雅思（阅读）模拟试卷10

雅思(阅读)模拟试卷10

一、综合题(本题共40题，每题1.0分，共40分。)

READINGPASSAGEIYoushouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,which

arebasedonReadingPassage1below.Cleaner,AbundantFuels

AttractingRecordInvestmentARenewableenergycapturedfromthewind,sun.

Earth'sheat,tides,andfromsmalldamsisdrawingrecordlevelsofinvestmentaspoor

villagersandentirenationsalikeseekclean,abundantwaystofueleconomicgrowth.

Globalinvestmentinrenewableenergysetanewrecordof$30billionin2004,

according(oanewreportfromtheRenewableEnergyPolicyNetworkforthe21sl

Century(REN21).Technologiessuchaswind,solanbiomass,geothermal,andsmall

hydronowprovide160gigawattsofelectricitygeneratingcapacity—aboutfourpercentof

theworldtotal-thereportsaid.Theyaregrowingatratesofiuound20-30percentper

year,however,comparedtotwoorthreepercentforoilandgas.B"Renewable

energyhasbecomebigbusiness,"saidEricNdartinot,leadauthorofthestudy,

"Renewables2005:GlobalStatusReport."Martinot,aseniorfellowattheWashington,

D.C.—basedthinktankWorldwatchInstituteandalectureratTsinghuaUniversityin

Beijing,saidrenewableenergyhasattractedsomeoftheworld'slargestcompanies,

includingGeneralElectric,Siemens,Sharp,andRoyalDutchShell.Thereportestimated

thatnearly40millionhouseholdsworldwideheattheirwaterwithsolarcollectors,most

oftheminstalledinthelastfiveyears.Altogether,renewableenergyindustriesprovide

1.7millionjobs,mostofthemskilledandwellpaid.CMartinetand100—plus

researchersinmore(han20countriesassessedseveralrenewabletechnologies:small

hydro(meaningsmalldams),modernbiomass(agriculturalwaste,forexample),wind,

solar,geothermal,andbiofuelssuchasethanolandbiodiesel.Thesetechnologiesnow

competewithconventionalfuelsinfourdistinctmarkets:powergeneration,hotwater

andspaceheating,transportationfuels,andrural(off-grid)energysupplies.D

Renewableenergyisgaininginpopularitybecauseitisconsideredtobeininfinite

supply-unlikeoil,coal,andgas—andbecauseitinvolveslinleornopollutioncompared

tothosefossilfuels.Scientistsblametheburningoffossilfuelsforthereleaseofcarbon

dioxideandothergreenhousegasesthatstokeglobalclimatechanges,whichinturnarc

intensifyingdroughtsinsomepartsoftheworld,floodsandstormsinothers,andthe

spreadoftropicaldiseasestotemperatezones.EAdditionally,renewableenergies

couldempowermillionsofpoorandvulnerablepeoplewholackaccesstoreliable,

affordable,andcleanmodernenergyservices,U.N.Secretary-GeneralKofiAnnansaid

inamessagetotheBeijingInternationalRenewableEnergyConference,whichopened

Monday.Annansaidthatrisingoilpriceshavehitoil-importingdevelopingcountries

especiallyhardandunderscore(heneedforalternativeenergysupplies.Accordingtothe

REN21report,governmentsupportforrenewableenergyisgrowingrapidly.Atleast48

countriesnowhavesometypeofrenewableenergypromotionpolicy,including14

developingcountries.Typically,theyincludetargetstoensurethatrenewablesources

generate5-30percentofenergyuseinagivencountrybyaround2010-2012.FThe

renewablesector'sprospectsappearedtoreceiveafurtherboostMonday,whenChina

announceditwasraisingitstargetforrelianceonrenewableenergyevenasit

acknowledgedthatcoalwouldremainitsprimarysourceforelectricityfordecadesto

come.Renewableenergyshouldaccountfor15percentofnationalconsumptionby2020.

