北京市朝阳区2025-2026学年高一上学期期末检测英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1北京市朝阳区2025-2026学年高一上学期期末检测英语试题第一部分知识运用(共三节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Afriendcalledmethe“angel”(天使)ofmarathonbecauseI“rescued”arunnerduringamarathon.Forme,nothingismore____1____thanseeingsomeoneintearsbytheroadsideturnintoamedal-weareratthefinish.ThememorableincidenttookplaceattheBrightonMarathon.IwasjoggingalongsideMarian,afellowwalk-runner,whenwesawayoungparticipant____2____atthesideoftheroad.Wewentovertoseeifshewasokay.“I’mrunningwithmytwosisters,butIjustcan’tgoon,”shesaid.Afterensuringthatshewasn’t____3____,Icheeredheron,“Ifyourunwithus,I’msureyou’llbesleepinginyourmedaltonight.JustfocusonthestoriesI’mgoingtotellyouandtheselastthreemileswill____4____.”Duringthenexttwomiles,mystoriesliftedthegirl’sspirits,turninghertearsintoasmile.Her____5____returnedandsheaskedifshecouldgoaheadwithoutus.“Ofcourse,”Isaid,“aslongasyou____6____towaitforusatthefinishsowecantakeaphotoofyouwithyourmedal!”Thegirlandhersistersdidwaitforusandtheyprobablydidn’trealizetheyhadsavedme!Byencouragingmetorecallmy____7____runningstories,shemademeforgetaboutthelegpain.Marian,too,had____8____performedarunnerrescue—notachatrunnerlikemyself,shewasaquietlistener,andwe’dformedanunspokenpartnership.Ifyou,too,fancydoingaspotoflife-saving,don’tforgetthegolden____9____:checkwhethertherunnerisalrightandwhetherthey’dliketoruninsilenceorwouldprefertobe_____10_____.And,makesureyourstoriesareinterestingenough—mostwillhappilyenjoyyourstories.1.A.relaxing B.interesting C.shocking D.satisfying2.A.running B.cheering C.crying D.shouting3.A.injured B.scared C.annoyed D.defeated4.A.goon B.breakdown C.flyby D.dragon5.A.attention B.curiosity C.confidence D.excitement6.A.start B.expect C.offer D.promise7.A.deepest B.funniest C.strangest D.saddest8.A.fortunately B.carefully C.independently D.unknowingly9.A.rules B.plans C.chances D.choices10.A.surprised B.entertained C.protected D.challenged【答案】1.D2.C3.A4.C5.C6.D7.B8.D9.A10.B【语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在布莱顿马拉松中，和同伴一起鼓励一位中途想要放弃的女跑者坚持完成比赛的经历。【1题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，没有什么比看到路边泪流满面的人最终在终点线戴上奖牌更令人满足的了。A.relaxing令人放松的；B.interesting有趣的；C.shocking令人震惊的；D.satisfying令人满足的。根据前文“Afriendcalledmethe“angel”(天使)ofmarathonbecauseI“rescued”arunnerduringamarathon.”，可知作者看到他人因自己的帮助实现目标，内心会产生满足感，故选D。【2题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我正和同为跑走选手的玛丽安并肩慢跑，这时我们看到一位年轻的参赛者在路边哭泣。A.running跑步；B.cheering欢呼；C.crying哭泣；D.shouting大喊。根据后文“turninghertearsintoasmile”的表述，可知这位跑者此时因无法坚持比赛而落泪，故选C。【3题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在确认她没有受伤后，我为她加油鼓劲。A.injured受伤的；B.scared害怕的；C.annoyed恼怒的；D.defeated受挫的。根据前文看到跑者在路边哭泣，以及帮助他人的基本常识，可知首先要确认对方的身体状况，是否存在受伤情况，故选A。【4题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：专注听我讲的故事就好，这最后三英里很快就会过去的。A.goon继续；B.breakdown出故障、崩溃；C.flyby飞逝；D.dragon拖延。根据前文“Ifyourunwithus,I’msureyou’llbesleepinginyourmedaltonight.JustfocusonthestoriesI’mgoingtotellyouandtheselastthreemiles”，可知作者鼓励跑者坚持下去，结合讲故事能转移注意力、让时间过得更快的常识，作者想告诉对方最后三英里会很快度过，故选C。【5题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她重新找回了信心，还问能不能先往前走，不用等我们。