山东济宁市2026年高考模拟考试（第二次模拟）英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东济宁市2026年高考模拟考试（第二次模拟）英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。1.WhatwillthemandoonSaturdayevening?A.Collecthisfather. B.Attendaparty. C.Catchaflight.【答案】A【原文】W:It’smybirthdayonSaturday.I’mhavingasmallparty,andIthoughtmaybeyou’dliketocome.M:Saturday?W:Yeah.Around7:30p.m.M:Oh,I’dloveto.Butmydadtoldmetopickhimupattheairportat8:30p.m.2.WhatdoesthemanthinkofProfessorWang?A.Strict. B.Interesting. C.Easy-going.【答案】A【原文】M:Don’ttellmeyoutakethisclass.Youmustnothaveheardofit.W:What?M:ProfessorWangisthemostdemandingteacherintheworld.W:Idon’tbelieveit.Itookhisclasslastyear.He’skindandfunny.3.Whocouldthewomanprobablybe?A.Robert’sfriend. B.Robert’sboss. C.Robert’smother.【答案】B【原文】W:Thisisthethirdtimeyou’vebeenlatethisweek,Robert.YouhavetodobetterthanthatorImightfinditnecessarytoletyougo.M:Itwon’thappenagain.Iassureyou.4.Whatproblemdidthemanhave?A.Hefailedtoplaceanorder.B.Heforgotthewoman’sname.C.Hewenttothewrongaddress.【答案】C【原文】M:Hereyougo.W:Potatoes?Ididn’torderanypotato.M:MayIhaveyouraddressandtelephonenumber,Mrs.Pomper?W:I’mnotMrs.Pomper.I’mMrs.Ruth.Youmadeamistake.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Arestaurant. B.Abakery. C.Sandwiches.【答案】B【原文】M:Thosesandwicheslookdelicious.Didyougetthematthefastfoodrestaurant?W:IactuallygotthemfromSandie’sTreats,anewbakerynearby.M:Whatelsedotheysell?W:Freshbreadandcookies.Youshouldtrytheirrolls—they’regreat.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。6.Howoftendoesthetrainrun?A.Every15minutes.B.Everyhalfanhour.C.Everyhour.7.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Buybustickets.B.Waitforthetrain.C.Checktheschedule.【答案】6.C7.B【原文】W:Wouldyouliketotakethebusorthetraintothecityhall?M:Howoftendotheyrun?I’dliketogetthereassoonaspossible.W:Well,thebusrunseveryhalfanhour,andthere’sonlyonetrainperhour.M:Thenweshouldcatchthebus.Whydon’twegoandgetthetickets?W:Butaccordingtotheschedule,thetrainisarrivinginjustfiveminutes.Andwe’llgettothecityhall15minutesquicker.Let’stakethat.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。8.WhyisthemantalkingtoJennifer?A.Toseekheradvice.B.Togiveheratask.C.Tothankher.9.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.Reviewthereport. B.Revisetheslides. C.Removetheimages.【答案】8.A9.B【原文】M:Thankyouforlookingovermyreport,Jennifer.AsI’mnewhere,Iwasn’tsurewhotoaskforhelp.I’mnowstrugglingtoimprovemyslides,though.W:Letmesee.Thedatalooksgood.It’seasytounderstand.But...itlackssomevisualappeal.M:Oh,IthinkIcouldaddsomeimages.W:Thatwouldreallyattracttheaudience’sattention.M:I’llgobackandaddsomeinthere.Ifyouhavetimelatertoday,canIsendittoyouforaquickreview?W:Sure,justemailittomewhenyou’vefinished.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。10.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesoccermatch?A.Itendedinadraw.B.Itwasaregionalfinal.C.ThePortvilleLionslost.11.Whywasthegamechallenging?A.Theopponentswerestrong.B.Thegoalkeeperlostseveralballs.C.Theplayingconditionsweredifficult.12.Whatwillbebroadcastnext?A.Anadvertisement.B.Aweatherreport.C.Apieceofnews.