江西省南昌市2026届高三年级四月检测英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1江西省南昌市2026届高三年级四月检测英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。1.Whatisthewomanbusydoing?A.Lookingafterapet.B.Huntingforaflat.C.Discussingwithherlandlady.【答案】B【原文】M:Areyoustillthinkingaboutgettingacat?W:Iwas,butmylandladydoesn’tallowpets.I’vebeenlookingforapetfriendlyplaceforaweekandit’sexhausting.2.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheconcert?A.Boring. B.Average. C.Impressive.【答案】C【原文】W:ThisismyfirsttimeexperiencingChinesefolkmusiclive.Ihadthoughtitwouldbedull.M:I’msogladyoudidn’tmissit.Howdidyoufindtheconcert?W:Itfeltlikeonlythreeminuteshadpassed,butsuddenlyitwasalreadyover.3.Whatdidthewomanleavebehind?A.Herwallet. B.Herpassport. C.Hercharger.【答案】C【原文】M:Timetogototheairport.Didyougeteverything?W:Letmecheck.Wallet,passport,phone.Wait,mycharger?It’sstillonthenightstand.Ican’tsurvivewithoutit.Onesecond.M:Hurryup,wearerunninglate.4.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Athome. B.Inacinema. C.Inalibrary.【答案】A【原文】W:Dad,dad,hey,look.Thatrabbitinthecartoonissupercute.Iwishwehadone.M:Shh.Sweetie,pleasekeepyourvoicedown.I’monanimportantonlinemeeting.W:Oops,sorry.I’llgowatchinmyroom.5.Whatisthemanadvisedtodo?A.Staytotheendstop.B.Transfertoanotherline.C.Getoffatonce.【答案】B【原文】M:Excuseme,amIontherighttraintocitypark?W:No,youshouldgetoffatcentralsquareandswitchtolineBthere.M:Thanks.Isitfar?W:Justtwostops.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。6.WhatisspecialaboutCleanPro?A.Largecapacity.B.Variouswashmodes.C.Self-cleaningfunction.7.WhatmakesthemandecidetobuyFreshS10?A.Itsprice. B.Itsservice. C.Itsdesign.【答案】6.B7.A【原文】W:Goodafternoon.Areyoulookingforadishwasher?M:Yes.Doyouhaveanyrecommendations?W:Wehavetwopopularmodels,CleanProandFreshS10.M:What’sthedifference?W:FreshS10isourbestseller.Itholds16placesettingsandhasmultiplewashcycles.CleanProhasauniquesystemtokeeptheinsidefreshandcleanautomatically.M:Hmm,it’shardtodecide.W:Deliveryisfreeforboth,buttheFreshS10isthelastoneinstock,soit’shalfoff.M:Agoodbargain.I’lltakeit.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。8.Whatisthemandoing?A.Searchingforamuseum.B.Inquiringaboutashow.C.Commentingonapainting.9.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Bookahead. B.Arriveearly. C.Visitonweekdays.10.Whatisthelastentrytime?A.4p.m. B.5p.m. C.6p.m.【答案】8.B9.A10.A【原文】W:Hello,thisisamodernartgallery.CanIhelpyou?M:Hi,I’mcallingaboutyourVanGoghartexhibition.Isitstillon?What’sthehighlight?W:Yes,itrunsuntilSeptember22nd.Insteadofhangingonwalls,hispaintingsareprojectedontotheceiling,wallsandfloor.Youcanbecompletelysurroundedbyhisart.M:Cool.ShouldIbookinadvance?W:It’sahotticketrightnow.Evenifyoucomeearlyonweekdays,there’snoguaranteewithoutareservation.M:Goodtoknow.Whataretheopeninghours?W:Ninea.m.tofivep.m.Butnoonewillbeadmittedonehourbeforeclosingtime.M:Thanks.I’llbooknow.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。