A.attention注意力；B.curiosity好奇心；C.confidence信心；D.excitement兴奋。根据前文“mystoriesliftedthegirl’sspirits,turninghertearsintoasmile”的表述，可知跑者的情绪得到好转，重新拥有了坚持比赛的信心，故选C。【6题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我说：“当然可以，只要你答应在终点等我们，这样我们就能拍一张你拿着奖牌的照片了！”A.start开始；B.expect期待；C.offer主动提出；D.promise承诺。根据前文“sheaskedifshecouldgoaheadwithoutus”，可知跑者想要独自前行，结合后文“waitforusatthefinish”的约定，可知作者要求对方做出承诺，故选D。【7题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过鼓励我回忆那些最有趣的跑步故事，她让我忘记了腿部的疼痛。A.deepest最深的；B.funniest最有趣的；C.strangest最奇怪的；D.saddest最悲伤的。根据前文作者用讲故事的方式鼓励跑者，以及故事能转移注意力、带来愉悦感的特点，可知作者讲的是有趣的故事，故选B。【8题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：玛丽安也在不知不觉中完成了一次对跑者的救助——她不像我这样健谈，而是一个安静的倾听者，我们形成了一种无言的搭档关系。A.fortunately幸运地；B.carefully仔细地；C.independently独立地；D.unknowingly不知不觉地。根据后文“we’dformedanunspokenpartnership”的表述，可知玛丽安的倾听也是一种帮助，而这种帮助并非刻意为之，而是无意间达成的，故选D。【9题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你也想做些助人的善举，别忘了这些黄金准则。A.rules准则；B.plans计划；C.chances机会；D.choices选择。根据后文冒号后的内容“checkwhethertherunnerisalrightandwhetherthey’dliketoruninsilence”，可知是帮助马拉松跑者的具体注意事项，这些是需要遵循的准则，故选A。【10题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：确认跑步者的身体状况，以及他们是想安静地跑，还是更喜欢有人逗他们开心。A.surprised使惊讶；B.entertained使快乐、逗乐；C.protected保护；D.challenged挑战。根据前文作者用讲有趣故事的方式帮助跑者，以及后文“mostwillhappilyenjoyyourstories”的表述，可知部分跑者需要他人的陪伴和趣味互动来缓解疲惫、坚持比赛，故选B。第二节选词填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的单词或词组，并用其正确形式填空。第三节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。11.IpromisedthatI______(attend)themeetingthefollowingweek.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】wouldattend【解析】考查时态。句意：我承诺过会在下周参加那个会议。由promised和thefollowingweek可知，句子用过去将来时wouldattend，故填wouldattend。12.Hisambitionis______(become)aprofessionalpianistinthefuture.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】tobecome【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：——他的志向是将来成为一名专业的钢琴家。is为系动词，此处用动词不定式tobecome作表语，说明主语ambition（志向）的具体内容。故填tobecome。13.Itisourduty______(take)careoftheenvironmentforfuturegenerations.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】totake【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为子孙后代保护环境是我们的责任。本句为固定句型Itisone'sdutytodosth.，其中It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，故填totake。14.AwonderfulEnglishparty______(organize)inourschoolhalllastFriday.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】wasorganized【解析】考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：上周五，一场精彩的英语派对在我们学校礼堂举办。由lastFriday可知，时态是一般过去时，晚会是被组织，因此句子用一般过去时的被动语态，主语AwonderfulEnglishparty是单数，因此空格处是wasorganized。故填wasorganized。15.Agroupofvisitorsvisitedthefactory______thefamouselectriccarsaremade.(用适当的词填空)【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句的关系副词。句意：一群游客参观了那家生产著名电动汽车的工厂。先行词thefactory是地点名词，定语从句中缺少地点状语，因此用关系副词where引导，相当于inwhich。故填where。16.Anewbridge______(build)overtherivernextyeartoeasethetrafficpressure.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】willbebuilt【解析】考查被动语态。句意：明年将在河上新建一座桥，以缓解交通压力。由nextyear可知，时态用一般将来时，桥是被建，因此用一般将来时的被动语态willbebuilt。故填willbebuilt。17.Ourclassvotedforthestudent______positiveattitudehasinfluencedthewholeclass.(用适当的词填空)【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：我们班投票选出了那位积极态度影响了全班的学生。