【答案】10.C11.C12.A【原文】W:Insportsnews,ourownEastonJaguarswontoday’ssoccermatchagainstthePortvilleLionswithafinalscoreof3-2.HeretotellusaboutthegameisAaronParker,thegoalkeeperfortheEastonJaguars.Mr.Parker,thanksforjoiningus.M:Thanksforhavingme.Today’sgamewasreallychallenging.Finally,itturnedoutwell.W:Yes,wecouldallfeelthat.M:Yeah.Itstartedtorainearlyon,andthestormdidn’tletupfornearlyanhour.Therewereseveraltimeswhenwelostcontroloftheballbecausethefieldwassowet.Itwasarealtestofadaptabilityforbothteams.W:Well,youallplayedreallywelldespitetheweather.Now,it’stimeforacommercialbreak,butstaytuned—we’llsoonbebackwithAaronParkertosharemorewithus.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。13.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Travelagentandcustomer.B.Driverandpassenger.C.Fellowtravelers.14.Wherewillthewomanspendherfirstday?A.Inagrassland. B.Atabeach. C.Onanisland.15.WhatdoesthemansayaboutFraserIsland?A.Ithassandeverywhere.B.Itcoversseventy-fivesquaremiles.C.Ithasthemostbeachesintheworld.16.Whatcanthewomandointhegrassland?A.Walkintheforests.B.Feedsomeanimals.C.Campoutdoors.【答案】13.A14.B15.A16.C【原文】W:IsawyourpackageforAustraliaonline.Couldyoupleasetellmewhereyouareactuallygoing?M:Well,itallbeginswhenwepickyouupfromtheairport.We’lltakeyoutoahotelonthecoastandhelpyousettlein.Youcanspendthewholedaythereswimmingandsurfing,ifyoulike.Thenthenextmorning,weheadofftoFraserIsland.W:Soundsgood.Whataretheattractionsthere?M:Well,ithassomeofthemostwonderfulbeachesintheworld,includingonethat’sseventy-fivemileslong.Infact,theislandisintherecordbooksasthebiggestoneonearthmadeentirelyofsand.Ithasbeautifullakes,hugeforestsandsomefascinatingwildlife.W:Andwhere’dyougonext?M:Toagrasslandwhereyouhavethechancetoseesomeremarkableanimals,includingkangaroos,ofcourse.ThenyouwillspendthenightAustralianstyle,bythecampfireinasleepingbag.W:Soundswonderful.I’dliketobookthispackage.Couldyoutellmewhatdatesareavailable?听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17.Whatisatthenorthernendofthepark?A.Ariver. B.Awall. C.Apond.18.WhereisthestatueofDianeGosforthnow?A.Ontheriverbank.B.Closetothesouthgate.C.Neartheheartofthepark.19.Howisthechildren’splaygrounddifferent?A.Ithasbeenrelocated.B.Ithasbeenexpanded.C.Itincludessculpturesnow.20.Howmanytenniscourtsarethereintheparknow?A.Two. B.Four. C.Eight.【答案】17.A18.C19.B20.C【原文】M:OK.LetmetellyouaboutsomeofthechangesthathavebeenmadetoMinsterParkandthethingsthathavebeenkept.Ifyoulookatthismap,you’llseethefamiliaroutlineoftheparkwiththeriverformingitsnorthernboundaryandagateineachoftheotherthreewalls.ThestatueofDianeGosforthhasbeenmoved.Itusedtobeclosetothesouthgate,butit’snowtothenorthoftheLilypondwhichisinthecenterofthepark,makingitmuchmorevisible.There’salsoanewareaofwoodensculpturesontheriverbank.Thechildren’splaygroundhasbeenenlargedandimproved,andislocatedbetweentheriverandthepathleadingfromthepondtotheriver.Therehavebeentenniscourtsintheparkformanyyears,andthey’vebeendoubledfrom4to8.They’restillinthesouthwestcornerofthepark.SomethingelseI’dliketomentionisthenewfitnessareawhichisrightnexttothewestoftheLilypond.