11.WhatinspiredHenrytostartthehikingclub?A.Anoutdoorexperience.B.Ageographylesson.C.Ateacher’ssuggestion.12.Whatisrequiredfortheclubsetup?A.Professionalhikers.B.Aone-monthplan.C.Anexperiencedinstructor.13.Howoftendoestheclubplantomeet?A.Onceaweek. B.Onceamonth. C.Twiceamonth.【答案】11.A12.C13.C【原文】M:Hey,Jenny,I’mthinkingofstartinganoutdoorhikingclub.Areyouinterested?W:Really,Henry?Countmein.Ilovehiking.Igowithmydadtwiceamonth.M:Okay,Igottheideaafterthesummercamphikingtriplastyear.Westayedovernightinthemountains.Itwasamazing.W:Thatsoundsincredible.Sowhatdoweneedtogettheclubapproved?M:Weneedateacheradvisor,15amateurmembersandaplanforyearroundactivities.W:Thatshouldn’tbehard.Iknowsomepotentialmembers.M:Exactly.I’maskingMrThompson,ourgeographyteacher,tobetheadvisorheguidedhikingtripsbefore.W:Perfecthowoftenwouldwemeet?Theartclubmeetseveryweek,butthatseemslikealot.M:Onceafortnightandmaybewecanteamupwithotherclubstotrysomethingnew.W:Ican’twaittogetstarted.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。14.Whatattractspeoplemosttotherestaurant?A.Convenientlocation. B.Freshcooking. C.Localflavor.15.WhatdoesMiasayaboutthefood?A.Itisspicy. B.Itisexpensive. C.Itistasty.16.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates. B.Fellowworkers. C.Managerandsecretary.【答案】14.B15.A16.B【原文】M:HeyMia,haveyoutriedthatnewrestaurantjustaroundtheblock?Thelinesarecrazy.W:Yeah,Iwentthereonce.Theycutmeatrightthereandcookinahotpan,everythingisdoneinseconds.M:Ifounditwentviralaftersomestudentspostedvideosonline.Nowit’soneveryone’slist.W:Nosurprise.Comparedtopre-mademeals,whichcanbecostlyandnotalwayshealthy,peopleareeagerforsomethingspecialandfresh.That’swhatdrawsthecrowd.M:Thepriceisreasonable,too,around50Yuanforameal.W:Trueandfreshnessmattersmost,butit’stoohot.Mymouthburnedalotafterjustafewbites.M:Really?I’maregularthereandI’mahugespicelover.W:Well,it’snotmytaste,butI’llrecommendittomyfriends.M:Bytheway,haveyoufinishedthequarterlyreport?Themanagerisaskingforit.W:Almostdone.Justneedtodoublecheckthenumbers.I’llsendittoyoubythisafternoon.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17.WhyisDecember11chosenforSTEMDay?A.TohonorDr.Anderson.B.Tocelebrateatournament.C.Tomarkthecenter’sopening.18.Whatactivityisnewthisyear?A.Asciencequiz. B.Amodeldisplay. C.Arobotcompetition.19.Whatistheprizefortheparticipants?A.A3D-printedtool.B.Asmallroboticskit.C.Amachinelearningbook.20.Whatisthespeaker?A.Ascienceteacher.B.Theschoolprincipal.C.TheinitiatorofSTEMDay.【答案】17.C18.C19.B20.A【原文】Helloeveryone.Asweallknow,ourannualSTEMDayonDecember11thisjustaroundthecorner.Thisdateischosenbecauseitcelebratestheopeningdayofourschool’ssciencecenter.Butthisyearisgoingtobereallyspecial.OurformerstudentandfamousphysicistDr.JamesAnderson,whoinitiatedtheSTEMDay,willreturntojointhecelebration.OurSTEMDayhasgrownintosomethingfarbeyondtraditionalcelebrations.Yes,you’llstillfindclassicfunlikesciencequizzes,3D-printedmodelsdisplayandmachinelearningbooksavailableinthelibrary.Butthisyearwe’relaunchinganexcitingnewhands-onactivity,avexgotournament,whereyou’llbuild,testandprogramarobotandcompetebeforetheaudience.Thisyear,anyonewhocompletesachallengegetsaminiroboticset,asmallrewardtotakehomeandexplore.ThiscelebrationremindsusthatSTEMisn’tjustsubjectsinclass,butusefultoolsthatshapeourmodernworld.Somarkyourcalendars,signupatthefrontofficeandjointhefun.Maybeyou’llunderstandwhywescienceteachersgetsoexcitedaboutit.