广东大湾区名校共同体2026年高三下学期考前模拟考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1广东大湾区名校共同体2026年高三下学期考前模拟考试英语试题第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AJobAdvertisement:BioacousticsResearcherTheSanDiegoZooWildlifeAllianceisseekingaPost-DoctoralAssociateinmachinelearningforathree-yearbioacousticsproject.ThispositionreportstoScientistlevelorhigherintheConservationScience&WildlifeHealthdepartment.Thesuccessfulcandidatewillapplytheirskillstoproblemslikeidentifyingspeciesinfieldrecordings,improvingdataanalysismethods,anddevelopingtoolsforbiodiversitymonitoring.Requirement●Overseeassignedresearchprojects.●Collect,process,andenterresearchdata.●Performexperimentsandmeasurements.●Interpretandanalyzeresearchresultsandrevisesproceduresasnecessary.●Establishandmaintaindatabases.●Documentresearchmethodologyandresults.●Prepareprogressreports.●Conductandoverseeinvestigationsofstudysubjects.Theworkwilluseexistingdatasetsfromgloballocations,includingthePeruvianAmazon,Kenya’ssavannas,andprojectsinvolvingpolarbears.Theidealcandidateholdsadoctoraldegreeincomputerscienceorarelatedfield,withafocusonmachinelearning.StrongskillsinPythonprogrammingandexperiencewithtoolslikePyTorcharerequired.Experienceinbioacousticsispreferred.Thispositionoffersthechancetoworkwithdiversecollaborators,includinguniversityfacultyspecializinginmachinelearning.Formoreinformation,visittheAlliance’sofficialcareerspage.1.Whatisakeyresponsibilityfortheresearcherinthisposition?A.Overseeingthehealthofpandasandpolarbears.B.Improvingdataanalysismethodsforsocialmedia.C.Usingmachinelearningtoanalyzesounddata.D.Givinglecturestouniversityfaculty.2.Whatbackgroundismostpreferredfortheidealcandidate?A.APhDwithafocusonmachinelearning.B.ExperienceinmanagingprojectsinthePeruvianAmazon.C.Adoctoraldegreeinveterinarymedicine.D.StrongskillsinbiodiversitymonitoringwithoutaPhD.3.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyleadtoanunsuccessfulapplication?A.HavingskillsinPythonprogramming.B.Proposingtocollectnewdatasetsinthefield.C.Lackingexperiencewithmachinelearningframeworks.D.Beingwillingtoworkwithdiversecollaborators.【答案】1.C2.A3.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍的是圣迭戈动物园野生动物联盟（SanDiegoZooWildlifeAlliance）发布的一则招聘广告，招聘一位机器学习领域的博士后研究员，参与一个为期三年的生物声学项目。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“TheSanDiegoZooWildlifeAllianceisseekingaPost-DoctoralAssociateinmachinelearningforathree-yearbioacousticsproject.(圣地亚哥动物园野生动物联盟正在招聘一位机器学习领域的博士后助理，参与一项为期三年的生物声学项目)”和第二段“Thesuccessfulcandidatewillapplytheirskillstoproblemslikeidentifyingspeciesinfieldrecordings,improvingdataanalysismethods,anddevelopingtoolsforbiodiversitymonitoring.(成功入选的候选人将运用其专业技能来解决诸如在实地录音中识别物种、改进数据分析方法以及开发用于生物多样性监测的工具等各类问题)”可知，在这个职位上，研究人员的主要职责是利用机器学习分析声音数据。故选C。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Theidealcandidateholdsadoctoraldegreeincomputerscienceorarelatedfield,withafocusonmachinelearning.(理想的候选人应拥有计算机科学或相关领域的博士学位，并侧重于机器学习方向)”可知，最理想的候选人背景是拥有聚焦于机器学习的博士学位。故选A。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“StrongskillsinPythonprogrammingandexperiencewithtoolslikePyTorcharerequired.