Chinahadpreviouslyaimedtoget10percentofitsenergyfromrenewablesourcesby

2020.GMandatesforblendingbiofuelsintovehiclefuelshavebeenenactedin20—

plusstatesandprovincesworldwideaswellasinthreekeycountries-Brazil,China,and

India—thereportsaid.Governmentleadershiphasensuredmarketsuccess,accordingto

REN2I,whichiscomposedofrepresentativesofgovernmentsandnon-governmental

organizations.Marketleadersinrenewableenergyin2004includedBrazilinbiofuels,

Chinainsolarhotwater,Gennanyinsolarelectricity,andSpaininwindpower,the

reportsaid.HThefastestgrowingenergytechnologyiniheworldisgrid-connected

solarphotovoltaic(PV),existingcapacityofwhichblossomedbysixtypercentperyear

from2000-2004,tocovermore由an400000rooftopsinJapan,Germany,andtheUnited

States,itfound.Windpowercamesecond,withgeneratingcapacitygrowingby28

percentlastyearwithalmostseventeengigawattsinstalledasof2004.Productionof

ethanol,biodiesel,andotherbiofuelsexceeded33billionlitersin2004,whenethanol

displacedaboutthreepercentofthe1200billionlitersofgasolineproducedglobally.I

Anestimated$500milliongoestodevelopingcountrieseachyearasdevelopment

assistanceforrenewableenergyprojects,training,andmarketsupport,withtheGerman

DevelopmentFinanceGroup(KfW),theWorldBankGroup,andtheGlobal

EnvironmentFacility(GEF)providingthemiyorityofthesefunds,anddozensofother

donorsandprogramsprovidingtherest,thereportsaid.Morethan4.5million"green"

powerconsumersinEurope,theUnitedStates,Canada,Australia,andJapanpurchased

renewableelectricityin2004,itadded.Asiaisseenasavastmarketforrenewable

energyasitseekstomeetgrowingdemandforpowertofeedrapideconomicexpansion

amidrunawayoilprices.

1、Questions1-4Thetexthas9paragraphs(A-I).Whichparagraphcontainseachofthe

followingpiecesofinformation?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

2、*

标准答案：G

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、*

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、*

标准答案：I

知识点解析：哲无解析

5、Questions5-8CompletethefollowingsentencesusingNOMORETHANTHREE

WORDSfromthetext.

标准答案：Biomasstechnologycanuse.

知识点解析：暂无解析

6、*

标准答案：Governmentswithrenewableenergypoliciesusuallysetfor

renewableenergyuse.

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、*

标准答案：ThemostimportantsourceofenergyforChinain2020isexpectedtobe

知识点解析:暂无解析

8、*

标准答案：EconomicexpansionandhighoilpricesmeanthatAsiancountriesare

fbrrenewablesourcesofenergy.

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、Questions9-13Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgivenin

ReadingPassage1?Inboxes9-13onyouranswersheetwriteTRUEifthe

informationinthetextagreeswiththestatementFALSEiftheinformationinthetext

contradictsthestatementNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis

A、真

B、假

C、NOTGIVEN

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

10、*

A、真

B、假

C、NOTGIVEN

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

11、*

A、真

B、假

C、NOTGIVEN

标准答案:A

知识点解析：暂无解析

12、*

A、真

B、假

C、NOTGIVEN

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、*

A、真

B、假

C^NOTGIVEN

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

READINGPASSAGE2Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions14-26,which

arebasedonReadingPassage2below.AGiodetp

WomenomicsAInrichcountries,girlsnowdobelteratschoolthanboys,more

womenaregettinguniversitydegrees(hanmenareandfemalesarefillingmostnewjobs.