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ACareBox:VolunteerCreditsforanAge-FriendlyCommunityTomakedailylifeeasierforolderresidentswhileencouragingcommunityservice,thecityhasintroducedCareBox,avolunteer-supportprogramthatconnectslocalhelperswith65+seniorswithlimitedmobility,hearingdifficultiesorvisualimpairment,providingthemwithextraassistanceineverydaylife.WhoCanParticipateTheprogramisopento:Adultsaged18andabovewhowishtovolunteer;Studentsaged16-17iftheyregisterwithschoolorparentapproval.HowtoJoinAftercompletingidentityconfirmation,volunteerscanregisterthroughtheofficialCareBoxapp,a24-hourhotline,orlocalservicedesks.Noformerexperienceisneeded.ServicesProvidedCareBoxfocusesonpracticalhelpthatimprovesseniors’dailylives.Volunteersmayvisitelderlyresidentsforconversation,readingorcompanionship.Othersassistwitherrands(差事)suchasgroceryshoppingormedicinepick-ups.Inaddition,volunteersguideseniorsinusingsmartphones,videocallsorhealthapps,helpingthemstayconnectedinadigitalworld.CreditSystemEachcompletedvolunteertaskearnsservicecredits.Detailsaregivenbelow:ThetypeandlengthoftheserviceTheNumberofCredits30-minutechats11creditsMealdelivery12creditsGroceryerrand15creditsDigitalsupportsession17creditsClinictripassistance18creditsThesecredits,whichappearintheapporonCareBoxmachines,canbesaved,donatedtocommunityprojectsorexchangedfortransportpassesandculturalactivities.CareBoxmachinesarelocatedinlibraries,communitycentersandselectedsupermarkets.21.WhatisthemainpurposeoftheCareBoxprogram?A.Toofferextrasupportforvolunteers.B.Topairvolunteerswithneedyseniors.C.Toprovidemedicalcarefortheelderly.D.Tobridgethedigitaldivideamongseniors.22.Whatshouldvolunteersdotojointheprogram?A.Filloutanonlineform. B.Havepriorexperience.C.Gettheiridentitychecked. D.Downloadtheofficialapp.23.WhatearnsthemostcreditsintheCareBoxprogram??A.Walkingaseniortoseeadoctor.B.Pickingupgroceriesforasenior.C.Chattingwithaseniorforhalfanhour.D.Assistingaseniorwithaphoneapp.【答案】21.B22.C23.A【语篇解读】主要介绍城市推出的CareBox志愿者项目，涵盖参与条件、报名方式、服务内容及积分兑换规则等相关信息。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Tomakedailylifeeasierforolderresidentswhileencouragingcommunityservice,thecityhasintroducedCareBox,avolunteer-supportprogramthatconnectslocalhelperswith65+seniorswithlimitedmobility,hearingdifficultiesorvisualimpairment,providingthemwithextraassistanceineverydaylife.(为便利老年居民日常生活、推广社区志愿服务，该市推出了CareBox这一志愿者帮扶项目，将本地帮扶者与行动不便、听力或视力障碍的65岁以上老人对接，为老人提供日常生活额外帮助。)”可知，该项目的主要目的是将志愿者与有需要的老年人配对帮扶。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据HowtoJoin部分中的“Aftercompletingidentityconfirmation,volunteerscanregisterthroughtheofficialCareBoxapp,a24-hourhotline,orlocalservicedesks.