(需要具备扎实的Python编程技能以及使用诸如PyTorch等工具的经验)”可知，拥有如PyTorch这类机器学习框架的经验是硬性要求，因此缺乏使用机器学习框架的经验最有可能导致申请失败。故选C。BIfIhadn’tbeenastrugglingviolinist,Imighthaveneverbecomeawriter.Infourthgrade,myschoolhadanorchestraprogram,andIeagerlysigneduptolearntheviolinwithmyfriendIrene.Webothlovedtheideaofbeingintheorchestraandwalkedtogethertoourmusiclessonseveryweek.Ourorchestrateacher,Mr.Baumgartner,wasstrict.Hetoldusthatifwedamagedourinstruments,we’dbekickedoutoftheprogrambecausetheschoolcouldn’taffordreplacements.Unfortunately,Iwasn’tverygoodattheviolin.Oneday,whilepracticing,thebridgeofmyviolinflewoffandthestringsbroke.ScaredofMr.Baumgartner’sreaction,Itriedtofixitmyselfwithsomeglue.Butwhenhesawmycrookedbridge,hetoldmeIcouldn’tbeintheorchestraanymore.Instead,hesuggestedIjointhegleeclub.IswitchedtothegleeclubandfoundIenjoyedsingingwithothers,eventhoughIdidn’thaveagreatvoice.Later,thejuniorhighchorusheldauditionsfortheAllCityHonorChorus,andIwasoneofonlyfivegirlsfrommyschooltoaudition.Becauseofthis,Imadethechorus.Afteraperformance,myEnglishteacheraskedifanyoneinthechoruswantedtowriteanarticlefortheschoolnewspaper.Forsomereason,Iraisedmyhand.Ilovedreading,butIhadneverthoughtaboutwritingbefore.However,whenIsawmynameandwordsinprint,IknewIwantedtowritemore.Thenextyear,Ibecametheeditoroftheschoolnewspaper.Irealizedthatwritingwasmytruepassion.Lookingback,IunderstandthatifIhadn’tbrokenmyviolinandjoinedthegleeclub,Imightneverhavediscoveredmyloveforwriting.Yearslater,IsawIreneatareunion.ShetoldmeshehadbecomeaprofessionalviolinistinAustralia.Ithought,"Thatcouldhavebeenme."ButMr.Baumgartner’sdecisionledmetoadifferentpath—onefilledwithwordsandstories.I’mgratefulforthatturninmylifeandforMr.Baumgartner’sunexpectedguidance.4.Whatcausedtheauthortoleavetheschoolorchestra?A.Shelostinterestinplayingtheviolin.B.Shewantedtojointhegleeclubinstead.C.Shedamagedherviolinandfailedtorepairitproperly.D.HerfriendIrenebecamemuchbetterthanher.5.Whatwastheinitialresultoftheauthorjoiningthegleeclub?A.Sheimmediatelydiscoveredhertalentforsinging.B.Shewasselectedforacity-widehonorchorus.C.Shedecidedtobecomeaprofessionalsinger.D.Shestartedwritingarticlesforthenewspaper.6.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenshefirstsawherwritingpublished?A.Surprisedbutindifferent.B.Proudanddeterminedtocontinue.C.Regretfulaboutherpastchoices.D.Nervousaboutothers’opinions.7.Whatisthemainmessagetheauthorwantstoconvey?A.Failureinoneareacanleadtosuccessinanother.B.Strictteachersareessentialforstudentdevelopment.C.Childhoodfriendshipscanshapeourfuturecareers.D.Naturaltalentismoreimportantthanhardwork.【答案】4.C5.B6.B7.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者原本想成为小提琴手，却因意外损坏小提琴被老师建议加入合唱团，最终发现写作才是自己真正热爱的事业的故事。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Unfortunately,Iwasn’tverygoodattheviolin.Oneday,whilepracticing,thebridgeofmyviolinflewoffandthestringsbroke.ScaredofMr.Baumgartner’sreaction,Itriedtofixitmyselfwithsomeglue.Butwhenhesawmycrookedbridge,hetoldmeIcouldn’tbeintheorchestraanymore.(不幸的是，我小提琴拉得不好。有一天，我在练习的时候，小提琴的琴马飞了出去，琴弦断了。我害怕鲍姆加特纳先生的反应，试图用胶水自己修理。但当他看到我歪歪扭扭的琴马时，他告诉我不能再参加管弦乐队了。)”