先行词为thestudent，指人，且关系词在定语从句中作定语，修饰positiveattitude，表“……的”，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。18.Mybrotherenjoys______(play)chessbecauseitcanimprovehisconcentration.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】playing【解析】考查动名词。句意：——我哥哥喜欢下国际象棋，因为这能提高他的专注力。enjoydoingsth是固定搭配，意为“喜欢做某事”，所以用play的动名词形式playing，在句中作enjoys的宾语。故填playing。19.Theyoungmansavedpocketmoneyformonths______(buy)abirthdaygiftforhismother.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】tobuy【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个年轻人攒了几个月的零花钱，为了给妈妈买一份生日礼物。此处用不定式作目的状语，表达“攒钱”的目的是“买礼物”。故填tobuy。20.Withtheirclassmates’support,theplayersfelt______(encourage)beforethefinalmatch.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】encouraged【解析】考查形容词。句意：在同学们的支持下，队员们在决赛前感到备受鼓舞。felt后跟形容词作表语，由Withtheirclassmates’support可知，此处表示“受到鼓舞的”，形容词是encouraged。故填encouraged。第二节选词填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的单词或词组，并用其正确形式填空。prohibit;select;shock;reward;inspire;aheadof;becapableof;avarietyof;applyfor;putup21.Theshoppingmalloffers______goodstomeetthedifferentneedsofcustomers.22.Smokingisstrictly______oncampusaccordingtotheschoolrules.23.Withaclearplanandfullpreparations,youwillsurelystay______yourcompetitors.24.Asa______forhisexcellentacademicperformance,theschoolofferedhimascholarship.25.We______severaltentsinthebackyardfortheupcomingcampingpartylastnight.26.Itcameasa______tomethatthehotfavouritecamethirdinthefinalcompetition.27.Thejudges______thebestthreepaintingstodisplayinthecityartgallerysofar.28.Seniorhighschoolstudentsshould______takingresponsibilityfortheirlearningchoices.29.Currently,webadlyneedsomeonewhocan______ourteamtosethighergoals.30.Manystudentshopeto______theexchangeprogramtoexperiencedifferentcultures.【答案】21.avarietyof22.prohibited23.aheadof24.reward25.putup26.shock27.haveselected28.becapableof29.inspire30.applyfor【21题详析】考查固定短语。句意：购物中心提供各种各样的商品，以满足顾客的不同需求。“avarietyof”是固定短语，意为“各种各样的”，修饰名词“goods”，表示商品种类繁多，符合语境。故填avarietyof。【22题详析】考查被动语态。句意：根据校规，校园内严禁吸烟。“prohibit”意为“禁止”符合语境，“Smoking”与“prohibit”之间是被动关系，即“吸烟被禁止”，所以用被动语态“be+过去分词”，“prohibit”的过去分词是“prohibited”。故填prohibited。【23题详析】考查固定短语。句意：有了清晰的计划和充分的准备，你肯定会领先于你的竞争对手。“aheadof”是固定短语，意为“在……之前；领先”，“stayaheadof...”表示“保持领先于……”，符合句子表达的在竞争中领先他人的意思。故填aheadof。【24题详析】考查名词。句意：作为对他优异学业成绩的奖励，学校给他提供了奖学金。“reward”作名词时，意为“奖励；回报”，“asarewardfor...”表示“作为对……的奖励”，符合语境。故填reward。【25题详析】考查动词短语及时态。句意：昨晚我们在后院搭起了几顶帐篷，为即将到来的露营派对做准备。“putup”有“搭建；张贴”等意思，在此处表示“搭建帐篷”。根据“lastnight”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，“put”的过去式还是“put”。故填putup。【26题详析】考查名词。句意：最热门的选手在决赛中获得第三名，这让我很震惊。“shock”作名词时，意为“震惊；令人震惊的事”，“comeasashocktosb.”表示“使某人震惊”，符合句子描述的事件让人震惊的语境。故填shock。【27题详析】考查现在完成时。句意：到目前为止，评委们已经选出了最好的三幅画在市美术馆展出。“select”意为“选择；挑选”，“sofar”是现在完成时的标志，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语“Thejudges”是复数，助动词用“have”，“select”的过去分词是“selected”。故填haveselected。【28题详析】考查固定短语。句意：高中生应该能够对自己的学习选择负责。“becapableof”是固定短语，意为“能够；有能力做……”，“should”是情态动词，后接动词原形，所以用“be”的原形。故填becapableof。【29题详析】考查动词。句意：目前，我们急需有人能激励我们团队设定更高的目标。“inspire”意为“激励；鼓舞”符合语境，“can”是情态动词，后接动词原形。故填inspire。【30题详析】考查动词短语。句意：许多学生希望申请交换项目，以体验不同的文化。“applyfor”是固定短语，意为“申请”符合语境，“hopetodosth.”表示“希望做某事”，“to”后接动词原形。