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A2026LocalLettersforGlobalChangeContestIsOpen!ThePulitzerCenterinvitesyoutomakeyourvoiceheardbywritingalettertoalocaldecision-makerthatexplainstheglobalissueyouwantthemtoprioritize,showshowitconnectstoyourlocalcommunity,andproposesasolution.Wewanttoreadandshareyourletters:tellus,andtheworldwhat’smostimportanttoyou.Eligibility:WewelcomeentriesfromallcurrentK-12studentsacrosstheglobe.LettersshouldbewritteninEnglishandaddressatopicwithinoneofthePulitzerCenter’sfourfocusissues:ClimateandEnvironmentGlobalHealthInformationandArtificialIntelligenceEducationandOpportunityEntryGuidelines:Chooseanissuethatisimportanttoyourlocalcommunityandyourselecteddecision-makerwouldliketoaddress.Yourproposedsolutionshouldbeworkable.Butyoudon’thavetoreinventthewheel!Consideradvocatingforasolutionthathasbeeneffectiveelsewhereorisalreadyinprogress.Theevidenceyouprovidetosupportyourclaimsshouldbereliable.YoumustciteatleastonePulitzerCenternewsstory,butyoucanalsociteevidencefromothernewssources,academicarticles,orreportsbyorganizationsandgovernments.SubmityourentrybetweenMay14andJune16,2026to/stories,usingthecontestform.Itwillrequestsomebasicpersonalandcontactinformation;youcancopyyourletterdirectlyintotheform.Prizes:Firstplacewinners:$300tosupportglobalcommunityengagementinyourclassroomFinalists:$75tosupportglobalcommunityengagementinyourclassroomP.S.AllentrantswillbeinvitedtoparticipateinaPulitzerCentertownhallevent,heldvirtuallyinAugust,tosharesolutionswithotherstudentsfromaroundtheworld.21.Whatisthecontestmainlyaimedat?A.Improvingstudents’writingskills. B.Buildingbondsamongcommunities.C.Developingstudents’globalcitizenship. D.PublicizingPulitzerCenter’sfocusissues.22.Whichthemeismostlikelytobeacceptedforthecontest?A.Thehistoryofacity’scentralpark.B.Basictheoriesofartificialintelligence.C.Atown’seffortstoreduceplasticwaste.D.Tipsforbettersleepduringexamweek.23.Whatisamustforcontestants?A.Selectingthelatesttopic. B.Inventinganovelsolution.C.PostingtheentrybeforeJune. D.CitingaPulitzerCenterstory.【答案】21.C22.C23.D【语篇解读】本文介绍一项面向全球中小学生的书信写作大赛，说明参赛对象、写作主题、参赛要求、奖品及相关附加活动。【21题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“ThePulitzerCenterinvitesyoutomakeyourvoiceheardbywritingalettertoalocaldecision-makerthatexplainstheglobalissueyouwantthemtoprioritize,showshowitconnectstoyourlocalcommunity,andproposesasolution.(普利策中心邀请学生给当地决策者写信，阐述需要优先关注的全球性问题，结合本地实际并提出解决办法)”可知，比赛旨在培养学生的全球公民意识，关注全球与本地关联问题。【22题详析】推理判断题。根据文中列出的四大参赛主题“ClimateandEnvironment,GlobalHealth,InformationandArtificialIntelligence,EducationandOpportunity(气候与环境、全球健康、信息与人工智能、教育与机遇)”可知，小镇减少塑料垃圾属于气候与环境主题，符合比赛要求。【23题详析】细节理解题。