可知，作者因为损坏了小提琴且没有正确修复，导致被老师要求退出管弦乐队。故选C项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“IswitchedtothegleeclubandfoundIenjoyedsingingwithothers,eventhoughIdidn’thaveagreatvoice.Later,thejuniorhighchorusheldauditionsfortheAllCityHonorChorus,andIwasoneofonlyfivegirlsfrommyschooltoaudition.Becauseofthis,Imadethechorus.(我转到了合唱团，发现我喜欢和别人一起唱歌，尽管我的声音不是很好听。后来，初中合唱团为全市荣誉合唱团举行了试唱，我是我们学校仅有的五个参加试唱的女孩之一。正因为如此，我加入了合唱团。)”可知，作者加入合唱团后，被选入了全市荣誉合唱团。故选B项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第五段“However,whenIsawmynameandwordsinprint,IknewIwantedtowritemore.(然而，当我看到我的名字和文字被印刷出来时，我知道我想写更多。)”可知，作者看到自己的文章被发表后，感到自豪并决定继续写作。故选B项。【7题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Lookingback,IunderstandthatifIhadn’tbrokenmyviolinandjoinedthegleeclub,Imightneverhavediscoveredmyloveforwriting.Yearslater,IsawIreneatareunion.ShetoldmeshehadbecomeaprofessionalviolinistinAustralia.Ithought,"Thatcouldhavebeenme."ButMr.Baumgartner’sdecisionledmetoadifferentpath—onefilledwithwordsandstories.I’mgratefulforthatturninmylifeandforMr.Baumgartner’sunexpectedguidance.(回想起来，我明白如果我没有弄坏小提琴并加入合唱团，我可能永远不会发现我对写作的热爱。多年后，我在一次聚会上见到了艾琳。她告诉我她已经在澳大利亚成为了一名职业小提琴手。我想，“那本来可能是我。”但是鲍姆加特纳先生的决定让我走上了一条不同的道路——一条充满文字和故事的道路。我感谢我生命中的这一转折，也感谢鲍姆加特纳先生意想不到的指导。)”可知，作者通过自身经历传达了“失败或挫折可能成为人生转折点，并引领我们走向新的成功”的道理。故选A项。CDarkchocolate,mainlysolidcocoa,iswidelybelievedtobeahealthiertreat,oftencreditedwithbenefitslikeloweringbloodpressureandboostingbrainpower.Theseclaimsarelargelylinkedtoflavanols(黄烷醇),compoundsabundantincocoa.However,acloserlookatthescientificevidencesuggeststhatweshouldbecarefulabouteatingdarkchocolate.Whilesomeshort-termstudies,frequentlyfundedbychocolatecompanies,suggestedpotentialadvantages,theirresultshavebeeninconsistent.Moreimportantly,theyaretoobrieftorevealthelong-termeffectsofregularconsumption.Observationalstudies,whichsimplynotecorrelations(相关性),foundthatpeoplewhoeatmoredarkchocolatetendtobehealthier.Butthiscouldbebecausetheyoftenhavehigherincomesandbetteroveralllifestyles,notbecauseofthechocolateitself.Tosettlethedebate,abigrandomizedexperimentwasconducted.Itinvolvedolderadultswhotookdailycocoa-flavanolsupplementsforseveralyears.Thefindingswereclear:theflavanolsmadenosignificantdifferencetotheriskofdevelopingheartdisease,diabetes,orcancer.Therewasonepositivenote—areductionincardiovascular(心血管的)deaths—butthissingleoutcomeisnotsolidproofofbenefit.Crucially,obtainingahighshareofflavanolsfromcommercialdarkchocolateintroducesseriousdisadvantages.Tocountercocoa’sbitterness,manufacturersaddlargeamountsofsugar.Itmeansapersonwouldalsoconsumeasubstantialportionofthedailyrecommendedlimitoffat,whichisknowntoraisecholesterol(胆固醇)andharmhearthealth.Afarhealthierwaytogetflavanolsisfromfoodslikeapples,nuts,strawberries,orgreentea.Ultimately,thecelebratedhealthbenefitsofdarkchocolateappeartoberootedmoreinmarketingandwishfulthinkingthaninrobustscience.Whileenjoyingitasanoccasionaltreatisfine,relyingonitasahealthfoodismisguided.Truewellnesscomesfromabalanceddietrichinvariousfruits,vegetables,andbeans—notfromasingle,sugarytreat.8.Whatisacommonbeliefaboutdarkchocolate?A.Ithasinconsistentbenefits. B.Itsbenefitscomeatahighcost.C.Itcontributestophysicalhealth. D.Itsadvantagesrelyonlong-termintake.9.Whatisaresultoftakinginflavanolsfromdarkchocolate?A.Fasterfatburning. B.Resistancetocholesterol.C.Reductionofcancerrisks. D.Increaseinsugarconsumption.