故填applyfor。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAfullscholarshipcoversalmosteverythingforthethreeorfouryearsofuniversity.However,itishighlycompetitive.Here’showyoucanimproveyourchancesofearningone.KnowwheretolookUniversitywebsitesStartbyvisitingyourchosenuniversity’sofficialwebsite.Theyoftenlistscholarshipopportunitiesforstudentsfromyourlocationorinyoursubject.QSImpACTscholarshipsQSoffersitsownrangeofImpACTscholarships,includingawardsforexcellenceinstudies,communityservice,leadership,andsocialimpact.ToapplyforaQSImpACTscholarship,youmusthaveanofferfromanaccepteduniversityandhaveattendedaQSEvent(visitthewebsitefordetails).Also,youmustturninanessaystatingyourbackground,interests,andhowyou’llusethescholarship’sthemeinyourstudyorfuturecareer.MakeyourselfstandoutfromotherapplicantsTostandout,it’simportanttoproverealeffortsinbetteringyourself.Thismeanshavingafewout-of-classactivitiestoshowyourpassionsandinterests,aswellasexamplesoftimesyou’vegotinvolvedwiththelocalcommunity.Leadershipskillsarealsohugelyvalued,andyoucanshowthisbyvolunteeringtoleadprojectsinyourafter-schoolactivitiesorcommunitywork.Anotherthingthatcouldreallymakeyoustandoutfromtherestisastrongreportonyourresearchcompetenceandpersonalqualitiesthroughyourlettersofrecommendation.Submitahigh-qualitycoverletterYourcoverletterneedstobethebestqualityitcanpossiblybe.Thismeansit’sclearandbrief,isformatted(格式)correctly,drawsthereaderinwithapowerfulintroduction,staysfocusedonitskeythemeortopic,andhasnospellingandgrammarmistakes.Followthesesteps,andyou’llbemorelikelytosecurethatfullscholarshipyou’reaimingfor!31.ApplicantsforQSImpACTscholarshipsmust________.A.prepareapersonalessay B.performcommunityservice C.winstudyawards D.organizeaQSEvent32.Tobeanoutstandingscholarshipapplicant,youshould________.A.takecoursesinleadershipskills B.showyoureffortsinself-improvementC.doresearchonyoursubject D.reportonyourcommunitywork33.Ahigh-qualitycoverlettershould________.A.haveaflexibleformatB.includemorethanonetopicC.provideasmanydetailsaspossibleD.attractreaderswithastrongintroduction【答案】31.A32.B33.D【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了全额奖学金虽涵盖大学数年的几乎所有费用但竞争激烈，同时详细给出了提升全额奖学金申请成功率的方法，包括找对奖学金申请渠道、让自己在申请者中脱颖而出以及提交高质量的求职信这几个方面。【31题详析】细节理解题。根据文中QSImpACTscholarships部分的内容“Also,youmustturninanessaystatingyourbackground,interests,andhowyou’llusethescholarship’sthemeinyourstudyorfuturecareer(此外，你还必须提交一篇论文，说明你的背景、兴趣以及你将如何在学习或未来职业中运用该奖学金的主题)”可知，提交个人相关的论文是该奖学金的申请要求之一。故选A。【32题详析】细节理解题。根据文中Makeyourselfstandoutfromotherapplicants部分的首句“Tostandout,it’simportanttoproverealeffortsinbetteringyourself(要脱颖而出，证明自己在自我提升方面付出了切实努力是很重要的)”可知，想要成为优秀的奖学金申请者，需要展现出在自我提升上所做的努力。故选B。【33题详析】细节理解题。根据文中Submitahigh-qualitycoverletter部分的内容“Yourcoverletterneedstobethebestqualityitcanpossiblybe.Thismeansit’sclearandbrief,isformattedcorrectly,drawsthereaderinwithapowerfulintroduction,staysfocusedonitskeythemeortopic,andhasnospellingandgrammarmistakes(你的求职信要尽可能做到高质量。这意味着内容清晰简洁、格式正确、以有力的引言吸引读者、紧扣核心主题，且无拼写和语法错误)”可知，高质量的求职信需要以有感染力的引言吸引读者的注意力。故选D。