根据EntryGuidelines中的“YoumustciteatleastonePulitzerCenternewsstory,butyoucanalsociteevidencefromothernewssources,academicarticles,orreportsbyorganizationsandgovernments.(参赛者必须至少引用一篇普利策中心的新闻报道，也可引用其他可靠资料作为论据)”可知，参赛者必须引用一篇普利策中心相关报道。BForyearsIwalkedthestreetsofLondonwearingnoise-cancelingheadphones,absorbedinplaylists,podcastsorlongvoicenotes,amillionmilesawayfromwhereverIphysicallywas.OnedampJanuaryevening,Iwaswalkinghome,headphonesoutofpowerinmybag,whenInoticedasmallfigurefalldownonthepavementwithhereyesclosed.ImightnothavenoticedherifIhadbeeninmyownworld,fixatedonwhatwasplayinginmyears.Iaskedhername.Noresponse.Worse,shedidn’tseemtobebreathing.Mymindracedbacktomyfirst-aidclass,butIdrewablank,afraidofgettingitwrong.Idialed999.Thecallhandlertalkedmethroughit:lieherdown,pressherchesttoacount,keepgoing.Tomyrelief,thestrangertookabreath.Afterthemedicalworkersarrived,Iquietlyleft.Afterthatnight,Iresolvedtobemoreawareofthehappeningsaroundme.WearingheadphonesmademefeelasifIwaswrappedinsound:itcouldbecomforting,buttheworldwasdulledandseparate.So,offtheycame.Suddenly,Iawakenedtoallthathadlongescapedmynotice.Anoiseinthegrassturnedouttobeahedgehogfightingablackbird—IfeltasifI’denteredasecretworld.Athunderouscrackalertedmetoawoodpeckerdrillingholesinatreenearmylocalpark.Plus,I’mmoreopentotalkingtostrangersnow.It’seasiertostartaconversationwhenmyfirstresponseisn’t“What?”asIpeeloffmyheadphones.Still,ithelpstohavetheoptiontozoneout.IrefusetogoforarunwithoutloudCubanmusicinmyearstoforcemytrainerstohitthegroundwiththebeat.There’snowayI’mgettingonanaeroplanewithoutlisteningtoanaudiobook.AsforthatJanuarynight,I’llneverknowwhathappenedtothestranger,butI’mgladIwaspayingattention.24.Whywastheauthorabletonoticethewoman’sunusualcondition?A.Heheardasoundofanambulance.B.Hehadrichfirst-aidexpertise.C.Hisheadphoneshappenedtobedead.D.Hismindwaswanderingfrommusic.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”refertoinparagraph4?A.Theheadphones. B.Thenoises.C.Thehappenings. D.Themedicalworkers.26.Whatistheauthor’scurrentviewonusingheadphones?A.Itisastylishtrend. B.Itisaconsciouschoice.C.Itisaregularroutine. D.Itisahabitualpreference.27.Whatmessagedoesthetexttrytoconvey?A.Musicspeaks.B.Alertnesscounts.C.Kindnessneverfades.D.Totuneoutistotunein.【答案】24.C25.A26.B27.D【语篇解读】文章讲述了作者过去长期戴耳机屏蔽外界，因一次意外事件主动摘下耳机、感知生活；同时懂得适度使用耳机，明白适度屏蔽外界，才能更好地感受生活。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“OnedampJanuaryevening,Iwaswalkinghome,headphonesoutofpowerinmybag,whenInoticedasmallfigurefalldownonthepavementwithhereyesclosed.(一月一个潮湿的夜晚，我步行回家，包里的耳机早已没电，就在这时，我看到一个小小的身影双眼紧闭，摔倒在人行道上。)”可知，作者能够察觉到这位女士的异常状况是因为他的耳机碰巧没电了。【25题详析】词句猜测题。根据上文“WearingheadphonesmademefeelasifIwaswrappedinsound:itcouldbecomforting,buttheworldwasdulledandseparate.(戴着耳机，我仿佛被声音层层包裹：这或许能带来慰藉，却也让周遭世界变得模糊疏离、格格不入。)”可知，上文核心讲述戴耳机的弊端，第四段承接上文，表达“所以我摘掉了耳机”。由此可知，they指代上文的headphones。【26题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Still,ithelpstohavetheoptiontozoneout.IrefusetogoforarunwithoutloudCubanmusicinmyearstoforcemytrainerstohitthegroundwiththebeat.There’snowayI’mgettingonanaeroplanewithoutlisteningtoanaudiobook.