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“robust”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Basic. B.Solid. C.Advanced. D.Emerging.11.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheBitterTruthAboutDarkChocolate B.AGuidetoChoosingHealthyChocolateC.TheImpactofFlavanolsonYourHealth D.Marketingvs.ScienceintheFoodIndustry【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了黑巧克力被广泛认为的健康益处，指出这些益处更多基于营销和一厢情愿的想法，而非坚实的科学依据。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Darkchocolate,mainlysolidcocoa,iswidelybelievedtobeahealthiertreat,oftencreditedwithbenefitslikeloweringbloodpressureandboostingbrainpower.(黑巧克力，主要是固体可可，被广泛认为是一种更健康的零食，人们认为它有降低血压和提高智力的好处)”可知，关于黑巧克力，人们普遍认为它有助于身体健康。故选C项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Crucially,obtainingahighshareofflavanolsfromcommercialdarkchocolateintroducesseriousdisadvantages.Tocountercocoa’sbitterness,manufacturersaddlargeamountsofsugar.(至关重要的是，从商业黑巧克力中获取高比例的黄烷醇会带来严重的缺点。为了抵消可可的苦味，制造商添加了大量的糖)”可知，从黑巧克力中摄取黄烷醇会导致糖的摄入量增加。故选D项。【10题详析】词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Ultimately,thecelebratedhealthbenefitsofdarkchocolateappeartoberootedmoreinmarketingandwishfulthinkingthaninrobustscience.(最终，黑巧克力那些备受称赞的健康益处似乎更多植根于市场营销和一厢情愿的想法，而非robust的科学)”可知，划线词“robust”与“marketingandwishfulthinking(营销和一厢情愿的想法)”形成对比，用来修饰“science”，应指“坚实的、可靠的”科学证据，与B项“Solid”意思相近。故选B项。【11题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章开篇第一段“Darkchocolate,mainlysolidcocoa,iswidelybelievedtobeahealthiertreat,oftencreditedwithbenefitslikeloweringbloodpressureandboostingbrainpower.Theseclaimsarelargelylinkedtoflavanols,compoundsabundantincocoa.However,acloserlookatthescientificevidencesuggeststhatweshouldbecarefulabouteatingdarkchocolate.(人们普遍认为，以固体可可为主的黑巧克力是更健康的零食，常被认为具有降低血压、增强脑力等益处。这些说法主要与可可中富含的黄烷醇化合物有关。然而，仔细审视科学证据会发现，我们对食用黑巧克力应持谨慎态度)”即引出对黑巧克力健康宣称的质疑。随后，文章第二、三段分析相关科学证据的薄弱之处，第四段揭示其高糖高脂的健康风险，最后一段总结其健康益处更多源于营销。全文核心在于揭示关于黑巧克力健康的“苦涩真相”。A项“TheBitterTruthAboutDarkChocolate(黑巧克力的苦涩真相)”准确概括了这一主题，是文章最佳标题。故选A项。DThehumancapacityforrational(理性的)thinkingmakesusuniqueamongtheanimalkingdom,accordingtowise,oldAristotle.However,agrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatrationalitymightnotbequiteasdistinctiveahumanqualityaswemighthavethought.Inarecentstudy,researchersattheNgambaIslandChimpanzeeSanctuaryinUgandapresentedchimps(黑猩猩)withtwoboxes:onewithfoodandonewithoutasnack.Theywereinitiallygivenaclueastowhichonehadfood.Theteamthenprovidedthechimpswithsequential(顺序的)cluesofvaryingstrengthaboutwhichonecontainedasnack.“Whentheinitialevidencewasstrong,thechimpsstuckwiththeiroriginalchoice;whenthenewevidenceclearlyoutweighedthefirst,theyswitchedtheirchoice,”saysHannaSchleihauf,aco-authorofthestudy.Herteamalsoincorporatedcomputermodelstodemonstratethatthechimps’responsesmatchedupwithrationalstrategiesofbeliefrevision,ensuringtheyengagedingenuinereasoningratherthanmerelyfavoringthemostrecentevidence.Researcherstypicallyassociatethissortofreasoningwithchildrenaroundfouryearsold.