BFrankMunduswasknownasthereal-lifeCaptainQuint,thecoldsharkkillerinthemovieJaws,longbeforethefilmhittheaters.Forover50years,hebuiltareputationforcatchingsomelargesharks.Butmanypeopledon’tknowwhatthisfamousfishermanunderwentinhislateryears.Mundusbeganactivelysupportingsharkconservation(保护)andcallingforlessharmfulfishingmethods,showingthateventhemostsuccessfulcommercial(商业的)fishermencouldchangetheirways.Mundusisn’talone.TakeMichelGoff,whogrewupintheVezofishingvillageinMadagascar.Goffonceparticipatedindamagingfishingpractices,targetingsharks,turtles,andwhales.Today,he’sbecomeoneofMadagascar’sleadingconservationwildlifefilmmakers,usinghiscameratorevealthewonderofsealifeandinspireotherstoprotectit.“Icarealotaboutouroceans.Ihadnoformaleducationbuttheseawastheretoprovideforme,myfamilyandmycommunity,”heexplainedinaninterview.“Ifwedon’timprovethewaythatfisheriesaremanaged,Iamworriedfishwillrunoutandthattherewillbenothinglefttosupportfuturegenerationsandourplanet.ThisiswhatdrivesmetodotheworkthatIdo.Iwanttohelptogivepeopleavoiceandtostandupagainstthosethataredestroyingourenvironment.”Similarsuccessstoriesareappearingworldwide.OnIndonesia’sLombokIsland,formersharkfishermenhavebecomeenvironmentaleducators,teachingthenextgenerationaboutoceanconservation.InItaly’sPugliaarea,localfishermenpartneredwithconservationiststoestablishareserve(保护区)thatnotonlyprotectedsealifebutalsoimprovedtheircatches,provingthatconservationandlivelihoodcangohandinhand.“Wearetheguardians,”ItalianfishermanCosimoDiBiasisaid.“Theseathatkissesourshoresisours.”Throughtheirdeepknowledgeoftheseaanditscreatures,theseformerfishermenbringbrilliantideasandpracticalexperiencetoconservationefforts,helpingbridgethedistancebetweencommercialfishinginterestsandenvironmentalprotection.34.WhatcanwelearnaboutFrankMundusinParagraph1?A.Hecaughtthelargestsharkintheworld.B.Hechangedhisattitudetowardssharkfishing.C.HebecamefamousafterthemovieJawswasshown.D.Hecalledfortraditionalfishingmethodsinhislateryears.35.Accordingtothepassage,MichelGoff______.A.balancestourismandconservationeffortsB.workstorelieveconcernsabouttheoceanC.inspirespeopletospeakupfortheenvironmentD.studiesoceanbiologyforhisfilmmakingcareer36.Whatdoweknowaboutthefishermeninthepassage?A.Theyseethemselvesasownersofthesea.B.Theyrealizetheimportanceofconservation.C.Theyseeconservationasashort-termsolution.D.Theyfocusonbuildingoceanreservesworldwide.37.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Theimportanceofprotectingsealife.B.Theharmofcommercialfishingtotheocean.C.Theshiftoffishermenfromhunterstoprotectors.D.Thehistoryofsharkhuntingindifferentcountries.【答案】34.B35.C36.B37.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍多位原本从事海洋捕捞的渔民转变观念，投身海洋保护事业，用行动践行保护与生计共赢的故事。【34题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Forover50years,hebuiltareputationforcatchingsomelargesharks.Butmanypeopledon’tknowwhatthisfamousfishermanunderwentinhislateryears.Mundusbeganactivelysupportingsharkconservationandcallingforlessharmfulfishingmethods.(五十多年来，他因捕捉一些大型鲨鱼而声名鹊起。但很多人不知道这位著名的渔民在晚年经历了什么。芒德斯开始积极支持鲨鱼保护，并呼吁采用危害更小的捕鱼方法。)”可知，弗兰克·芒德斯从以捕鲨闻名转变为支持鲨鱼保护、呼吁无害捕鱼方式，改变了对捕鲨的态度。故选B项。【35题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的““Icarealotaboutouroceans.Ihadnoformaleducationbuttheseawastheretoprovideforme,myfamilyandmycommunity,”heexplainedinaninterview.