(即便如此，能选择放空思绪、隔绝外界，也未尝不是一件好事。跑步时，我一定要播放节奏感强烈的古巴音乐，踩着节拍迈步；不收听有声书，我绝不肯登上飞机。)”可知，作者不再随时随地戴耳机、主动关注现实，但会根据场景主动选择使用耳机，是一种有意识的自主选择。【27题详析】主旨大意题。文章讲述了作者过去长期戴耳机屏蔽外界，因一次意外事件主动摘下耳机、感知生活；同时懂得适度使用耳机，明白适度屏蔽外界，才能更好地感受生活。由此可知，文章想要传达“学会屏蔽，方能用心感知”。CTheevolutionarypaththatledtotheriseofmodernhumansisfulloftwistsandturns,andthelatestsurpriseisthatourspecieslikelyevolvedfromtwoancestralpopulations.Scientistshavelongthoughtthatmodernhumansemergedfromasinglehominin(古人类)populationinAfricabetween300,000and200,000yearsago.However,anewstudyledbyRichardDurbin,ageneticistattheUniversityofCambridgerevealedthattwogroupsofhomininssplitapartaround1.5millionyearsago,onlytoreuniteabout1.2millionyearslater,initiatingageneticmixingeventthatresultedinthebirthofmodernhumanity.Insteadofrelyingonancientremains,researchersmadeuseofmodernhumanDNAfromthe1,000GenomesProject.Byaddingthatdatasettoacomputationalalgorithm(算法),theyproducedastructuredmodelthatdisplayedtwoancestralpopulationsbreakingapartandgettingbacktogetherinancienttimes.“ThefactthatwecanreconstructeventsfromhundredsofthousandsormillionsofyearsagojustbylookingatDNAtodayisastonishing,”saidDurbin.Themodelshowsintheyearsafterthesplit,oneofthetwogroupscontractedtemporarily.“Immediatelyafterthetwoancestralpopulationssplit,weseeaseverebottleneckinoneofthem—suggestingitdeclinedtoaverysmallsizebeforeslowlygrowingoveraperiodofonemillionyears,”Durbinsaid.“Thispopulationwouldlatercontributeabout80%ofthegeneticmaterialofmodernhumans.Thesecondgroup,meanwhile,contributedaround20%ofthegenes,manyofwhicharelocatedfarawayfromthefunctionalregionsofthegenome.Asfortheidentityoftheseancestralpopulations,anelementofmysterystillremains.TheresearcherspointtoHomoerectusandHomoheidelbergensisaspossiblecandidates,butfurtherresearchisneeded.Still,thegeneticexchangeshapingthemodernhumangenomedemonstratesthathumanevolutionhasinvolvedsplitsandreunions.Andthat’sprobablynotlimitedtohumans.28.Whatisthehighlightofthenewstudy?A.Itrewriteshumanorigin. B.Itcomparestwopopulations.C.Itmapsthehumangenome. D.Itconfirmsevolutiontimeline.29.Whichbestdescribesthemethodofthestudy?A.Practice-focused. B.Culture-based.C.Theory-guided. D.Data-driven.30.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Speciesevolveinaclearandstraightline.B.Geneticexchangemayexistinotherspecies.C.Thestatusofthetwogroupshasbeenidentified.D.Thetwopopulationscontributedequallyingenes.31.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.OurClosestAncientCousins.B.AnAncestralGet-Together.C.TheArtofEncodingHumanDNA.D.TheOut-of-AfricaHumanJourney.【答案】28.A29.D30.B31.B【语篇解读】主要介绍一项新研究表明现代人类源自两支古人类族群分化又融合的演化过程，颠覆了单一族群起源的旧观点。【28题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Scientistshavelongthoughtthatmodernhumansemergedfromasinglehominin(古人类)populationinAfricabetween300,000and200,000yearsago.However,anewstudyledbyRichardDurbin,ageneticistattheUniversityofCambridgerevealedthattwogroupsofhomininssplitapartaround1.5millionyearsago,onlytoreuniteabout1.2millionyearslater,initiatingageneticmixingeventthatresultedinthebirthofmodernhumanity.