“Moststrikingly,thechimpsalsoshowedmetacognitivesensitivitytoevidence,”Schleihaufcontinued.Metacognitionisawarenessandunderstandingaboutourthinkingprocesses.“Theynotonlyadjustedtheirchoices,butdidsoinwaysthatsuggesttheytrackedtheevidentialbasisoftheirbeliefs;whenearlierevidencewasdefeated,theyrevisedtheirbeliefaccordingly,”sheexplains.Thesefindingssuggestthatchimps’reasoningismoresimilartooursthanpreviouslybelieved.“Demonstratingrationalbeliefrevisioninchimpsprovidesapowerfulcomparativebaselineforunderstandingtheevolutionofhumanreasoning,”saidSchleihauf.Byidentifyingwhichaspectsofrationalityhumanssharewithchimpsandwhichareuniquetous,researcherscanbetterrecognizewhichdevelopearlyinchildren,whichdependonculture,andwhichrelyonuniquelyhumanformsofsociallearning.Sheaddsthatthestudyisimportantforanimalconservationandwelfarebecauseitfurtherjustifiestheprotectionofgreatchimps,theincreasedmoralstandardsinresearchandconservation,andthecreationofmorecognitively(认知上)stimulatinghabitatsinreservesandzoos.12.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthechimps’behaviorintheexperiment?A.Theycouldignorestronginitialevidence.B.Theypreferredwhicheverboxlookedlarger.C.Theybaseddecisionsonweighingofevidence.D.Theychoserandomlywhenclueswereunclear.13.Whydidtheresearchersusecomputermodelsinthestudy?A.Tocopythechimps’learningprocess.B.Topredictwhichboxthechimpswouldchoose.C.Tocomparethechimps’behaviorwiththatofkids.D.Toconfirmthechimpsusedrationalbeliefrevision.14.WhatdoesSchleihaufthinkofthestudyfindings?A.Theyarelessreliablethanexpected.B.Theyshowlimitedprogressinthisfield.C.Theyfailtoexplainthechimps’behavior.D.Theyrevealimpressiveabilitiesinchimps.15.Whatdoesthelastparagraphstressaboutthestudy?A.Itspracticalimplications. B.Itshistoricalcontext.C.Itsexperimentalapproach. D.Itspotentiallimitations.【答案】12.C13.D14.D15.A【语篇解读】这篇文章是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项关于黑猩猩认知能力的研究，挑战了人类理性思维独特性的传统观点，并探讨了该研究在理解人类推理进化以及动物保护方面的意义。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段““Whentheinitialevidencewasstrong,thechimpsstuckwiththeiroriginalchoice;whenthenewevidenceclearlyoutweighedthefirst,theyswitchedtheirchoice,”saysHannaSchleihauf,aco-authorofthestudy.(该研究的合著者汉娜·施莱豪夫（HannaSchleihauf）说道，“当初始证据足够有力时，黑猩猩会坚持它们最初的选择；而当新证据明显优于最初证据时，它们会改变自己的选择。”)”可知，黑猩猩的选择行为会根据新旧证据的强弱进行权衡后做出决策。故选C项。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句“Herteamalsoincorporatedcomputermodelstodemonstratethatthechimps’responsesmatchedupwithrationalstrategiesofbeliefrevision,ensuringtheyengagedingenuinereasoningratherthanmerelyfavoringthemostrecentevidence.(她的团队还结合了计算机模型，以证明黑猩猩的反应与理性的信念修正策略相符，确保它们进行的是真正的推理，而不仅仅是偏信最近的证据。)”可知，研究者使用计算机模型是为了验证并确认黑猩猩的行为确实符合理性信念修正的模式。故选D项。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第五段第一句““Moststrikingly,thechimpsalsoshowedmetacognitivesensitivitytoevidence,”Schleihaufcontinued.(施莱豪夫（Schleihauf）进一步说道，“最引人注目的是，黑猩猩还表现出对证据的元认知敏感性。”)”以及最后一句“Thesefindingssuggestthatchimps’reasoningismoresimilartooursthanpreviouslybelieved.