“Ifwedon’timprovethewaythatfisheriesaremanaged,Iamworriedfishwillrunoutandthattherewillbenothinglefttosupportfuturegenerationsandourplanet.ThisiswhatdrivesmetodotheworkthatIdo.Iwanttohelptogivepeopleavoiceandtostandupagainstthosethataredestroyingourenvironment.”(“我十分关心我们的海洋。我没接受过正规教育，但大海一直养育着我、我的家人还有我们整个社区。”他在一次采访中这样说道。“如果我们不改进渔业的管理方式，我担心鱼类会濒临枯竭，到时候就再也没有东西能养活子孙后代、守护我们的地球了。这就是我坚持做这份工作的动力。我想帮大家发出心声，站出来对抗那些破坏我们环境的人。”)”可知，米歇尔·戈夫希望助力人们为环境发声，激励人们站出来保护海洋环境。故选C项。【36题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Forover50years,hebuiltareputationforcatchingsomelargesharks.Butmanypeopledon’tknowwhatthisfamousfishermanunderwentinhislateryears.Mundusbeganactivelysupportingsharkconservationandcallingforlessharmfulfishingmethods.(五十多年来，他因捕捉一些大型鲨鱼而声名鹊起。但很多人不知道这位著名的渔民在晚年经历了什么。芒德斯开始积极支持鲨鱼保护，并呼吁采用危害更小的捕鱼方法。)”及第三段中的““Wearetheguardians,”ItalianfishermanCosimoDiBiasisaid.“Theseathatkissesourshoresisours.(意大利渔民科西莫·迪·比亚西说：“我们是守护者，这片亲吻着我们海岸的大海是我们的。”)”可知，文中的渔民们都从原本的捕捞者转变为海洋保护者，充分意识到了海洋保护的重要性。故选B项。【37题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是尾段中的“Throughtheirdeepknowledgeoftheseaanditscreatures,theseformerfishermenbringbrilliantideasandpracticalexperiencetoconservationefforts,helpingbridgethedistancebetweencommercialfishinginterestsandenvironmentalprotection.(凭借对海洋及其生物的深入了解，这些曾经的渔民为保护工作带来了绝妙的想法和实践经验，助力拉近商业捕捞利益与环境保护之间的距离。)”可知，文章核心讲述了原本以捕捞海洋生物为生的渔民们，纷纷转变身份成为海洋保护者的转变过程。故选C项。CPeople’sviewsarebecomingmoreandmoredivided,with“echochambers”—socialenvironmentswhereindividuals’existingbeliefsarestrengthened—causinggreaterdifferencesinopinion.Butsocialmediaisnottheonlycause,accordingtoarecentstudypublishedintheUSA.Itturnsoutthatpeopleusesearchenginesinwaysthatmakeiteasiertoslipinto“echochambers”.Asimpleimprovementtosearchalgorithms(算法),theresearcherssuggest,couldhelpdeliverabroaderrangeofviews.Onlineparticipantswereaskedtoexpresstheirbeliefsonsixtopics,includinghealtheffectsofcaffeine(咖啡因).Theythenchosesearchphrasestolearnmoreabouteachtopic.Theresearchersexaminedthephrases’rangeandfoundthatbetween9and34percentwere“narrow”.Forexample,whenresearchingthehealtheffectsofcaffeine,onlyoneparticipantused“caffeine’snegativeeffects”,whereasothersused“benefitsofcaffeine”.Thesenarrowphrasestendedtoalignwithparticipants’existingbeliefs,andgenerallylessthan10percentdidthisknowingly.“Searchalgorithmsaredesignedtogivethemostrelevantanswersforwhateverwetype,whichendsupdeepeningwhatwealreadythought,”saysEuginaLeungwholedthestudy.“Thesebelief-drivensearchestrapusinthe‘echochambers’thatareusuallyunrecognized.”Whentheresearchersrandomly(随机地)letparticipantswithsimilarbeliefsviewdifferentresults,theysawthoseresultsimpactpeople’sopinionsandevenbehavior.Forinstance,peoplewhosawresultsusing“caffeinehealthbenefits”,ratherthan“risks”,weremorelikelytochooseacaffeinateddrinkafterward.Pointingoutproblemsinthesearchphraseshadonlyasmalleffectonpeople’sfinalopinions.Butchangingthesearchalgorithmeithertoalwaysprovidebroadresultsortoswitchbetweenresultsobtainedwithbroadanduser-providedtermsreducedtheeffectsofnarrowsearches,thusremoving“echochambers”.“Wehavethoughtthroughhowthesetechnologiescouldbeimprovedforthebenefitofusers,”saysKathleenHallJamiesonoftheUniversityofPennsylvania.