(长期以来，科学家一直认为，现代人类起源于三十万至二十万年前非洲的单一古人类种群。然而，剑桥大学遗传学家理查德・德宾主导的一项新研究表明，两类古人类种群约在150万年前分化，又在120万年后重新融合，由此引发的基因交融事件，最终孕育出了现代人类。)”可知，新研究打破人类单一起源的传统观点，重新阐释人类起源。【29题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Insteadofrelyingonancientremains,researchersmadeuseofmodernhumanDNAfromthe1,000GenomesProject.Byaddingthatdatasettoacomputationalalgorithm(算法),theyproducedastructuredmodelthatdisplayedtwoancestralpopulationsbreakingapartandgettingbacktogetherinancienttimes.(研究人员并未依赖古生物遗骸，而是利用了千人基因组计划中的现代人类DNA。通过将该数据集代入运算算法，他们构建出结构化模型，还原了远古时期两个远古族群分化又融合的过程。)”可知，该研究依托数据与算法开展，是以数据为支撑的研究方式。【30题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Still,thegeneticexchangeshapingthemodernhumangenomedemonstratesthathumanevolutionhasinvolvedsplitsandreunions.Andthat’sprobablynotlimitedtohumans.(尽管如此，这场塑造了现代人类基因组的基因交流表明，人类进化历程中一直存在种群的分化与融合，且这种现象可能并非人类独有。)”可知，人类的族群分化融合与基因交流现象，大概率也存在于其他物种当中。【31题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“However,anewstudyledbyRichardDurbin,ageneticistattheUniversityofCambridgerevealedthattwogroupsofhomininssplitapartaround1.5millionyearsago,onlytoreuniteabout1.2millionyearslater,initiatingageneticmixingeventthatresultedinthebirthofmodernhumanity.(然而，剑桥大学遗传学家理查德・德宾主导的一项新研究表明，两类古人类种群约在150万年前分化，又在120万年后重新融合，由此引发的基因交融事件，最终孕育出了现代人类。)”可知，文章围绕远古两类古人类族群分裂、重逢融合并孕育现代人类展开，核心是远古祖先族群的汇合交融，因此“AnAncestralGet-Together(远古族群的交融)”最贴合全文主旨，适合作为最佳标题。DWhenyouwerelittle,didyoufightwithyourbrotherorsisteraboutwhowouldgetthelastgummybear?Orwhogottositinthefrontoftheride?Behindthesecasesliesahiddenmindset—zero-sumthinking,atermthatcomesfrommath.Inazero-sumgame,thetotalofgainsandlossesamongtheplayersalwaysaddsuptozero.OskarMorgensternfirstformallydescribedthisconceptinthe1944bookTheoryofGamesandEconomicBehavior.Sincethenithasbeenwidelyusedineconomictheoriesandgametheory.Drawingonideasofevolutionarypsychology,somehavearguedthatzero-sumthinkingaroseasacognitive(认知的)adaptationwithinearly-humanancestorswhowereforcedtocompeteoverlimitedresources.Assuch,thetendencytosubjectivelyviewresourcedistributionaszero-summighthavebeenthedominantstrategyinourevolutionarypast,givingindividualswithhigherzero-sumbeliefsarelativeadvantageoverothers.Thus,inmodernenvironments,zero-sumbeliefsareadoptedundersimilarconditionsofthreatandresource-shortageandcanbeoverriddenonlywiththoughtfulreflection.Zero-sumbeliefshaveimportantintrapersonalandinterpersonalconsequences.Attheintrapersonallevel,greaterapprovalofzero-sumbeliefsisassociatedwithmorenegative(andlesspositive)effects,moregreedandlowerlifesatisfaction.Zero-sumbeliefscanalsobeinterpersonallydetrimental,suchaswhennegotiatorswhobelievethattheircounterpartsgainattheirexpenseoverlookopportunitiesformutuallybeneficialdeals.Morebroadly,peoplewhoadoptzero-sumbeliefsoftenfeellonelier.Thus,zero-sumbeliefsareassociatedwithboththequalityandthequantityofclosepersonalrelationships.Tofighttheseeffects,wecanremembertoremainmindfulthattherearenumerousopportunitiesfornon-zero-suminteractionswithothers,suchasfindingopportunitiestoexchangesurplusesorfavorswithothers.Doingsoprovidesthenecessaryingredientsfortrustandmutualbenefittoform,whicharebothnecessaryforanybusinessoreconomytofunctionoptimally,ingoodtimesandinbad.32.Whichisthecoreofzero-summindset?A.Everycoinhastwosides.B.Theother’sgainisyourloss.C.Manyhandsmakelightwork.D.Unitedwestand,dividedwefall.33.Whatdoesparagraph2trytostressconcerningzero-sumthinking?A.Itisuniquetohumans.B.Ittendstobeshort-lived.C.Ithelpedancestorssurvive.D.Itishardwiredintohumans.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“detrimental”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Dynamic. B.Complex. C.Harmful. D.Consistent.35.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Trustisatwo-waystreet.B.Atruewin-winisattainable.C.Opportunityknocksbutonce.D.Economyundergoesthickandthin.【答案】32.B33.D34.C35.B【语篇解读】文章主要探讨了零和思维的概念、起源、影响以及应对方法。【32题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Inazero-sumgame,thetotalofgainsandlossesamongtheplayersalwaysaddsuptozero.(在零和博弈中，所有参与者的收益与损失之和恒为零。)”可知，零和博弈中所有人得失相加为0，意味着一方获利，另一方必然受损。A.凡事有利有弊；B.他人之得，即为你之失；C.人多力量大；D.团结则存，分裂则亡。【33题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Drawingonideasofevolutionarypsychology,somehavearguedthatzero-sumthinkingaroseasacognitive(认知的)adaptationwithinearly-humanancestorswhowereforcedtocompeteoverlimitedresources.Assuch,thetendencytosubjectivelyviewresourcedistributionaszero-summighthavebeenthedominantstrategyinourevolutionarypast,givingindividualswithhigherzero-sumbeliefsarelativeadvantageoverothers.(部分学者借鉴进化心理学的观点提出：零和思维是早期人类祖先为适应环境而形成的一种认知本能，彼时人类不得不围绕有限的资源展开竞争。因此，在人类进化历程中，主观上将资源分配视作零和博弈的思维倾向，曾是主流生存策略，那些零和观念更强的个体，相较他人会拥有一定生存优势。)”可知，零和思维是人类进化形成的认知本能，是进化遗留的固有思维，很难主动摆脱，属于人类与生俱来的思维模式。由此可知，第二段侧重说明零和思维是人类进化形成的固有本能。【34题详析】词句猜测题。根据下文“suchaswhennegotiatorswhobelievethattheircounterpartsgainattheirexpenseoverlookopportunitiesformutuallybeneficialdeals.(例如，有些谈判者认为对手的获益必然建立在自己的损失之上，因而会错失达成互利共赢协议的机会。)”可知，零和思维对人际关系产生了有害的影响，由此可知，detrimental意为“有害的”。【35题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Tofighttheseeffects,wecanremembertoremainmindfulthattherearenumerousopportunitiesfornon-zero-suminteractionswithothers,suchasfindingopportunitiestoexchangesurplusesorfavorswithothers.(为了对抗这些影响，我们可以记住，与他人进行非零和互动的机会有很多，比如寻找与他人交换剩余或恩惠的机会。)”可知，作者认为存在许多非零和互动的机会，即真正的双赢是可以实现的。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Theremaybetimeswhenyoumayfeelthatenvelopingyourmessageinagenerouscoatof“nice”willmakecommunicationwithothersbetter.____36____Sugarcoatingyourwords—whateveryourreasonsare—notonlydoesnotpushmeaningfulrelationshipsforwardbutmayactuallyendangerotherwisehealthyinteractions.While,atbest,sugarcoatingcanbeanattemptatkindness,atworst,itcouldbeviewedasaformofmanipulation—tryingtocommunicateinawaythatcontrolstheotherperson’sexperience,insteadofallowingthemtohavetheirownrealreaction.