunchedtosupportunderservedfarmersandincreasefoodaccess.However,fundinguncertaintyremainsachallenge.Risingcosts,supplychainissues,limitedlandavailability,andclimatechangealladdstraintofoodassistanceprograms.Despitetheseobstacles,SCLTcontinuesitsyear-roundworktoimprovefoodaccess.InadditiontotheProduceAggregationProgram,thenonprofitsupports60communitygardens,offerstraining,andrunseducationalprogramsandinternships.Altogether,itseffortsprovidehealthy,culturallyrelevantfoodtoabout1，200familiesannually,withthesupportoflocalfarmers,volunteers,andcommunitypartners.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍农产品聚合计划帮助小农户和社区的情况。9．WhatdoestheProduceAggregationProgrammainlydoforsmallfarms？(

)A．Improvetheirproductionability.B．Gathercropsforlargesales.C．Offerfreeprocessingequipment.D．Sharpentheirplantingskills.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“Theprogramcollectsandprocessescropsfrommultiplefarmers,combiningthemintolargerquantitiesforwholesaledistribution.(该计划收集并加工来自多个农民的农作物，将它们合并成更大的数量进行批发分销。)”可知，农产品集散计划的核心功能是将多个小农场的农产品收集起来，合并成更大的数量以便进行批发销售。故选B。10．HowdoestheProduceAggregationProgramensurestableincomeforfarmers？(

)A．Byhiringthemtodofarmwork.B．Byaddingproducevariety.C．Bycountingonfarmermarkets.D．Byprovidingordersregularly.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Whilemanyofthefarmersstillrelyonfarmers'markets,theprogrampro