Arguably,womenarenowthemostpowerfulengineofglobalgrowth.In1950onlyone-

thirdofAmericanwomenofworkingagehadapaidjob.Todaytwo-thirdsdo,and

womenmakeupalmosthalfofAmerica'sworkforce.Since1950men'semploymentrate

hasslidby12percentagepoints,to77%.Infact,almosteverywheremorewomenarc

employedandthepercentageofmenwithjobshasfallen-althoughinsomecountriesthe

feminisationoftheworkplacestillhasfartogo:inItalyandJapan,women'sshareofjobs

isstill40%orless.BTheincreaseinfemaleemploymentindevelopedcountrieshas

beenaidedbyabigshiftinthetypeofjobsonoffer.Manufacturingwork,traditionallya

malepreserve,hasdeclined,whilejobsinserviceshaveexpanded.Thishasreducedthe

demandformanuallabourandputthesexesonamoreequalfooting.Inthedeveloping

world,too,morewomennowhavepaidjobs.IntheemergingEastAsianeconomies,fbr

every100meninthelabourforcetherearenow83women,highereventhantheaverage

inOECDcountries.WomenhavebeenparticularlyimportanttothesuccessofAsia's

exportindustries,typicallyaccountingfor60-80%ofjobsinmanyexportsectors,suchas

textilesandclothing.COfcourse,itismisleadingtotalkofwomen's"entry"into

theworkforce.Besidesformidemployment,womenhavealwaysworkedinthehome,

lookingafterchildren,cleaningorcooking,butbecausethisisunpaid,itisnotcountedin

theofficialstatistics.Tosomeextent,theincreaseinfemalepaidemploymenthasmeant

fewerhoursofunpaidhousework.However,thevalueofhouseworkhasfallenbymuch

lessthanthetimespentonit,becauseoftheincreasedproductivityaffordedby

dishwashers,washingmachinesandsoforth.Paidnanniesandcleanersemployedby

workingwomennowalsodosomeworkthatusedtobelonginthenon-marketeconomy.

DTheincreaseinfemaleemploymenthasalsoaccountedforahigchunkofglobal

growthinrecentdecades.GDPgrowthcancomefromthreesources:employingmore

people;usingmorecapitalperworker;oranincreaseintheproductivityoflabourand

capitalduetonewtechnology.Since1970womenhavefilledtwonewjobsfbreveryone

takenbyaman.Back-of-(he-envelopecalculationssuggestthattheemploymentofextra

womenhasnotonlyaddedmoretoGDPthannewjobsformenbuthasalsochippedin

morethaneithercapitalinvestmentorincreasedproductivity.Carveuptheworld's

economicgrowthadifferentwayandanothersurprisingconc'usionemerges:overthe

pastdecadeorso,theincreasedemploymentofwomenindevelopedeconomicshas

contributedmuchmoretoglobalgrowth.Womenarebecomingmoreimportantinthe

globalmarketplacenotjustasworkers,butalsoasconsumers,entrepreneurs,managers

andinvestors.Womenhavetraditionallydonemostofthehouseholdshopping,butnow

(heyhavemoremoneyoftheirowntospend.Surveyssuggestthatwomenmakeperhaps

80%ofconsumers'buyingdecisions--fromhealthcareandhomestofurnitureand(bod.

EWomen'sshareoftheworkforcehasalimit.InAmericaithasalreadystalled.

However,therewillstillbealotofscopeforwomentobecomemoreproductiveasthey

makebetteruseoftheirqualirlcations.Atschool,girlsconsistentlygetbettergrades,and

inmostdevelopedcountrieswelloverhalfofalluniversitydegreesarenowbeing

awardedtowomen.InAmerica140womenenrolinhighereducationeachyearforevery

100men;inSwedenthenumberisashighas150.(Thereare,however,only90female

Japanesestudentsforevery100males.)Inyearstocomebettereducatedwomenwill

takemoreofthetopjobs.Atpresent,forexample,inBritainmorewomenthanmentrain

asdoctorsandlawyers,butrelativelyfewareleadingsurgeonsorpartnersinlawfirms.

Themainreasonwhywomenstillgetpaidlessonaveragethanmenisnotthattheyarc

paidlessforthesamejobsbutthattheytendnottoclimbsofarupthecareerladder,or

theychooselower-paidoccupations,suchasnursingandteaching.Thispatternislikely

tochange.FMakingbetteruseofwomen'sskillsisnotjustamatteroffairness.

Plentyofstudiessuggestthatitisgoodforbusiness,too.Womenaccountforonly7%of

directorsontheworld'scorporateboards—15%inAmerica,butlessthan1%inJapan.

YetastudybyCatalyst,aconsultancy,found(hatAmericancompanieswithmore

womeninseniormanagemenijobsearnedahigherreturnonequitythanthosewithfewer

womenatthetop.Thismightbebecausemixedteamsofmenandwomenarebetterthan

single-sexgroupsatsolvingproblemsandspottingexternalthreats.Studieshavealso

suggestedthatwomenareoftenbetterthanmenatbuildingteamsandcommunicating.G

Inpoorcountriestoo,theunder-utilisationofwomenstuntseconomicgrowth.Astudy

lastyearbytheWorldEconomicForumfoundaclearcorrelationbetweensexequality

(measuredbyeconomicparticipation,education,healthandpoliticalempowerment)and

GDPperhead.Correlationdoesnotprovethedirectionofcausation.However,other

studiesalsosuggestthatinequalitybetweenthesexesharmslong-termgrowth.In

particular,thereisstrongevidencethateducatinggirlsboostsprosperity.Itisprobably

thesinglebestinvestmentthatcanbemadeinthedevelopingworld.Notonlyarebetter

educatedwomenmoreproductive,buttheyraisehealthier,beltereducatedchildren.