“Forsearchtechnologytodowhatweneedittodo,thiskindofresearchisveryimportant.”Participantsconsideredthebroaderresultsasjustasusefulandrelatedasstandardsearches.“Peopleareabletobringindifferentinspirationswhenthey’reexposedtothem,whichisencouraging,”Leungsays.Theresearchersrecommendapplyingsuchstrategies,possiblyas“searchbroadly”buttons.“Thiswouldbereallyhelpful,”Leungsays,butwhetheritwilleverhappen“ishardtopredict”.38.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthesearchphraseschosenbyparticipants?A.Theychallengedparticipants’beliefs. B.Theywereshapedbysocialmedia.C.Theymade“echochambers”worse. D.Theywerediverseamongparticipants.39.Whatdoesthephrase“alignwith”underlinedinParagraph3probablymean?A.Match. B.Remove. C.Question. D.Change.40.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodobywritingthispassage?A.Makeacomparison. B.Giveasuggestion. C.Explainaconcept. D.Predictatrend.41.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheCharmofBroadSearching B.TheSecretofSearchAlgorithmsC.HowYouCanImproveSearchPhrases D.HowYouSearchCanDeepenYourBeliefs【答案】38.C39.A40.B41.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍人们使用搜索引擎的方式易让人陷入信息茧房，研究发现优化搜索算法可缓解该问题，并介绍了相关研究过程与结论。【38题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Itturnsoutthatpeopleusesearchenginesinwaysthatmakeiteasiertoslipinto“echochambers”.(事实证明，人们使用搜索引擎的方式会让人更容易陷入“信息茧房”。)”以及第三段中的“Thesebelief-drivensearchestrapusinthe‘echochambers’thatareusuallyunrecognized.(这些由信念驱动的搜索让我们陷入了通常未被察觉的“信息茧房”。)”可知，参与者选择的搜索短语是受自身信念影响的窄化短语，这类搜索会让人陷入信息茧房，让信息茧房的问题变得更严重。故选C项。【39题详析】词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Thesenarrowphrasestendedto

alignwithparticipants’existingbeliefs,andgenerallylessthan10percentdidthisknowingly.(这些窄化的搜索短语往往alignwith参与者已有的信念，而且通常只有不到10%的人是有意为之的。)”可知，这些窄化短语和参与者原本的信念相契合，因此画线短语的意思是“匹配、相一致”，与“match(匹配)”意义相近。故选A项。【40题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Asimpleimprovementtosearchalgorithms,theresearcherssuggest,couldhelpdeliverabroaderrangeofviews.(研究人员表示，对搜索算法进行一个简单的改进，可能有助于呈现更广泛的观点。)”以及第五段中的“Butchangingthesearchalgorithmeithertoalwaysprovidebroadresultsortoswitchbetweenresultsobtainedwithbroadanduser-providedtermsreducedtheeffectsofnarrowsearches,thusremoving“echochambers”.”(但将搜索算法修改为始终提供广泛的结果，或在通过广泛术语和用户提供的术语获得的结果之间切换，都能降低窄化搜索的影响，从而消除“信息茧房”。)可知，作者写这篇文章，意在结合相关研究结果，针对人们因搜索方式陷入信息茧房的问题给出优化搜索算法的相关建议。故选B项。【41题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Itturnsoutthatpeopleusesearchenginesinwaysthatmakeiteasiertoslipinto“echochambers”.(事实证明，人们使用搜索引擎的方式会让人更容易陷入“信息茧房”。)”以及第三段中的“Searchalgorithmsaredesignedtogivethemostrelevantanswersforwhateverwetype,whichendsupdeepeningwhatwealreadythought.(搜索算法的设计初衷是为我们输入的任何内容提供最相关的答案，而这最终会加深我们已有的想法。)”可知，文章核心围绕人们的搜索方式展开，说明人们受自身信念影响的窄化搜索方式，会让搜索引擎不断强化其原有信念，让人陷入信息茧房，所以，标题“你的搜索方式会加深你的信念。”概括了文章的主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选D项。