(这些发现表明，黑猩猩的推理能力比我们之前认为的更接近我们。)”可以推知，施莱豪夫（Schleihauf）认为研究结果揭示了黑猩猩令人印象深刻的高层次认知能力。故选D项。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句““Demonstratingrationalbeliefrevisioninchimpsprovidesapowerfulcomparativebaselineforunderstandingtheevolutionofhumanreasoning,”saidSchleihauf.(施莱豪夫（Schleihauf）说，“在黑猩猩身上证明理性信念修正，为理解人类推理的进化提供了一个强有力的比较基线。”)”以及最后一句“Sheaddsthatthestudyisimportantforanimalconservationandwelfarebecauseitfurtherjustifiestheprotectionofgreatchimps,theincreasedmoralstandardsinresearchandconservation,andthecreationofmorecognitivelystimulatinghabitatsinreservesandzoos.(她补充说，这项研究对动物保护和福利很重要，因为它进一步证明了保护黑猩猩的合理性，提高了研究和保护中的道德标准，并呼吁在保护区和动物园创造更多能激发认知的环境。)”可知，该段落着重强调了这项研究在理解人类自身以及动物保护实践方面的实际意义和价值。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thoughpositivityisn’twhateveryoneisbornwith,wecangrowmorepositivewithpractice.Herearepracticalwaystohelpyoudoso.Learntoreframenegativeexperiences.Oneofthemistakespeoplemakeistryingtoavoidorignorenegativeexperiences.____16____.However,tryingtoavoidorignoretheseexperiencesactuallydamagesyourabilitytodealwiththem.Instead,considerhowyoucanreframetheseexperiences.Trytolearnfromthemorviewthemdifferently.____17____.Yourbodyandyourmindareconnected.Ifyou’restrugglingtofeelpositive,itcouldbebecauseyourbodyisworkingagainstyou.SocialpsychologistAmyCuddyhasshownthatyourposturecanaffectthelevelsofstresshormonesinyourbody.Trystandingupstraight.Holdyourshouldersbackandyourchestforward.Holdyourgazeinfrontofyou.____18____.Showcompassiontoothers.Compassionisdoingsomethingkindforsomeoneelse,especiallyifthatpersonislessfortunatethanyouare.Itcanreallyboostyourpositivity.____19____,whetherit’sonanindividuallevelorinyourcommunity,andpracticeshowingcompassion.Notonlyisitgoodforothers,it’sevengoodforyourhealth!Seeatherapist(治疗师).Acommonmisperceptionisthatpeopleonlyneedtoseeatherapistwhenthere’ssomethingwrong.____20____.Similarly,seeingatherapistcanalsobeahelpfulpreventivetechnique.Andifyouwanttolearnhowtothinkandbehavemorepositively,atherapistcanhelpyouidentifyunhelpfulpatternsinyourthinkinganddevelopnewpositivestrategies.A.UseyourbodyB.DoexercisetokeepphysicallyfitC.LearnfrompositivepeoplearoundyouD.ThinkofwaysthatyoucanserveothersE.Thismakessense,onsomelevel,becausethey’repainfulF.These“powerposes”canhelpyoufeelmoreconfidentandoptimisticG.Actually,yougotothedoctorforannualcheckupsevenifyou’renotsick【答案】16.E17.A18.F19.D20.G【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章提供了几种通过练习来培养积极心态的实用方法：重新解读负面经历、利用身体姿态、对他人心怀同情以及寻求专业治疗师的帮助。【16题详析】上文“Oneofthemistakespeoplemakeistryingtoavoidorignorenegativeexperiences.(人们犯的错误之一就是试图避免或忽视负面经历)”指出了人们对待负面经历的常见错误方式。E选项“Thismakessense,onsomelevel,becausethey’repainful(这在某种程度上说得通，因为它们很痛苦)”承接上文，解释了人们为何会犯这种错误(因为负面经历是痛苦的，所以想逃避是人之常情)。这为下文“However,tryingtoavoid...actuallydamages...”的转折提供了铺垫，先承认其合理性，再指出其危害，使论述更全面、有说服力。故选E项。【17题详析】下文“Yourbodyandyourmindareconnected.Ifyou’restrugglingtofeelpositive,itcouldbebecauseyourbodyisworkingagainstyou.SocialpsychologistAmyCuddyhasshownthatyourposturecanaffectthelevelsofstresshormonesinyourbody.Trystandingupstraight.Holdyourshouldersbackandyourchestforward.Holdyourgazeinfrontofyou.