小学英语语法小结

小学英语语法小结

I、名词：有可数名词和不可数名词。

2、可数名词有单数和、复数之分。

[I]名词复数形式的构成规则：

[2]一般在名词词尾“s”

[31如：tcachci-teachersegg—eggs

[4]以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词加'“es”

如:class-classesbox—boxesbus—buseswatch一watches

【5】以辅音字母+y的名词变y为i加es

[6]如：story-storieslibrary-librariesdictionary-dictionaries

hobby——hobbies

以f,fe结尾的名词，变f,fc为v加es

iU:life-livesleaf-leaveshalf-halves

knife-kniveswolf-wolveswife一wives

[7]以o结尾的名词英雄芒果土豆西红柿”加es

[8]如：hero-heroesmango-mangoespotato-potatoestomato-tomatoes

[9]其余加s

如：zoo一zooskilo-kilosradio—radiosphoto—photospiano—pianos

[10]不规则名词单复数形式

如：child—childrenman一menwoman—women

foot-feettooth-teeth

[111有的可数名词单、复数形式相同

如：Japanese>Chinese,sleep.......

3、如：.hav.on.sleep.H.ha.tw.sleep...

4、不可数名词没有复数形式

不可数名词有：

[I]milkswaterjuice>lea、ice;

[2]food、rice、meal、fish、chicken、bread、cheese;

[3]paper>newspaper>hair>lime、money>homeworkhousework;

不可数名词的的数量常表示如下

Twobottlesofmilkacupofjuicehalfakiloof

cheese

abigofricethreekilosofmeatsomewater

一、‘人称代词

人称代Iweyouhesheitthey

词包括

主格和

宾格。主

格在句

中作主

卜口，XS

格用于

动词或

介词后

作宾语。

主格

宾格meusyouhimheritthem

我你们你、你们他她它他、她、它们

W.ar.goin.t.hav..picnic...Le.u.go.

.mis.everyon.i.Chin...VVh.ca.hel.m..

Wha.i.h.doin.H.i.tryin.t.ge.o.th.bus.

Loo.a.him..

Sh.can,.heat..Thi.do.hdp.her.

二、Tel.m.mor.abou.th.Grea.Wall.

三、物主代词

物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。

形容词性物主代词后需践名词，名词性物主代词后不用跟。

名词性物主代词含义=形容词性物主代词+名词的含义。

形容词性物myouryourhisheritstheir

主代词

名词性物主mineoursyourshishersitstheirs

代词

我的你的、你他的她的它的他、她、它

们的们的

Thi.i.m.book.=Thi.boo.i.minc.

Thisishiebag二Thisbagishis.

Yourwatchisold,buthersisnew.

Thanksgivingismyfavouritefestival.

W.sayuThin.youwfo.ou.foodjamil.an.friends.

四、疑问词

who谁whal什么when什么时候where哪里

whattime几点why为什么how怎么whose谁的

howmuch多少howmany多少howold多大

whatcolour什么颜色howlong多长whatday那天

1、对人物提问用who

Whogaveittoyou?

Simon'.famil.gav.i.l.me.

2、Wh.ca.hel.m...ca.hel.you.

3、对事物或做某事提问用what

Whatdoyouwant?Iwantahotdog.

WhatareyoudoingIamreadingabook.

WhatareyougoingtostudyI'mgoingtostudyEnglish.

Whatareyougoingtodo

We'regoingtowalkaroundthelake.

What'.i.abou..It*.abou.animals.

3.对时间提问用when

Whenarcyougoingtoeat

We'regoingtoeatatha:fpast【welve.

WhenwashebomHewasbornin1809.

4.对点钟提问用whattime

WhattimeisitIt'stwelve.

WhattimedoyougetupIgetupalsixo'clock.

5、对地点提问用where

WherewashebomHewasborninFrance.

Whereareyou1amon[hetrain.

Where'syourmumShe'sat〔hesuDeirnarket.

6、对原因提问用why

Whyareyouwearingaraincoat

Becauseit'sgoingtorain.

7、对身体状态或方式用how

HowareyouI'mfine.

Howareyougoingtogotoschool

I'mgoingtogotoschoolbybus.

8、对价钱等不可数名词的数量用howmuch

Howmuchisit

It'sIhirlccndollarsandtwenty-fivecents.

Howmuchmilkdoyouwant

Iwanttwobottlesofmilk.

9、对可数名词的数量提问用howmany

Howmanybooksaretheyonthedesk

Therearethreebooksonthedesk.

10、对年龄提问用howold

Howoldareyourmtwelve.

11、对"某人的"提问用whose

WhosecapisthisIt'sAmy'scap.

Whosepenisthath'shispen.

12、对颜色提问川whatcolour

WhatcolourisitIt'sblack.

13、对颜色提问用whatday

WhatdayisittodayIt\Monday.

14、对长度提问用howlong

Howlongisit

It'saboutsixthousandsevenhundredkilometers.

特殊疑问句语序：疑问词+一般疑问句语序？

例：Howdoyougotoschool?

疑问词【做主语】+谓词动词+……?

例：Wegaveittoyou?