____37____“Formany,thispatternbeganinchildhood,”sayspsychologistCarolynHextall.“Lovemayhavefeltconditional,andanunconsciousdecisionwasmadethatbeingpleasing,agreeable,orundemandingwasthesafestroutetoacceptanceandconnection.”____38____Youmightnoticethatyouwouldrathervalidateothers,stayquietorsoftenyourtruthbecauseyoufeartheconsequenceofvoicingyourownthoughts.Opposedtosugarcoating,saltcoatinggoesintheoppositedirection.____39____Butoften,itcrossesthelinefrombeinghonesttobeingrude.Peoplewhousesaltcoatingoftenignoreothers’feelings,speakingtheirmindswithoutanyconsideration,whicheasilyleadstomisunderstandingsandconflicts.Toavoidthese,Carolynsuggestsstoppingusingglobal,absolutestatementssuchas“youalways”or“younever”.____40____Instead,bespecificinyourfeedback,anduse“I”statements,whichclearlycommunicateyourexperiencewithoutassigninganyblame.Forexample,youmightsay:“Whenyousaidyou’dmeetmeandthencanceled,Ifeltupsetandhurt.”Thiscentersyouremotionalexperience,andhelpstheotherpersonunderstandtheimpactoftheirbehavior.A.Yetinfact,theoppositeispreferred.B.Often,sugarcoatingisdeeplyrootedinpeople.C.Itcanbepresentedasbeingstraightanddirect.D.Thesetendtocausedefensivenessveryquickly.E.Butanicewrapperdoesnotnecessarilymakeagiftbetter.F.Inadulthood,thisearlyadaptationcancontinuetoplayout.G.Thesetwoapproachesaretwoextremesthatarebetteroffavoided.【答案】36.E37.B38.F39.C40.D【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了生活中两种极端的沟通方式——美化委婉的糖衣式表达与直白生硬的尖锐式表达，分析了糖衣式沟通的根源、弊端以及尖锐式沟通的问题，并给出了客观真诚、恰当表达的合理沟通建议。【36题详析】根据前文“Theremaybetimeswhenyoumayfeelthatenvelopingyourmessageinagenerouscoatof“nice”willmakecommunicationwithothersbetter.(有时候，你可能会觉得用大量客套温和的话语包装自己的想法，会让人际交往更加顺畅。)”可知空前认为温和包装语言利于沟通；空后“Sugarcoatingyourwords—whateveryourreasonsare—notonlydoesnotpushmeaningfulrelationshipsforwardbutmayactuallyendangerotherwisehealthyinteractions.(粉饰委婉的言辞，无论出于何种缘由，不仅无法推动真挚的人际关系良性发展，反而还可能破坏原本健康正常的交往。)”指出过度美化话语反而不利于人际关系、甚至破坏正常交往；故推知：空处需要转折，表达华丽外表的包装并不能提升本质，选项E“Butanicewrapperdoesnotnecessarilymakeagiftbetter.(但是精美的包装并不一定会让礼物变得更好。)”贴合上下文转折逻辑，衔接自然。【37题详析】根据后文“Formany,thispatternbeganinchildhood(对很多人来说，这种说话模式始于童年时期)”可知下文开始追溯委婉美化式说话方式的起源；故推知：空处为本段总起句，引出糖衣式表达根深蒂固的特点，选项B“Often,sugarcoatingisdeeplyrootedinpeople.(通常情况下，委婉粉饰的说话方式在人们心中根深蒂固。)”统领本段内容。【38题详析】根据前文“Lovemayhavefeltconditional,andanunconsciousdecisionwasmadethatbeingpleasing,agreeable,orundemandingwasthesafestroutetoacceptanceandconnection.(人们曾觉得爱是有条件的，于是下意识认定：顺从讨好、不提要求，才是获得认可与维系关系最稳妥的方式。)”可知前文讲述童年时期形成的处事思维；空后“Youmightnoticethatyouwouldrathervalidateothers,stayquietorsoftenyourtruthbecauseyoufeartheconsequenceofvoicingyourownthoughts.(你或许会发现，自己一味迎合他人、保持沉默或是委婉淡化真相，只因害怕说出内心真实想法后所要面对的后果。)”描写成年后的行为表现；故推知：空处衔接童年经历与成年后的行为延续，选项F“Inadulthood,thisearlyadaptationcancontinuetoplayout.(步入成年后，这种早年养成的处事习惯会持续显现。)”符合语境。【39题详析】根据前文“Opposedtosugarcoating,saltcoatinggoesintheoppositedirection.(与委婉粉饰的糖衣式表达相反，尖锐直白的沟通走向了另一个极端。)”可知本段开始介绍另一