(完成身份核验后，志愿者可通过官方软件、热线电话或社区服务台完成注册报名。)”可知，志愿者加入该项目需要先完成身份审核。【23题详析】细节理解题。根据CreditSystem部分图表中的“30-minutechats11credits；Mealdelivery12credits；Groceryerrand15credits；Digitalsupportsession17credits；Clinictripassistance18credits.(半小时聊天11积分；送餐12积分；代购杂货15积分；数字设备协助17积分；陪同就诊18积分。)”可知，陪同老人前往诊所就医获得的积分最多，因此A项符合语境。BKyleLybarger,oftendressedincamo(迷彩服),doesn’tlooklikeatypicalsocialmediainfluencer.Yet,asaforestworkerinAlabama,hehasfoundunexpectedinternetfamebyintroducinghisfollowerstotheoverlookedworldofsoutheasternplants.Today,heactsasaguardianforgrowingrareandendangeredplantpopulations.Ironically,hisconservationjourneybeganwithanecologicalmistake.Adecadeago,whilemanagingaprivateforest,Lybargerwantedtoattractmoredeerandwildturkeys.Hechoseanopen,rockyarea,decidingitwouldbeagoodplacetoplantfoodforwildlife.Heusedherbicide(除草剂)toclearexistingplants,sowingaforeignseedfix.Inthedry,shallowsoil,theseedsdidn’ttake.Butaroundtheedgesoftheland,wherehehadn’tusedherbicide,abreathtakingpictureofcolorful,unfamiliarnativeflowerscameintoviewinthesunlight.AfterLybargerpostedthephotosoftheflowersonline,alocalbotanistreachedout,identifyingtheflowersasrarespecies.Lybargerrealizedhehadnearlykilledoffanareawithawildseedbankofcountlessspeciesjusttoplantafewforeignones.“That’sreallyalightbulbmoment(灵光一闪),”herecalls.Herecognizedthisreflectedacommonhumantendencytodominateratherthancoexistwithnature.Divingintoresearch,helearnedthatbeforehumansettlement,theSoutheastwashometoexpansivegrasslands.Overthecenturies,humandevelopmentandfirecontrolallowedforeigntreeschokedouttheonce-diversegrasslands,killingnativespecies.Findinganewmission,Lybargernowknocksondoorstoinstructlandownerswhoareunknowinghostsofrareplantstocareforthosepopulations.Healsouseshismassiveonlineplatformtoraisefundstoprotectbiodiversity.Hissecretsauce,whichimmediatelycarriedlikewildfireacrossthenation,ishisgenuinepassion.Lybarger’sstoryprovesthattrueenvironmentalprotectionbeginswhenwestoprewritingnatureandlearntoreadit.24.Whatmadethenativeflowerscomeout?A.Herbicide-freesoil. B.Wildlifewaste.C.Foreign-seedremoval. D.Sufficientsunlight.25.WhatdoesLybarger’s“lightbulbmoment”indicate?A.Hefoundanewplantingtrick. B.Hedoubtedtheexpert’swords.C.Hedecidedtostudybotany. D.Heregrettedhumanintervention.26.WhatdoesLybarger’scurrentworkinvolve?A.Buildingonlineplatforms. B.Sellinghissecretsauceformoney.C.Learningconservationrules. D.Educatinglandownersonrareplants.27.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ACampaignRedefinesNature. B.AMistakeAwakensaGuardian.C.SecretstoGrowingNativePlants. D.HiddenWealthofVastGrasslands.【答案】24.A25.D26.D27.B【语篇解读】文章讲述一名林业工人因一次生态失误醒悟，转而守护本土珍稀植物、践行环保的故事。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Butaroundtheedgesoftheland,wherehehadn’tusedherbicide,abreathtakingpictureofcolorful,unfamiliarnativeflowerscameintoviewinthesunlight.(但在这片土地边缘、未曾喷洒除草剂的区域，绚烂多姿、鲜为人知的本土野花在阳光下竞相绽放，景色美不胜收。)”可知，是未使用除草剂的土壤让本土野花得以生长。