五、时态

1.一般过去时

表示过去某个时间发生时的动作或存在的状态。经常与表示过去的时间连

用。如yesterday【昨天】，lastweek

【上周】，lastmonth【上个月】，lastyear【去年】，two

mothsago【两个月前】等。

构成：【1】肯定句：主语+动词过去式+……

Hemadeavideo.

否定句：主语+didn't+动词原形+……

Hedidn'tmakeavideo.

一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+……

Didhemakeavideo

[2]be动词用was,were.否定句在was,were后加noto

一般疑问句把was,were提前道句首。

ShewasborninAmerica.

ShewasnotborninAmerica.

WassheborninAmerica

2.现在进行时

表示现在进行的动作

构成：主语+am/is/are+现在分词+...

Thebirdsaresinginginthetrees.

否定句在am/is/are后力】not.

Thebirdsarenotsinginginthetrees.

一般疑问句把am/is/arc提前到句首

Arethebirdssinginginthetrees

3、一般将来时

表示将来某个时间要发生的动词或存在的状态。经常与表示将来的时间连用。

如tomorrow（明天），nex〔week（下周），nextyear（明年）等。

构成：（1）主语+wiH+动词原形+...

Hewillpickuptheapples.

否定句港will后加noto

Hewillnotpickuptheappleso

一般疑问句把will提前到句首。

Willhepickuptheapples?

（2）主语+begoingto+动词原形+...

WcaregoingtostudyFrench«

否定句在am,is,are后加noto

WearenotgoingtostudyFrench。。

一般疑问句把am,is,arc提前到句首。

AreyougoingtostudyFrench?

4.一般现在时

表示经常性，习惯性的动作或存在的状态。

构成：【1】主语+am/is/are+.......

否定句在am/is/are后加not.一般疑问句把am/is/are提前道句首。

HelenKellerisamodelforblindpeopleandforyouandme.

[2]肯定句：主语+动词原形……

Th.duck.lik.it..

否定句:主语+don'1+动词原形+...

Theducksdon'tlikeit.

一般疑问句：Do+主语+动词原形+……？

Dotheduckslikeit

【3】肯定句：主语【三单】+动词第三人称形式+……

Helikesnoodles.

否定句：主语+doesn'H■动词原形+...

Hedoesn'tlikenoodles.

一般疑问句：Does+主语+动词原形+……

Doeshelikenoodles

六、动词过去式形式

规则动词的过去式构成

1、一般在动词词尾加ed

2^如：work—workedplay—playedwatch-watched

3、以e结尾动词在词尾加d

4、ftl:live-lived

以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把y变i再加ed

如:study-studiescopy-copicscry-criescarry-carries

5、有些动词双写最后一个字母再加ed

如：stop-stoppeddrop-dropped

不规则动词的过去式规律性不强，需多加记忆。

动词原形动词过去式动词原形动词过去式

gowentcomecame

becomebecamebringbrought

saysaidputput

teachtaughtcancould

readreadgivegave

am/iswasarewere

dodidflyflew

havehadmakemade

runranseesaw

riderodewinwon

getgottelltold

eatatesendsent

taketookbuybought

si(satmeetmet

writewrotedrawdrew

swimswamfallfell

rinkdrankringrang

七、动词ing形式也是现在分词形式

现在分词的构成规则

1、一般在动词词尾直接加“ing”

sleep—sleepinglook—kx)kingwear-wearingeat—eating

send-sendingsing-singinggo-goingjump-jumping

2、以不发音的e结尾的动词要去掉e再加上“ing”

write-writingcome-comingride-ridinguse-using

have-havingmake-makingtake-takingshine—shining

3、有些动词双写最后一个字母再加“ing”

get-gettingput-puttingsit-sittingrun—running

Swim-swimmingskip-skippingshop-shopping

八、动词第三人称单数形父

动词第三人称单数的构成规则

1、大多数动词在词尾加“s”

stop-stopsmake-makesread-readsplay-plays

以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，先将“y”变为加“es”

fly-fliescarry-carriesstudy-studiesworry-worries

以“s,x,ch,sh,o”结尾,在词尾加es”

teach—teacheswatch-watchesdo-doesgo—goes

九、情态动词can过去式could后加动词原形

.ca.writ.English..ca.carr.thi.bag..ca.hei.you.

W.ca.alway.b.friends.Late.sh.coul.rea.an.write.

否定句在can,could后加not

cannot二can'tcouldnot二couldn'lWecan'tgonow.

.can'.writ.Chinese.Sh.couldn*.se.an.sh.couldn'.hear.

.can'.carr.cvcrything.Hi.friend.canJ.hca.him.

一般疑问句把can,could提前到句首

CanyouswimYes,Ican./No,Ican't.

CanyouspeakEnglishCanIwritetoyourfriends

CanyoubemyChinesepenpalYes,ofcourse.

十、反义词

big-smalllong—shortnew—oldtall-short

young-oldheavy-lighteasy-hard/difficult

up-downearly-latefat-thinwhite-black

cry-laughdifferent-sameinside-outsidehot-cold

happy-sadgood-badclean-dir