(你的身体和心灵是相连的。如果你难以感到积极，可能是因为你的身体在拖你的后腿。社会心理学家艾米·卡迪的研究表明，你的姿势会影响体内压力荷尔蒙的水平。试着站直。肩膀向后，胸部向前。目光直视前方)”详细阐述了身体姿态(如站姿、肩膀、胸部、目光)如何影响心理状态和压力水平。A选项“Useyourbody(利用你的身体)”位于段首，作为小标题，准确概括了下文的核心内容——通过有意识地调整身体姿态来促进积极心态。故选A项。【18题详析】上文“Trystandingupstraight.Holdyourshouldersbackandyourchestforward.Holdyourgazeinfrontofyou.(试着站直。肩膀向后，胸部向前。目光直视前方)”列举了具体的身体姿势调整方法。F选项“These“powerposes”canhelpyoufeelmoreconfidentandoptimistic(这些“能量姿势”可以帮助你感到更自信和乐观)”顺承上文，通过“These“powerposes””指代上文描述的具体姿态，并总结了这些姿态带来的积极心理效果(增强自信和乐观)，是对本段建议的最终落脚点。故选F项。【19题详析】上文“Compassionisdoingsomethingkindforsomeoneelse,especiallyifthatpersonislessfortunatethanyouare.Itcanreallyboostyourpositivity.(同情心是为他人做一些友善的事，尤其是当那个人比你不幸时。它真的能提升你的积极性)”定义了同情心并说明了其益处。D选项“Thinkofwaysthatyoucanserveothers(思考你可以服务他人的方式)”顺承上文，给出了将同情心付诸实践的具体建议，即思考如何“serveothers(服务他人)”。下文“whetherit’sonanindividuallevelorinyourcommunity,andpracticeshowingcompassion.(无论是在个人层面还是在你的社区中，并练习展现同情心)”则是在D选项基础上的进一步说明(服务的范围和练习)。故选D项。【20题详析】上文“Acommonmisperceptionisthatpeopleonlyneedtoseeatherapistwhenthere’ssomethingwrong.(一个常见的误解是，人们只有在出了问题的时候才需要去看治疗师)”指出了一个关于看治疗师的普遍误解。G选项“Actually,yougotothedoctorforannualcheckupsevenifyou’renotsick(事实上，即使你没有生病，你也会每年去看医生做体检)”通过类比(看医生做体检)，有力地反驳了上述误解，说明了寻求专业帮助也可以是预防性的、维护整体健康的正常行为。这与下文“seeingatherapistcanalsobeahelpfulpreventivetechnique(看治疗师也可以是一种有用的预防技巧)”的观点完全一致，并为该观点提供了生动的例证。故选G项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MusicispartofeverycultureontheEarth,whichcanbepleasant,sad,romantic,sleepy,healing—allkindsofthings.Butwhatisit?Somepeoplecallitanartthatsounds____21____

time.Ourearsreceiveitasloudor____22____,highorlow,rapidandshort,orslowandfast.Thesoundsneedtocontinueforatimeinsomesortofpatterntobecome____23____.Music,like_____24_____,isahumanformofcommunication.Aswithlanguage,therearemanydifferentkinds.InNorthAmerica,peoplelistentojazz,rock,classical,folk,country,andmanyotherkindsofmusic.Eachkindofmusichasitsownrulesand"____25____"tousinitsownway.Nooneknowsforsurewhenmusic____26____.Perhapswhileworking,peoplesangtomakeitgofaster.Peoplewhowere____27____

movements—pickingcropsorrowingboats,forexample—couldsingintime____28____

forthework.NavajoIndians,forexample,hadcorn-grindingsongs.Overtime,people____29____

musicalinstruments.Theymighthavestartedbyclappingtheirhandsandstampingtheir_____30_____.Sticksandobjectsthatrattled(碰响)couldhave_____31_____

thehumanbodyasearly_____32_____.Bothinstrumentsandmusicbecamemorecomplex(复杂)withtime.Today,musicinmanyculturesconsistsofartmusicandmusicofthepeople.Artmusic,whichwecallclassicalmusic,ismore_____33_____

thanthemusicofthepeople—_____34_____

musicandpopularmusic.Artmusicisgenerallyhardertowriteandperform.Musicianswhoperformitneedalotof_____35_____.Popularandfolkstylestypicallyareeasiertocreate,perform,andunderstand.21.A.in B.over C.against D.across22.A.small B.noisy C.soft D.distant23.A.music B.tune C.symphony D.masterpiece24.A.breath B.jazz C.chorus D.language25.A.weeps B.turns C.speaks D.whispers26.A.recorded B.began C.composed D.transformed27.A.possessing B.accompanying C.combining D.repeating28.A.gifted B.particular