【25题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Lybargerrealizedhehadnearlykilledoffanareawithawildseedbankofcountlessspeciesjusttoplantafewforeignones.“That’sreallyalightbulbmoment(灵光一闪),”herecalls.Herecognizedthisreflectedacommonhumantendencytodominateratherthancoexistwithnature.(Lybarger意识到，自己只为种植少许外来植物，险些毁掉这片蕴藏无数物种野生种子库的土地。他回忆道：“那一刻我幡然醒悟。”他认识到，这折射出人类普遍的习性：总想主宰自然，而非与自然和谐共生。)”可知，Lybarger的“灵光一闪”时刻表明他后悔人类对自然的干预。【26题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Findinganewmission,Lybargernowknocksondoorstoinstructlandownerswhoareunknowinghostsofrareplantstocareforthosepopulations.(找到了新的使命，Lybarger现在挨家挨户地指导那些不知道自己是稀有植物主人的土地所有者照顾这些植物种群。)”可知，Lybarger目前的工作包括教育土地所有者关于稀有植物的知识。【27题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“Yet,asaforestworkerinAlabama,hehasfoundunexpectedinternetfamebyintroducinghisfollowerstotheoverlookedworldofsoutheasternplants.Today,heactsasaguardianforgrowingrareandendangeredplantpopulations.Ironically,hisconservationjourneybeganwithanecologicalmistake.(然而，这位阿拉巴马州的林业工人，凭借向粉丝介绍鲜为人知的东南部植物意外走红。如今，他致力于守护珍稀濒危植物。颇具讽刺的是，他的环保之路，始于一次生态失误。)”可知，文章主要讲述了KyleLybarger因一次生态失误幡然醒悟，从此投身珍稀植物保护，成为自然守护者的故事。选项B“一个错误唤醒了一位守护者”准确概括了文章核心，是文章的最佳标题。CYouenterthekitchentograbsomethingoffthecounter,onlytofindhalfwaytherethatthethoughthassuddenlydisappeared.Backtrackingtothelivingroombringsitrushingback.Yourbrainisn’tbroken.Infact,you’vejustexperiencedwhatpsychologistscallthedoorwayeffect,acommonandwell-documentedcognitivehiccup(认知偏差).GabrielRadvansky,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofNotreDame,whohasspentyearsinvestigatinghowphysicalmovementaffectsmemory,uncoverstheunderlyingmechanism:thebrainorganizesexperienceintoseparateepisodescalledeventmodels.Eachroom,eachdistinctcontextrepresentsaseparateepisodewithdoorwaysservingas“eventboundaries”thatsignaltransitionsbetweenepisodes.Whenyoucrossadoorway,thebrainfilesthepreviousepisodeofactivityawayandbeginsbuildinganewone.Asaresult,theintentionyouformedintheoriginalroombecomesburiedundernewlyactivatedcontextualinformation.Incontrolledexperiments,Radvanskyfoundthatparticipantsweretwotothreetimesmorelikelytoforgettheirintendedtaskaftercrossingadoorwaythanaftertravellingthesamedistancewithinasingleroom.“Recallingthedecisionoractivitymadeinadifferentroomisdifficultbecauseithasbeenfiledandcoveredup,”heexplained.“Retracingyourstepsworksbecauseitreinstatestheoriginalepisodeandbringsbacktheburiedintentiontothesurface.”JeffreyZacks,apsychologistatWashingtonUniversityhasdescribedthesignificanceofRadvansky’sworkprecisely.Scientistsoncebelievedtimewastheprimaryfactorinmemoryaccessandlaterresearchshoweditwastheamountofnewinformationarrivingovertime,henoted.Thedoorwaystudiesaddedathirddimension,thestructureofexperienceitself,adjustingaccesstotheimmediatelyrelevantmemoriesaccordingly.Foreverydaypurposes,formingaclear,specificintentionbeforecrossingadoorwayratherthanrelyingonsurroundingmemory,reducesthechanceoflosingitattheboundary.Writingitdownachievesthesameeffectasitmovestheintentionintoanexternalrecordthatlocation-updatingprocesscan’ttouch.Andrecognizethatwalkingintoaroomandforgettingwhy,whichbecomesmorefrequentunderstress,tirednessorhighcognitiveload,isanormalfeatureofhowyourbrainmanagesepisodictransitions,atrade-offbetweenefficiencyandimmediateaccess,notamalfunction.28.Whatdoweknowabouteventmodelsfromthepassage?A.Theycausememorydisorder. B.Theymixdifferentlifeexperiences.C.Theyareerasedbydoorways. D.Theyarelinkedtospecificcontexts.