Thereishugepotentialtoraiseincomeperheadindevelopingcountries,wherefewer

girlsgotoschool(hanboys.Morethantwo-thirdsoftheworld'silliterateadultsare

women.HItissometimesarguedthatitisshort-sightedtogelmorewomeninto

paidemployment.Themorewomengoout(owork,itissaid,thefewerchildren(here

willbeandthelowergrowthwillbeinthelongrun.Yetthefactssuggestotherwise.Data

showsthatcountrieswithhighfemalelabourparticipationrates,suchasSweden,tendto

havehigherfertilityratesthanGermany,ItalyandJapan,wherefewerwomenwork.

Indeed,thedeclineinfertilityhasbeengreatestinseveralcountrieswherefemale

employmentislow.

14>Questions14-17Thetexthas8paragraphs(A-H).Whichparagraphdoeseachofthe

followingheadingsbestfit?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、*

标准答案：H

知识点解析：暂无解析

16、*

标准答案：E

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、*

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、Questions18-22Accordingtothetext,FIVEofthefollowingstatementsaretrue.

Writethecorrespondinglettersinanswerboxes18to22inaryorder.[A]Ahigher

percentageofItalianwomenhavejobsthanJapanesewomen.[B]Morewomenthanmen

workinAsia'stextileindustries.[C]Thevalueofhouseworkisnotincludedinofficial

statistics.[D]Researchshowsthatmenmakemorepurchasingdecisionsthanwomen.[E]

MostsurgeonsinBritainarewomen.[F]Firmswithmorewomeninseniormanagement

offerhigherinvestmentreturns.|G]Mostilliteratepeopleintheworldarewomen.[HJ

Somepeoplethinkthatlowerbirthratesleadtolowereconomicgrowth.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、*

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

20、*

标准答案：F

知识点解析：暂无解析

21、*

标准答案：G

知识点解析：暂无解析

22、*

标准答案：H

知识点解析：暂无解析

23、Questions23-26Accordingtotheinformationgiveninthetext,choosethecorrect

answeroranswersfirmthechoicesgiven.

AsAmericanwomenwithjobshasincreased.

B、Americanmenwithjobshasdecreased.

C、JapaneseandItalianwomenwithjobshasremainedstable.

标准答案：AB

知识点解析：暂无解析

24、*

A、increasingthesizeoftheworkforce.

B、givingsharestoworkers.

C、usingmoreadvancedtechnology.

标准答案：AC

知识点解析：暂无解析

25、*

A^buildingteams.

B、solvingproblems.

C、communicating.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

26、*

A、sexequalityleadstohigherGDP.

B、thereisaconnectionbetweensexequalityandGDP.

C、highereducationleadstoahigherGDP.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