DThereisapopularsayinginmoderntherapy(治疗)culturethatyoushouldn’ttrytochange—youareperfectlyimperfect,andthattherightpeoplewillenjoyallthelittlethingsthatmakeyouunique.Relatedly,personalityhastraditionallybeendefinedasaprettystablecollectionofcharacteristics.Yetplentyofevidenceshowsthatourpersonalitiesaremorechangeablethanexpected,fuellingthedrivetolearntheskillsofpersonalitychangetoimproveourlives.Forexample,a2024studyfoundthatthreemonthsofdigitalcoachingincreasedcharacteristicslikeemotionalstabilityandresponsibility.Othercharacteristicsprovidefurthersupportfortheflexibilityofpersonality.CarlJungsaidthereisno“pure”introvert(内向)orextrovert(外向)andthattheyareaspectrum(光谱).Somenaturallytakecenterstageinsocialsettings,whileotherspreferobservingthingsquietlyinthecorner—yetthesetendenciesarenotfixed.WhoyouareonacoldwinterWednesdayislikelytobedifferentfromwhoyouareonasunnySaturday.Whereveryouareonthisspectrum,researchshowsthatgettingenoughsocialconnectioniscrucial.Displayingextrovertedcharacteristicsislinkedwithbeingbetterabletocopewiththephysicaleffectsofstress,likehigherbloodpressureandheartrate.TheHarvardStudyofAdultDevelopment,an80-yearprojecttrackingthelivesofabout700mentounderstandthecorecomponents(组成部分)ofahappyandhealthylife,foundthatnothingmattersmoretothatendthanstrongsocialrelationships.Evenifyou’vealreadyfiledyourselfasahardcoreintrovert,adoptingamoresocialapproachmaybeeasierthanyouthink.Researchfrom2022showsthatitisthestrengthofsomeone’sidentityasanintrovert,morethanhowhighlytheyscoreoncharacteristicsofintroversion,thatmakesthemuncomfortablewhenpushedtoactmoreoutgoing.Thisshowsthatcaringlessaboutyourself-imagehelpsmakechangesonpurpose.Alreadyhighlyextroverted?Perhapsyouwouldbenefitfromworkingtoboostyourcapacityforreflection,acharacteristicoftenfoundinthosewhopreferaquieterlife.Similarly,enhancingothercharacteristicslinkedwithwell-being,likebecomingmoreopentonewexperiences,hasrepeatedlybeenshowntobepossible.Challengingthebeliefthatpersonalitytypesarefixedmightleadtogreaterhappiness.Makingpeacewithwhowearenowwhileremainingopentowhowemightbecomeisperhapsthetruestpathtofreedom.42.Whatcanweknowfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Introvertscanbecomeextroverts.B.Moderntherapyculturehasbecomepopular.C.Digitalcoachinghelpswithpersonalitystability.D.Personalityaffectsourviewsonweatherchange.43.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Introvertshandlementalstresswell.B.Socialrelationshipsinfluencehappiness.C.Extroversionisnecessaryforphysicalhealth.D.Caringaboutself-imageensuressocialcomfort.44.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspersonalitychange?A.Neutral. B.Doubtful. C.Uncertain. D.Supportive.【答案】42.A43.B44.D【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章围绕人格的可塑性展开，反驳了“人格固定不变”的传统认知，通过研究和实例表明人格比人们预期的更具可变性。【42题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Yetplentyofevidenceshowsthatourpersonalitiesaremorechangeablethanexpected(然而大量证据表明，我们的人格比预期的更具可变性)”以及第二段“CarlJungsaidthereisnopureintrovertorextrovertandthattheyareaspectrum.Somenaturallytakecenterstageinsocialsettings,whileotherspreferobservingthingsquietlyinthecorner—yetthesetendenciesarenotfixed(卡尔·荣格认为，不存在纯粹的内向者或外向者，二者是一个连续的光谱。有些人天生在社交场合中成为焦点，而有些人则更喜欢在角落安静观察——但这些倾向并非一成不变)”可知，人格具有可变性，内向和外向的特质并非固定，由此可推断内向者可以转变为外向者。故选A。【43题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“TheHarvardStudyofAdultDevelopment,an80-yearprojecttrackingthelivesofabout700mentounderstandthecorecomponentsofahappyandhealthylife,foundthatnothin