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reinstates”meaninParagraph3?A.Restores. B.Replaces. C.Reconstructs. D.Restricts.30.WhatisthesignificanceofRadvansky’sstudiesaccordingtoZacks?A.Confirmingtheroleofinformation. B.Offeringnewmemoryperspectives.C.Revolutionizingmemorylossresearch. D.Correctingtraditionalmemoryviews.31.Whatisrecommendedtopreventthedoorwayeffect?A.Avoidingtheeventboundaries. B.Reducingthemultitaskchances.C.Externalizingthespecificintention. D.Embracingthedecliningmemory.【答案】28.D29.A30.B31.C【语篇解读】文章介绍门口效应的成因、相关研究，并给出缓解该记忆偏差的实用方法。【28题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“thebrainorganizesexperienceintoseparateepisodescalledeventmodels.Eachroom,eachdistinctcontextrepresentsaseparateepisodewithdoorwaysservingas“eventboundaries”thatsignaltransitionsbetweenepisodes.(大脑会将各类经历整理成独立的片段，这些片段被称作事件模型。每个房间、每一种不同的环境，都代表一段独立经历；而门口充当“事件边界”，标志着不同经历的切换过渡。)”可知，事件模型与特定的环境相关联。【29题详析】词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Retracingyourstepsworksbecauseitreinstatestheoriginalepisodeandbringsbacktheburiedintentiontothesurface.(原路折返之所以管用，是因为它能reinstates最初的场景片段，让被搁置的想法重新浮现。)”可知，原路返回会让最初的片段再次呈现，也就是恢复原来的片段，所以“reinstates”在此处意为“恢复”，与restore意思相近。【30题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Scientistsoncebelievedtimewastheprimaryfactorinmemoryaccessandlaterresearchshoweditwastheamountofnewinformationarrivingovertime,henoted.Thedoorwaystudiesaddedathirddimension,thestructureofexperienceitself,adjustingaccesstotheimmediatelyrelevantmemoriesaccordingly.(他指出，科学家曾认为，时间是影响记忆调取的主要因素；后续研究又表明，真正关键的是随时间累积的新信息量。而关于门口效应的研究增添了第三个维度——经历本身的结构，并据此调整我们对即时相关记忆的调取能力。)”可知，Zacks认为Radvansky的研究增加了新的维度，提供了新的记忆视角。【31题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Foreverydaypurposes,formingaclear,specificintentionbeforecrossingadoorwayratherthanrelyingonsurroundingmemory,reducesthechanceoflosingitattheboundary.Writingitdownachievesthesameeffectasitmovestheintentionintoanexternalrecordthatlocation-updatingprocesscan’ttouch.(在日常生活中，穿过门口前形成清晰、明确的想法，而非依赖周遭环境记忆，能减少在场景分界处遗忘想法的概率。将其写下来也能起到同样效果，因为这一做法把想法转化为外部记录，不会受场景切换更新机制的影响。)”可知，将具体想法外化记录下来可预防门口效应。DStaticelectricity(静电)isacommonphenomenonthatweexperiencedaily.Takeoffasweaterinwinter,andyoumighthearasuddensound;brushaballoonagainstyourhair,andthehairstandsonend.Yet,thisfamiliarevent—knownscientificallyasthetriboelectricityeffect(摩擦起电效应)—haspuzzledscientistsforcenturies.Foralongtime,researchersreliedonthe“triboelectricseries”.Thiswasafixedrankingsystemdesignedtodetermineexactlywhichmaterialswouldchargepositivelyornegativelyuponcontact.However,thedeeprulesofthiseffectconfusedresearchersbecauseexperimentsoftenproducedcontradictoryresults.Identicaltestingproceduresusingtheexactsamematerialsfrequentlyresultedindifferentcharges,goingagainsttheestablishedranking.Consequently,disappointedscientistsoftendismissedtheseconfusingresultsashumanerror,wrongmethods,orpoorequipment.Thislackofreliabilityblockedtheprogressofrelatedscientificstudiesforalongtime.Recently,newresearchhasbroughtamajorbreakthrough.Scientistssuggestthatwhatlookedlikechaosisactuallyanaturalchangeovertime.Inadetailedstudy,researchersfoundthatamaterial’schargingbehaviourheavilydependsonits“contacthistory”.Repeatedphysicalinteractionscausetinysurfaceshapechanges.Thisphysicalwearsystematicallyshiftsthematerial’stendencytowardnegativecharging.Thediscoveryperfectlyexplainsthehistoricalmistakes:scientistsweretestingwornmaterialswithoutknowingit.Inafollow-upfieldstudy,theteamstudiedoxidematerials(氧化物)suchassand,andidentifiedthehiddenchemicalfactordrivingtheirelectricalbehavior:carbon-carryingsubstances.Thesesubstances,whichareeverywhereintheatmosphere,graduallycoatallexposedsurfaceswithaninvisiblelayer.Whenresearchersheatedthematerialstohightemperaturestocompletelyremovethisenvironmentalpollution,theyobservedsomethingamazing:thedirectionofthechargeexchangewentintheoppositedirection,provingthattheunseenpollutionsecretlygovernedtheelectricalreaction.Theseexcitingfindingschallengetheconventionalideaofafixedranking.Amaterial’selectricalidentityisactuallydynamic,shapedbyitsphysicalhistoryandenvironmentalexposure.Bymappingthesehiddenfactors,scientistsareturningalong-heldmysteryintoapredictablescience.Thisdeeperunderstandingwillhelpdevelopbattery-freewearabledevices,preventindustrialdisastrousexplosions,andevenevaluatethepotentialdamageoflunardusttofuturespacemissions.32.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?A.Byprovidingeverydayexamples. B.Bylistingexperimentaldata.C.Byraisingascientificquestion. D.Bysharingafabulousstory.33.Whataffectsthematerial’schargingtendency?A.Theinitialphysicalstate. B.Thetestingmethods.C.Thesurfaceshapeshifts. D.Theexperimentequipment.34.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthefieldstudy?A.Oxidesproduceenvironmentalpollution. B.Invisiblecoatingscontrolelectricalresponses.C.Heatingchangesoxidestructures. D.Carbonprotectsoxidesagainstpollution.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphfocuson?A.Limitationsandpredictions. B.Statisticsandpractices.C.Evaluationsandapplications. D.Difficultiesandopportunities.【答案】32.A33.C34.B35.C【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了静电现象以及科学家对其产生原因的新发现。【32题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Staticelectricityisacommonphenomenonthatweexperiencedaily.Takeoffasweaterinwinter,andyoumighthearasuddensound;brushaballoonagainstyourhair,andthehairstandsonend.(静电是我们日常生活中常见的一种现象。冬天脱毛衣时，你可能会听到突然的声音；用气球摩擦头发，头发就会竖起来。)”可知，作者通过提供日常例子来引入话题。【33题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Repeatedphysicalinteractionscausetinysurfaceshapechanges.Thisphysicalwearsystematicallyshiftsthematerial’stendencytowardnegativecharging.