READINGPASSAGE3Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40.which

arebasedonReadingPassage3below.ALibraryat

YourFingertipsAfewyearsago,attheheightofthedotcomboom,itwaswidely

assumedthatapublishingrevolution,inwhichtheprintedwordwouldbesupplantedby

thecomputerscreen,wasjustaroundthecorner.Itwasn't:formany,thereisstilllittleto

matchthejoyofcrackingthespineofagoodbookandsettlingdownforanhourortwo

ofreading.Arecentflurryofactivitybybigtechnologycompanies—includingGoogle,

Amazon,MicrosoftandYahoo!"suggeststhatthedreamofbringingbooksonlineisstill

verymuchalive.Thedigitisingofthousandsofvolumesofprintisnotwithout

controversy.OnThursdayNovember3rd.Google,theworld'smostpopularsearch

engine,postedafirstinstalmentofbooksonGooglePrint,aninitiativefirstmooteda

yearago.ThiscollaborativeeffortbetweenGoogleandseveraloftheworld'sleading

researchlibrariesaimstomakemanythousandsofbooksavailabletobesearchedand

readonlinefreeofcharge.Althoughthebooksincludedsofararenotcoveredby

copyright,theplanhasattractedtheireofpublishers.Fivelargebookfirmsare

suingGoogleforviolatingcopyrightonmaterialthatithasscannedand,althoughoutof

print,isstillprotectedbylawGooglehassaidthatitwillonlypublishshortextractsfrom

materialundercopyrightunlessgivenexpresspermissiontopublishmore,butpublishers

arcunconvinced.Ironically,manypublishersarccollaboratingwithGoogleonaseparate

venture,GooglePrintPublisher,whichaimstogivereadersanonlinetasteofbooksthat

arecommerciallyavailable.Thesearchablecollectionofextractsandbookinformationis

intendedtotemptreaderstobuythecompletebooksonlineorinprintform.Notto

beoutdone,Amazon,theworld'slargestonlineretailer,hasunveiledplansforilsown

forayintothemasse-bookmarket.Thefirm,whichbegan(enyearsagoasanonline

bookretailer,nowsellsavestarrayofgoods.Nodoubtpiqued(hatGoogle,arelative

newcomer,shouldimpingeuponitscentralterritory,AmazonrevealedonThursdaythat

itwouldintroducetwonewservices.AmazonPageswillallowcustomerstosearchfor

keytermsinselectedbooksandthenbuyandreadonlinewhateverparitheywish,from

individualpagestochaptersorcompleteworks.AmazonUpgradewillgivecustomers

onlineaccesstobookstheyhavealreadypurchasedashardcopies.Cutomersarelikelyto

havetopayaroudfivecentsapage,withthebulkgoingtothepublisher.Microsoft,

too,hasjoinedtheonline-bockbandwagon.AttheendofOctober,thesoftwaregiant

saiditwouldspendaround$200milliontodigitisetexts,startingwith150000thatare

inthepublicdomain,toavoidlegalproblems.ItwilldosoincollaborationwiththeOpen

ContentAlliance,aconsortiumoflibrariesanduniversities.(Yahoo!haspledgedtomake

18000booksavailableonlineinconjunctionwiththesameorganisation.)OnThursday,

coincidentallythesamedayasGoogleandAmazonannouncedtheirinitiatives,

MicrosoftreleaseddetailsofadealwiththeBritishLibrary,thecountry'smainreference

library,todigitisesome25millionpages,thesewillbemadeavailablethroughMSN

BookSearch,whichwillbelaunchednextyear.Thesecompaniesarchopingfora

returntothelevelsofinterestinc-booksseenwhenStephenKing,abest-sellinghorror

writer,published"RidingtheBullet'1exclusivelyontheinterr.etin2000.Halfamillion

copiesweredownloadedinthefirst48hoursafterpublication.Thisprovedtobeahigh-

watermarkratherthanatasteofthingstocome.Whilebuyerswerereluctanttositin

frontofacomputerscreentoreadthelatestnovels,dedicatede-book-readinggadgets

failedtocatchon.BarnesandNoble,aleadingAmericanbookshopchain,beganselling

e-bookswithfanfarein2000butquietlypulledtheplugin2003asinterestfaded.

Themarketfore-booksisgrowingagain,thoughfromatinybase.Accordingtothe

InternationalDigitalPublishingForum,whichcollatesfiguresfrommanyoftheworld's

toppublishers,inthethirdquarterof2004worldwidesaleswere25%higherthanthe

yearbefore.Unfortunately,thisonlyamountedtoapaltry$3.2millionsplitbetween23

publishersinanindustrythatmadesalesworthover$100billionthatyear.Both

retailersandpublishersreckontheywilleventuallyheabletopersuadeconsumerstodoa

lotmoreoftheirreadingontheweb.Someevenhopetheycanbecometoonlinebooks

whatApple'siTunesistoonlinemusic.Therearecrucialdifferencesbetween

downloadingfictionanddownloadingfunk.Onlinemusicwasdrivenfromthebottom

up:illegalfile-sharingservicesbecamewildlypopular,andlegalfirmslatertookover

whenthepirateswereforced(byawaveoflawsuits)toretreat;thelegalprovidersare

confidentthatmoreandmoreconsumerswillpaysmallsumsformusicrather(han

remainbeyondthelaw.TheiPodmusicplayeranditslikehaveprovedafashionableand

popularnewwaytolistentosongs.Thebookworldhasnoequivalent.Sothe

commercialprospectsforsellersofonlinebooksdonotyetlookverybright.Theymay