C.suitable D.dramatic29.A.defended B.developed C.deserved D.guaranteed30.A.feet B.faces C.volumes D.rhythms31.A.overcome B.swept C.replaced D.steamed32.A.images B.adaptation C.music D.instruments33.A.essential B.impressive C.unusual D.complicated34.A.folk B.rural C.jazz D.grand35.A.training B.encouragement C.reputation D.expectation【答案】21.D22.C23.A24.D25.C26.B27.D28.C29.B30.A31.C32.D33.D34.A35.A【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了音乐的本质、属性与人类的关联，讲述了音乐的起源与发展历程，还区分了艺术音乐（古典音乐）和民间、流行音乐的不同特点，阐释了音乐作为人类交流方式的独特价值。【21题详析】考查介词词义辨析。句意：有人称它为一种跨越时间的艺术。A.in在……里面；B.over在……之上；C.against对抗；D.across跨越。根据前文“MusicispartofeverycultureontheEarth”可知音乐存在于人类各文化中，且会流传延续，“acrosstime”表示“跨越时间”，符合音乐的特性，故选D。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的耳朵听到的音乐或响亮或轻柔，或高亢或低沉，或急促短促，或舒缓快速。A.small小的；B.noisy吵闹的；C.soft轻柔的；D.distant遥远的。根据前文“loudor”可知此处为反义并列，“loud”（响亮的）的反义词是“soft”（轻柔的），符合对声音的描述逻辑，故选C。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些声音需要以某种模式持续一段时间，才能成为音乐。A.music音乐；B.tune曲调；C.symphony交响乐；D.masterpiece杰作。根据文章主题围绕“music”展开，前文描述了构成音乐的各类声音特点，可知这些有规律的声音组合起来才会成为音乐，“music”符合语境，故选A。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：音乐和语言一样，是人类的一种交流方式。A.breath呼吸；B.jazz爵士乐；C.chorus合唱；D.language语言。根据后文“Aswithlanguage,therearemanydifferentkinds”可知作者将音乐和语言作类比，二者都是人类的交流形式，“language”符合语义，故选D。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每种音乐都有自己的规则，并以自己的方式向我们“诉说”。A.weeps哭泣；B.turns转动；C.speaks诉说、表达；D.whispers低语。根据前文“Music,like,isahumanformofcommunication”可知音乐是交流方式，能像人一样传递信息、表达内容，“speaks”契合音乐的交流属性，故选C。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有人确切知道音乐是何时开始的。A.recorded记录；B.began开始；C.composed创作；D.transformed转变。根据后文“Perhapswhileworking,peoplesangtomakeitgofaster”是对音乐起源的推测，可知此处是问音乐的开始时间，“began”符合语境，故选B。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那些重复做某个动作的人——比如采摘庄稼或划船，会配合着工作的节奏唱歌。A.possessing拥有；B.accompanying陪伴；C.combining结合；D.repeating重复。根据后文“pickingcropsorrowingboats”可知这些劳作都是重复性的动作，“repeating”符合此类劳作的特点，故选D。【28题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那些重复做某个动作的人——比如采摘庄稼或划船，会配合着工作的节奏唱合适的歌。A.gifted有天赋的；B.particular特别的；C.suitable合适的；D.dramatic戏剧性的。根据前文“singintime”可知人们唱歌会跟上劳作的节奏，选的是适合劳作节奏的歌，“suitable”符合语义，故选C。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，人们研制出了乐器。A.defended保卫；B.developed研制、发展；C.deserved应得；D.guaranteed保证。根据后文“Theymighthavestartedbyclappingtheirhandsandstampingtheir”可知人们从身体发声逐渐发展到使用工具，进而研制出专门的乐器，“developed”符合音乐器材的发展过程，故选B。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们可能最初是拍手、跺脚来发声。A.feet脚；B.faces脸；C.volumes音量；D.rhythms节奏。根据前文“stampingtheir”，可知此处是和前文“clappingtheirhands”并列的身体动作，“stampone'sfeet”是固定搭配，意为“跺脚”，符合语境，故选A。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：棍棒和能发出声响的物品可能最早取代了人体（作为发声的工具）。A.overcome克服；B.swept扫过；C.replaced取代；D.steamed蒸。根据前文“heymighthavestartedbyclappingtheirhandsandstampingtheir

.Sticksandobjects”，可知人们用拍手、跺脚发声，后来使用棍棒等物品发声，这些物品取代了身体成为发声工具，“replaced”符合语义，故选C。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：棍棒和能发出声响的物品可能最早取代了人体，成为早期的乐器。A.images形象；B.adaptation适应；C.music音乐；D.instruments乐器。根据前文“peoplemusicalinstruments”可知此处指这些能发声的物品就是早期的乐器，“instruments”符合语境，故选D。【3