(反复的物理相互作用会导致表面形状的微小变化。这种物理磨损系统地改变了材料向负电荷带电的趋势。)”可知，材料的带电倾向取决于表面形状变化。【34题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Thesesubstances,whichareeverywhereintheatmosphere,graduallycoatallexposedsurfaceswithaninvisiblelayer.Whenresearchersheatedthematerialstohightemperaturestocompletelyremovethisenvironmentalpollution,theyobservedsomethingamazing:thedirectionofthechargeexchangewentintheoppositedirection,provingthattheunseenpollutionsecretlygovernedtheelectricalreaction.(这些物质在大气中无处不在，它们逐渐在所有暴露的表面上覆盖一层看不见的层。当研究人员将材料加热到高温以完全去除这种环境污染时，他们观察到了一个惊人的现象：电荷交换的方向发生了相反的变化，这证明了看不见的污染秘密地控制着电反应。)”可知，从实地研究中可以得出隐形涂层控制着电反应的结论。【35题详析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Theseexcitingfindingschallengetheconventionalideaofafixedranking.Amaterial’selectricalidentityisactuallydynamic,shapedbyitsphysicalhistoryandenvironmentalexposure.Bymappingthesehiddenfactors,scientistsareturningalong-heldmysteryintoapredictablescience.Thisdeeperunderstandingwillhelpdevelopbattery-freewearabledevices,preventindustrialdisastrousexplosions,andevenevaluatethepotentialdamageoflunardusttofuturespacemissions.(这些令人兴奋的发现挑战了传统的固定排名观念。材料的电特性实际上是动态的，由其物理历史和环境暴露所决定。通过绘制这些隐藏因素，科学家们正在将一个长期存在的谜团变成一门可预测的科学。这种更深入的理解将有助于开发无电池可穿戴设备，防止工业灾难性爆炸，甚至评估月球尘埃对未来太空任务的潜在损害。)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是对这些发现的评估以及这些发现可以应用到的领域。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。OnarecenttriptoCostaRica,Ivisitedawell-establishedecologicalcoffeefarm.Thisfarmislessabouttastycoffeedrinksandsweettreats.____36____Ihadpicturedsimplyseeingcoffeebeansandtastingdrinks,butbeingatanactualfarmwastotallydifferentandamazing.Thefirstsurprisewasthespectacularsetting.____37____Thefarmisgreenandnatural.Theopen-airguestcenteroverlooksawaterfallandagorge(峡谷)fulloftropicalgreenery.Everythinghereisdesignedtoblendperfectlywithnature.Walkingalongpathsborderedwithpalmtreesandtropicalplantsmademefeelmorelikehikinginnature.____38____Beforethistrip,whenIheardaboutacoffeetasting,Iimaginedsweet,frozendrinks.Infact,itturnedouttobeasensoryworkshopsimilartoawinetasting,withrichflavorsandspecialwaystoevaluatethecoffee.Samplingseveralkindsofcoffeegrownandroastedrightonthefarmtrulyopenedmyeyestoitscomplexnaturalflavors.Beyondthetasting,thetouralsoofferedsurprisingscientificfacts.Forinstance,Ilearnedacoffeeplanttakesalmostfiveyearstoproducebeans.____39____Thelongerabeanhasbeenroasted,thelesscaffeineithas.Thatmeanslighterroastsactuallyhavemorecaffeinethandarkerones.Thestaffsaidgrinding(研磨)andbrewing(冲泡)themasapour-overcangetthebestflavor.Beforeleaving,Ienjoyedacupoffreshlybrewedcoffee.Knowingthatittakesroughlyfiftybeansandyearsofpatiencetoproduceasinglecup,Irealizedtheenormouseffortbehindit.____40____A.Myinitialideaofcoffeetastingwasquitesimple.B.Eraseallthoughtsofaflatanddullfarmfromyourmind.C.ThisspecialexperiencechangedhowIviewedmydailycoffee.D.Soyouwon’tbeabletosampleacupfromyourpersonalplant.E.It’salsoabeautifulandinstructivefarmtoofferyouagreattrip.